service provider architectures

1

Service Provider Architectures

Enrico Mercadante

222

Introduction

• Focus For Today

– Brief Overview of the Market Segmentation andtypical Service Offerings by Service Providers

– Discussion focusing on Service Providerarchitectures and relative technologies

–Focus will be on Architectures that takeadvantage from the IP protocols suite

Questions are GREATLY encouraged

333

Technology and Services

• Technology-driven approachTechnology as driver for Services

Typically: One Network <--supports--> One Service

Example: PSTN, Basic Internet Access

• Service-centric approachServices as Driver, Technology as Enabler

Typically: One Network <--supports--> Many Services

Example: Integrated Access (Voice/Video/Data)

444

SPs have to sell Profitable Services

Increase ServiceRevenue

ProfitabilityCost

Revenue

Reduce Operations Cost• Increase revenue• Reduce cost of operations• Expand addressable market

t

$

555

TopBusiness

>500 empl.

Residential

Soho1 –5 empl.

Small Business6 - 50 empl.

Medium Business51 - 500 empl.

Res

iden

tial

Bus

ines

sAddressable Marketfor a SP in Italy

6.800

22.000

120.000

1,2 M

20 M

Service ProviderHorizontal Market Segmentation

Different-Requirements-Needs-Budgets

666

CustomerCustomersegmentssegments

ServicesServices

BusinessesBusinesses

ResidentialsResidentials

VoiceVoice VideoVideo

Different networks usedby...

Data /Data /InternetInternet

Network 2

Incumbents

Network 3

Network 1

Network 2

Cable TVs

Network 1

e.BISCOM’S OPERATION STRATEGY

CLECs

Network 1

Many Services, Different Customers,How many Networks?

New Broadband SP

Network 1

777

Basic Internet Access

Managed Network Access

Managed FirewallService

Voice overData

VPN

Profit PerLine

IncreasingService

DifferentiationVideo

Value Added ServicesEnable Revenue Generation

888

Services: Targeting the Customer

Retail

High-Tech Mfg.

Banking

ConsumerProducts

Media

Innovators EarlyAdopters

Healthcare

EnergyInsurance

Industrial Mfg.

Public Sector

Service Providers

Utilities

EarlyMajority

LateMajority

Laggards

Transport

ITSecurities

999

Bundling SP Offerings to MeetEnterprise Needsàà Vertical Segmentation

FinancialServices

FinancialFinancialServicesServices

Retail and Consumer

Retail and Retail and ConsumerConsumer

ManufacturingManufacturingManufacturing GovernementGovernementGovernement Media and Entertainment

Media and Media and EntertainmentEntertainment

SP Services

•Storage

•IP VPN

•IP Telephony

•Managed Hosting

•Content Delivery

•UnifiedCommunications

SP Services

•IP VPN

•HostedApplications

•IP Telephony

•Mobile Wireless

•Portals

•Content Delivery

•BroadbandAccess (stores)

•IP Core

•IP ContactCenter

SP Services

•Managed HostingServices


•IP VPN

•Content Delivery

•IP Telephony/Managed Voice

•Broadband Access

•UnifiedCommunications

•IP Contact Center

SP Services

•ManagedHostingServices

•Storage

•ContentDelivery


•IP VPN

•IP ContactCenter

SP Services

•Security

•Storage

•Content Delivery(streaming)

•Managed HostingServices

•IP VPN

•Mobile Wireless

•ATM

•Digital Encryption

•Digital AssetManagement

101010

Services

• When building Services the following tasks must betaken into account:

Pricing

Billing

Marketing (packaging, advertisement)

Service Level Agreement Monitoring

Fault Management

Service Provisioning

Technology

111111

Typical Services for Residential Customerson a IP capable infrastructure

• VoiceProvided Features:

Basic call and Supplementary Srvcs

Reliability 99.999% (5 min/year outage)

Voice Quality: MOS( Mean Opinion Score) > 3.9 ( 1 < MOS <5)

Billing: Flat or Time Based

Analogue phone compatibility

• DataProvided Features:

Data Access/ Public IP address @ committed speed (ex. 56kbps)

Reliability <<99%

Billing: Free, Flat or Volume Based

• VideoVCR or DVD quality

Reliability 99%

# of Channels / Films

Billing: Time Based or Per-Film

121212

MOS Rating of Digital Voice

Codec BitRate

MIPs Comp.Delay(ms)

FramingSize

MOS

G.711 PCM 64 .34 0.75 0.125 4.1

G.726 ADPCM 32 13 1 0.125 3.85

G.728 LD-CELP 16 33 3-5 0.625 3.61

G.729 CS-ACELP 8 20 10 10 3.92

G.729a CS-ACELP 8 10.5 10 10 3.9

G.723.1 MPMLQ 6.3 16 30 30 3.90

G.723.1 ACELP 5.3 16 30 30 3.8?

131313

Typical Services for BusinessCustomers

• Data ServiceProvided Features

VPN (intranet)

Remote Access to VPN

Internet Connectivity

Managed Security

Reliability 99%

Billing: Flat

• Voice ServiceProvided Features

Basic Call

Managed PBX

Private Numbering Plan

Voice Quality: MOS( Mean Opinion Score) > 3.9

Reliability 99.999% (5 min/year outage)

Billing: Flat or Time Based

141414

Example of Internet Connectivityparameters

IP Transfer Delay -L (ms)

IP Loss Ratio - P(%)

Reachability (%)

Average values 75 < L < 85 0 < P < 1,5 99 < R < 100

Optimum range L < 50 P < 2,5 R > 99

Ref. draft Rec. ITU-T Y.1540

151515

Virtual Private NetworksIntranet VPNIntranet VPN

• Intranet VPN

–Provides interconnections between the customer’s remotesites and corporate intranet/extranet typically using dedicatedconnections over a shared network

–Used by remote and branch offices to connect to headquarters

MainOffice

POP

POP

Internet/IP, FR, ATM

POP

Service Provider

Remote Office

Branch Office

161616

Virtual Private NetworksExtranet VPNExtranet VPN

• Extranet VPN

–Extends corporate intranet services to suppliers, customers,partners or communities of interest over a shared infrastructuretypically using dedicated connections over a shared network

–Architecturally comparable to Intranet VPN with additionaltraffic control, security and interoperability issues

MainOffice

POP

POP

Internet/IP, FR, ATM POP

Service Provider

Remote OfficeSupplier A

Supplier BCustomer

Branch Office

171717

Virtual Private NetworksAccess VPN

• Access VPN

–Provides remote access to corporate intranets/extranets usingthe shared infrastructure of the service provider(s) butpreserving the policies of a private network

–Used by telecommuters, mobile users or branch offices

POP

POP

CorporateIntranet

SecurityServer

Internet/IP, FR, ATM

Service Provider

181818

Platform Definitions

NAS,Voice Gateway

Layer 2 Switch

Label SwitchRouter

DSLAM

CustomerPremisesRouter

191919

Functional View of the SP Infrastructure

Customer PremisesCustomer Premises POPPOP CORENetwork(s)

CORENetwork(s)

AccessNetwork(s)

AccessNetwork(s)

CPECPE

CustomerNetwork

CustomerDevice

Network-1

Network-2

Network-1

Network-2

CustomerNetwork

ServicesAnd

Interconnection

ServicesAnd

Interconnection

Internet

Operation Support / Business Support SystemsOperation Support / Business Support Systems

202020

Residential Customers:Data (Internet Access) ServiceDial Access


PSTN

Intermedate

COCO

CO

POPPOP

Modem

InternetIP

Transport

Access NetworkAccess Network Core NetworkCore Network

e.g. POS

CO

InternetGatewaysInternet

Gateways

NAS

User Authentication/AuthorizationUser Authentication/Authorization

212121

Structure Of The Internet

• Traditional assumption that the Internet wasbased on a well ordered provider clienthierarchy.

Local ISP Local ISP Local ISP Local ISP Local ISP

Transit ISP Transit ISP

National ISP National ISP National ISP

Regional ISP Regional ISP Regional ISP Regional ISP

222222


• The reality is not so ideal

Local ISP Local ISP Local ISP Local ISP Local ISP

Transit ISP Transit ISP

National ISP National ISP National ISP

Regional ISP Regional ISP Regional ISP Regional ISP

• Unordered subset ofinterconnects

• Driven by businessrequirements underpinnedby performance

• Non-disclosure and bi-lateral agreements

• Peering is now considereda corporate asset & legalconcern

232323


Thanks to CAIDA http://www.caida.org

• Shows

• 626,773 IP addresses

• 1,007,723 IP links

• 48,302 ( 52%) of globallyroutable network prefixes

•25,126 peering links

• Reflects some level ofhierarchy

• Clearly shows lack oforder at the periphery

242424

Residential Customers:Data (Internet Access) ServiceDSL Access

CustomerPremises

CustomerPremises

AggregationNetwork

AggregationNetwork

AccessNetworkAccess

Network

CPECPE


POPPOP

xDSL ATM

CORENetworkCORE

Network

IP Transport

Internet


Gateways

DSLAM

e.g. POS

252525

Basic DSLServicesServices

Max. Data RateDown/Uplink (bps)

VDSL—Very High Bit Rate DSL

52M/12.0Mor 8M/8M

Copper PairsRequired

1

Analog VoiceSupport

Yes

Max. Reach(km-feet)

.9-10,000

DSL Service

ADSL—Asymmetric DSL(CAP, DMT)

Up to8M/0.8M

1 Yes 5.5–20,000

HDSL—High Bit RateDSL

1.5M–2.0M/1.5M–2.0M

2 No 4.6–15,000

SDSL/HDSL2—Symmetric DSL

Up to 1.5 Mbps/1.5 Mbps

1 No 6.9–22,000

IDSL—ISDN DSL 144K/144K 1 No 5.5–18,000

ISDN 128K/128K 1 No 5.5–18,000

262626

Provisioning Challenge

Central Office

Voice SwitchVoice Switch

DSLAMDSLAM

Multiple NMS, EMSSystems

Duration: 1–15 Day

Reseller—Manual Ordering Processing

Duration: 10–15 Days

Total 20–45 Working Days

CPE Config1–3 Truckrolls

Duration: 1–2 Weeks

Manual LoopQualification


MDF-DSLAMCross-Connect


MDF

MDF

272727

Residential/Business Customers:Data (Internet Access) ServiceEthernet to the Home Access

Customer Premises

Customer Premises

POPPOPAccessNetworkAccess

NetworkCPECPE


Gigabit Ethernet

CORENetworkCORE

Network

IP Transport Internet


Gateways

e.g. POS

CustomerNetwork

282828

In-Building Connectivity

Typical Residential Building

Edge IP Ring

Copper (UTP5) or Fiber Vertical cabling (Ethernet or FE)

Residential CPE

Layer 2 Switchin the basement

292929

Residential/Business Customers:Data (Internet Access) and Voice ServiceEthernet to the Home Access

Customer Premises

Customer Premises

POPPOPAccessNetworkAccess

NetworkCPECPE


V

V

V

Gigabit Ethernet

CORENetworkCORE

Network

IP TransportH.323 Gatekeepers

Internete.g. POS

CustomerNetwork

PSTN

V

Voice Gateway

303030

Packet-over-SONET/SDH (PoS)

• Point-to-Point Protocol, IETF RFC 1661

• PPP in HDLC- Like Framing, IETF RFC 1662

• PPP over SONET/SDH, IETF RFC 2615

Datagrams

Protocol encapsulation

Error Control

Link Initialization

PPP Packet Delineation

Byte Delineation

IPIP

PPP In ByteSynchronousHDLC Framing

PPP In ByteSynchronousHDLC Framing

SONET/SDHSONET/SDH Physical Layer

Data Link Layer

Network Layer

313131

Business Customers:Data (VPN) ServiceATM/Frame Relay


CPECPE POPPOP CORECORE

Customer Network

Frame Relay or

ATM

ATM

CustomerPremises

CustomerPremises

Customer Network

AccessAccess

Could also beAn IP Core Network

Customer Network

323232

Virtual Private NetworksVPN Services/TechnologiesVPN Services/Technologies

Access VPNClient–Initiated

NAS–Initiated

Intranet /

Extranet VPNGRE, IPSec, MPLS

Service Architectures VPN-enablingTechnologies

L2TP, IPSec,PPTP

Network Overlays:•IP Tunnels•Virtual Circuits

Network-BasedPeering:

•MPLS-VPN

333333

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0 0.1 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5

Km

Mbit/s

Mbit/s

Mbit/s

Mbit/s

Cable ModemFrame Relay

ADSLPON

VDSL

1000 Mbit/s

Access Technologies- Distance

SDH Dedicated linesMbit/s 155Mbit/s 100

GE LXGE SX

∼∼

∼∼

Shared Wireless LANMbit/s

Mbit/s10BASE TX

100BASE TX

100BASE FL

100BASE SX

343434

Business Customers:Data (VPN) ServiceIP-VPN (MPLS-VPN)

CustomerPremises

CustomerPremises

POPPOP CORENetworkCORE

NetworkAccess

NetworkAccess

NetworkCPE

(CE router)CPE

(CE router)

IP/Ethernet or IP/ATM or IP/FR

MPLS CORE


Customer Network

Customer Network

Customer Network

PE routere.g. POS

353535

VPN-IP Address Format

VPN-ID IP Address/Mask Length

0.1.0.990.1.0.99 130.101.0.0/16130.101.0.0/16

General Format

VPN-IPv4 Example

• VPN-ID is a 64-bit customer identifier

Never carried on packets, only in Label tables

Two formats (Autonomous System No./ subfield) or(IP Address/ subfield)

• Each customer network can use

Registered IP addresses

Illegal, unregistered addresses

Private addresses (RFC 1918), e.g. 10.x.x.x

363636

Business Customers:Voice (PBX interconnection) ServiceInterconnection through Leased Line

Customer Premises

Customer Premises

AccessNetwork(s)

AccessNetwork(s)CPECPE


PBXPBX

PBXPBX

TDMMUX

TDM transport

TDMMUX

PSTN

373737

Business Customers:Voice (PBX interconnection) ServiceInterconnection through VoIP

AccessNetworkAccess

Network


Customer Premises

Customer Premises CPECPE

PBXPBX

PBXPBX

V

V



Network

IP Transport

e.g. POS

383838

Business Customers:Voice; Data VPN; Internet AccessVoice VPN with Leased Line+Data VPN with FR

CPECPE POPPOP CORECORE

Customer Network

Frame Relay ATM

CustomerPremises

CustomerPremises

Customer Network

AccessNetworks

AccessNetworks

Customer Network

PBXPBX

PBXPBXTDMMUX

TDM transport

TDMMUX

TDM transport

Internet

393939

PSTN

Business Customers:Voice; Data VPN; Internet AccessIntegrated Access with MPLS-VPN and H.323 VoIP


NetworkAccess

NetworkAccess

NetworkCPECPE


MPLS CORE +H.323 Gatekeepers


PE routerCustomer Network

CustomerPremises

CustomerPremises

Customer Network

Customer Network

PBXPBX

PBXPBX

V

V

Internet

V

Voice Gateway

service provider architectures

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