service-oriented communities: a novel organizational architecture for smarter systems and...
TRANSCRIPT
Service-oriented Communities:
A Novel Organizational Architecturefor Smarter
Systems and Organizations
Vincenzo De FlorioECCO research group, Univ. of Brussels; MOSAIC group, Univ.
of Antwerp — Belgium
Times, they are a-changin’…
Less resources
Higherrequestpeaks
Highernumber
of users…
ICT
Energyproduction &distribution
Enterprises
Transportof goods& people
Water treatment& distribution
Healthcare
Crisismanagement
With the meter in the red zone…• …organizations that
appeared to work fine reveal their limitations!– cost too much – use up too many resources– do not scale well– intolerable to changes– fail to address new aspects
→ Traditional approaches are reaching structural limits.
Questions and challenges • Is there a "smarter way"?• How do we address big societal
problems (healthcare, crisis mgmt...)?• How do we rethink our organizations?
Which model, approach, software...?
1. Major stance2. Two cases 3. Analysis4. Models5. Results
This ppt
It is the "axioms"that make up the system...
• "Regardless of its nature, any system is affected by its design assumptions. Our organizations and services are no exception" (How Resilient Are Our Societies? https://goo.gl/ftpFVo)
• New axioms are needed!– “Wrong” assumptions ⇒ inefficiency & fragility– In what follows: two examples
Healthcare "axioms" (1/2)• Caregiver = producer of
care products• Care receiver =
consumer = "destroyer" of resources
• Producer and customer are not in touch, except during the "transactions"
• No value co-creation• What do those axioms produce ?
• Caregiver = producer ofcare products
• Care receiver = consumer = "destroyer" of resources
• Producer and customer are not in touch, except during the "transactions"
• No value co-creation• What do those axioms produce ?
Axioms of aProduct Dominant Logic!
re: FI-PA194
Shortage of resources!→ A subset of the
social actors serves the whole set• Growing
population + progressive aging⇒ shrinking of the service providers subset→ Fragile society,
unable to serve its citizens
Shortage of resources!→ A subset of the
social actors serves the whole set• Growing
population + progressive aging⇒ shrinking of the service providers subset→ Fragile society,
unable to serve its citizens
• "We are greatly frustrated by all our local, static organization of an obsolete yesterday."
Richard Buckminster Fuller,Synergetics I
Who was affected
People:Individuals, families,neighbors...
Private organizations:Business orgs, communities
State organi-zations:Depts ofemergencymanagement /Offices of emergency servicesBudget (e.g.,
California) >$80M/y (590 people)
Who was affected
Dept of HomelandSecurity(created in 2001; abso- rbed FEMA in 2003)
Requested budget (2016): $64.9B
The farther,the costlier
Who was affected
How did it fare?PeoplePrivate orgsLocal emergencyresponse orgsState emergencyresponse orgsFederal emergency
Dept of HomelandSecurity
Privatecircles
Institu-tional
respon-ders
WHY?
Productdominant logic
Private circles: passive
consumers of "rescue
products"
passiveside
2) Value is notco-created
activeside
1) "Clients" & "Providers"are in touch only when
the "product" needsto be consumed
No collaborative sharing ofknowledge and resources
Productdominant logic
Rigid hierarchy:No inter-circle
value co-creation
Roles and values:predefined and static
No collaborative sharing ofknowledge and resources
Plastic, fragileorganizations
Productdominant logic
Rigid hierarchy:No inter-circle
value co-creation
Roles and values:predefined and static
Official cause:Institutional-
only response!“[Responders] would have been
able to do more if the tri-level system (city, state, federal) of
emergency response was able to effectively use, collaborate with,
and coordinate the combined public and private efforts.
How to do so [...] is a central task of enhancing community
resilience.”CARRI 3 Tech Report
Institutional-only response!
“[Responders] would have been able to do more if the tri-level system (city, state, federal) of
emergency response was able to effectively use, collaborate with,
and coordinate the combined public and private efforts.
How to do so [...] is a central task of enhancing community
resilience.”CARRI 3 Tech Report
Community resilience: response=co-creation + co-evolution
Lessons learned• Traditional organizations: Product
Predominant Logic – Static definition of providers and suppliers; of
values; of hierarchical roles (⇒ distinction between institutional and spontaneous responses)
• New "axioms" are required! →From the "local, static organization of an
obsolete yesterday" to an interconnected, dynamic, smarter organization matching our turbulent, resource-scarce new times!
Axiom #1: Society• Society should be part of the solution• Society ≡ abundant "pool" of mobile “resources” able to exercise complex action
• Challenge: to engineer ways to tap into the nearly unlimited source of social energy of our societies
– cf. VLIR-UOS project SELFSERV, just launched (http://goo.gl/yXi5Ju)
Axiom #2: Smart, service-based• We need "smarter" systems: systems based on
service science and service systems engineering
• Service system engineering: optimally organizing resources: "dynamic configurations of people, technologies, organizations and shared information that create and deliver value to customers, providers and other stakeholders" [IBM, 2008]
⇒
Axiom #2: Smart, service-based• We need "smarter" systems: systems based on
service science and service systems engineering
• Service system engineering: optimally organizing resources: "dynamic configurations of people, technologies, organizations and shared information that create and deliver value to customers, providers and other stakeholders" [IBM, 2008]
⇒vs. static
Axiom #2: Smart, service-based• We need "smarter" systems: systems based on
service science and service systems engineering
• Service system engineering: optimally organizing resources: "dynamic configurations of people, technologies, organizations and shared information that create and deliver value to customers, providers and other stakeholders" [IBM, 2008]
⇒vs. static
"live" vs. local (& stale!)
Axiom #2: Smart, service-based• We need "smarter" systems: systems based on
service science and service systems engineering
• Service system engineering: optimally organizing resources: "dynamic configurations of people, technologies, organizations and shared information that create and deliver value to customers, providers and other stakeholders" [IBM, 2008]– "A body of knowledge that describes, explains,
predicts, and improves value co-creation between interacting entities" [Sun, 2012]
⇒vs. static
"live" vs. local (& stale!)
Axiom #3: Metarchies• We need METARCHIES: better-than-
hierarchies!–Organizations that match better
with service dominant logic–Functioning as catalysts of value
creation:≡ Identifying & manifesting
value propositions–Not imposing predefined, static roles–Managing "dynamic configurations of
people, technologies, organizations and shared information"
⇒
35
Service provider Service client
Service registry
Publish Discover
Bind
Servicedescription
A new model: theservice-oriented community
Starting point: classic SoA pattern
Party Party
Service registry
Servicedescription
Publish Publish
Bind
Reasoning & coordinationIndividual &
social concernsoptimization
CapabilitiesPoliciesAvailabilityLocation…
Events
PeopleCyber-Phys.S.Organizations
Catalyst party
Catalyst: "a person or thing that precipitates an event"; "an agent that provokes or speeds significant change or action"
A new model: theservice-oriented community
(De Florio &Blondia, 2010)
⇒ VALUE CO-CREATION
Party Party
= Provide
= Request
Catalyst
publish
publishunderstand
propose
CO-CREATE
propose: socialtranslucence
(Kellogg, 2006)
Dual service system
Party Party
= Provide
= Request
Catalyst
publish
publishunderstand
propose
CO-CREATE
⇒
Mary Ann
I’d like to walk w/some
one!
I’d like to chat w/some
one!
Semantic catalyst
Semantic catalyst == trigger for synergetic cooperation⇒
•"Adaptive Service Orchestration in Ambient Assisted Living" (Hong Sun, 2006-2011)
Service systems engineering; integration of human services for ambient assisted living; optimally organize resources. Semantic service description & matching. SimulationsMy role: director of studies, supervisor, initiator
•IBM Service Innovation Student Contest 2007, number one winner (BeNeLux)•IBM Ph.D. Fellowship (2009; only fellowship awarded to a Belgian doctoral student in 2009)
Prototypic implementation:Mutual Assistance Community
• Complement existing healthcare orgs• Organize intelligent responses to AAL scenarios• Optimally orchestrate devices & beings • Not just safety nets:–Reducing social isolation of elderly people–Reducing costs, best utilizing the social resources
Service systemengineering⇒
Prototypic implementation:Mutual Assistance Community
Service-oriented Communities:pluses and minuses
+ Exploits social energy (See Axiom #1)+ dual service systems
+ Service-, semantic-based (Axiom #2)+ Simulations prove effectiveness+ Value co-creation via social translucence
[ - Social translucence: (Kellogg/IBM, 2006) - Mathematical model in my latest paper, "Fractal social organization as a foundation to pervasive social computing services": https://arxiv.org/abs/1601.01222 ]
Service-oriented Communities:pluses and minuses
–Not a metarchy (Axiom #3)–Centralized: single-points-of-failure & -
congestion
bottleneck!
Service-oriented Communities:pluses and minuses
–Not a metarchy (Axiom #3)–Centralized: single-points-of-failure & -
congestion–Single-level ⇒ does not match well
multi-level organizations (e.g., crisis management organizations)
• How to deal with the minuses?
Party Party
Service registry
Servicedescription
Publis
h PublishReasoning & coordination
Catalyst party
Enhancedservice-oriented community
PartyParty PartyParty
1) From dual service system to N-service system
Party Party
Service registry
Servicedescription
Publis
h PublishReasoning & coordination
"There'sfire here!"
Catalyst party
Enhancedservice-oriented community
PartyParty PartyParty
2) Events trigger protocols, e.g. FIRE(firesquad, firetruck,driver, extinguishers)
Fire event ⇒FIRE() protocol
Party Party
Service registry
Servicedescription
Publis
h PublishReasoning & coordination
3) Catalystlocates actorswilling & ableto play roles:
firesquad,firetruck, driver,extinguishers
CapabilitiesPoliciesAvailabilityLocation…
PeopleCyber-Phys.S.Organizations
Catalyst party
Enhancedservice-oriented community
PartyParty PartyParty
Fire event ⇒FIRE() protocol
Party Party
Service registry
Servicedescription
Publis
h PublishReasoning & coordination
Catalyst party
Enhancedservice-oriented community
PartyParty PartyParty
4) If all roles are found, protocol is "fired"and value is co-created
Party Party
Service registry
Servicedescription
Publis
h PublishReasoning & coordination
Catalyst party
Enhancedservice-oriented community
PartyParty PartyParty
4) If all roles are found, protocol is "fired"and value is co-created
Big IF...
Party Party
Service registry
Servicedescription
Publis
h PublishReasoning & coordination
Catalyst party
PartyParty PartyParty
5) If NOT ALL roles are found, a new event is generatedin the community the Catalyst is a member of
Publis
h EXCEPTION(FIRE, driver)
PeopleCyber-Phys.S.Organizations
Party PartyPartyParty PartyParty
PartyParty PartyPartyParty PartyParty
PartyParty PartyPartyParty PartyParty
Party
Party PartyPartyParty PartyParty
Party
Party PartyPartyParty PartyParty
Party PartyPartyParty PartyParty
Party
PartyPartyPartyPartyPartyPartyPartyPartyParty
PartyPartyParty
Party PartyPartyParty PartyParty
PartyParty PartyPartyParty PartyParty
PartyParty PartyPartyParty PartyParty
Party
Party PartyPartyParty PartyParty
Party
Party PartyPartyParty PartyParty
Party PartyPartyParty PartyParty
Party
PartyPartyPartyPartyPartyPartyPartyPartyParty
PartyPartyParty
FIRE(r1, r2, r3, r4, r5)
5-service system todeal with a "Fire"
event
Organization identifies a complex opportunity for value co-creation:
Applications, studies, and results
• "Models and Concepts for Socio- technical Complex Systems: Towards Fractal Social Organizations" http://bit.ly/1o63TEj• Geometrical and audio representations–Modularity–Self-similarity–Fractal dimension!–2013 IBM Faculty Award
http://goo.gl/vO8RKj
1) Formal model
–Flemish project–Low-cost non-intrusive telemonitoring solution–Multi-tier distributed architecture–Specially designed low-resolution sensors
Applications, studies, and results2) Little Sister
Laye
r 0(R
aw
com
po-
nent
s)
ElectronicHealth
Records
...U
pper
la
yers
...La
yer 1
(S
mar
t R
oom
s)
Laye
r 2
(Sm
art
Flat
s)
Laye
r 3
(Sm
art B
uild
ings
)Little Sister's sw architecture
• Services structured within hierarchical federation reflecting structure of deployment environment• All resources wrapped as manageable
web services• Standard pub-sub mechanism• Seamless integration w/ external apps• Each service group hosts a catalyst
(middleware component)
Applications, studies, and results2) Little Sister
• Aim: measure the potential of "new axioms" (service-orientation, social energy, metarchies)• Case study: falls detection– Two falls detectors coupled with a cloud of "verificators" (volunteers that tell whether a fall was real or not)
• Approach: NetLogo model, written by a M.Sc. student– IEEE Conf. paper, ACM Conf. paper
Applications, studies, and results3) Multi-agent simulation
Conclusions• Novel "axioms" to create "smarter"
systems– Shift from a Product Dominant Logic to a
Service Dominant Logic– Social energy–Metarchies of catalysts: discoverers and
proposers of value (win-win's!)• Future work: e2e-referral– Enterprise orchestrates optimal value
propositions– Enterprise takes responsibility: the user is
not left alone
Conclusions• Novel "axioms" to create "smarter"
systems– Shift from a Product Dominant Logic to a
Service Dominant Logic– Social energy–Metarchies of catalysts: discoverers and
proposers of value (win-win's!)• Future work: e2e-referral– Enterprise orchestrates optimal value
propositions– Enterprise takes responsibility: the user is
not left alone
"How Resilient Are Our Societies?Analyses, Models, and Preliminary Results"
https://goo.gl/ftpFVo
Other results
• 2013 IBM Faculty Award (two in BE)• 2009 IBM Fellowship (only in BE)• 2008 FITCE.be "best young enterpreneur"• 2007 IBM Student context: best BeNeLux
• I'm a good catalyst myself ;-)
Possible R&E overlaps
Service ecologySystems analysis
Communityresilience
Service analysis/modeling
Resilience /antifragility
Pervasive socialcomputing
Semantics modeling
Service evolution
Economics ofinformation