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DService ManualTrucks
Group 28MID 128 Fault Code Guide
2007 EmissionsVN, VHD VERSION2, VT
PV776-20184635
DForeword
The descriptions and service procedures contained in this manual are based on designsand methods studies carried out up to October 2008.
The products are under continuous development. Vehicles and components producedafter the above date may therefore have different specifications and repair methods.When this is believed to have a significant bearing on this manual, supplementaryservice bulletins will be issued to cover the changes.
The new edition of this manual will update the changes.
In service procedures where the title incorporates an operation number, this is areference to an V.S.T. (Volvo Standard Times).
Service procedures which do not include an operation number in the title are for generalinformation and no reference is made to an V.S.T.
Each section of this manual contains specific safety information and warnings whichmust be reviewed before performing any procedure. If a printed copy of a procedure ismade, be sure to also make a printed copy of the safety information and warnings thatrelate to that procedure. The following levels of observations, cautions and warningsare used in this Service Documentation:
Note: Indicates a procedure, practice, or condition that must be followed in order to havethe vehicle or component function in the manner intended.
Caution: Indicates an unsafe practice where damage to the product could occur.
Warning: Indicates an unsafe practice where personal injury or severe damage to theproduct could occur.
Danger: Indicates an unsafe practice where serious personal injury or death could occur.
Volvo Truck North America a division of Volvo Group NorthAmerica, Inc.
Greensboro, NC USA
Order number: PV776-20184635Repl: This Service Manual replaces Manual 28 "Fault Code Guide 2007 Emissions" (7.2007) Publication no.
PV776–20113992.
© 2008 Volvo Truck North America a division of Volvo Group North America, Inc., Greensboro, NC USA
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored inretrieval system, or transmitted in any forms by any means, electronic,mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior writtenpermission of Volvo Truck North America a division of Volvo Group NorthAmerica, Inc.
USA32772.ihval
DContentsGROUP 28 ............................................................................................ 3
Design and Function ........................................................................... 3Engine Control System ........................................................................ 3
Troubleshooting ................................................................................... 11Engine ECU, Fault Tracing ................................................................... 11MID 128 PID 26 Fan Speed Percent .................................................... 14MID 128 PID 45 Preheater Relay ........................................................ 14MID 128 PID 81 Particulate Filter ........................................................ 15MID 128 PID 84 Vehicle Speed ........................................................... 15MID 128 PID 85 Cruise Control Status ................................................ 15MID 128 PID 91 Accelerator Pedal Position ........................................ 16MID 128 PID 94 Fuel Delivery Pressure .............................................. 16MID 128 PID 97 Water in Fuel Indicator .............................................. 17MID 128 PID 98 Engine Oil Level ........................................................ 17MID 128 PID 100 Engine Oil Pressure ................................................ 18MID 128 PID 102 Intake Manifold Pressure ......................................... 19MID 128 PID 103 Turbo Speed ............................................................ 20MID 128 PID 105 Intake Manifold Temperature ................................... 21MID 128 PID 108 Atmospheric Pressure ............................................. 22MID 128 PID 110 Coolant Temperature ............................................... 23MID 128 PID 111 Coolant Level .......................................................... 24MID 128 PID 153 Crankcase Pressure ................................................ 25MID 128 PID 171 Ambient Temperature .............................................. 26MID 128 PID 173 Exhaust Temperature .............................................. 26MID 128 PID 175 Engine Oil Temperature .......................................... 27MID 128 PID 354 Relative Humidity .................................................... 28MID 128 PID 411 EGR Exhaust Back Pressure .................................. 29MID 128 PID 412 EGR Temperature ................................................... 30MID 128 PPID 35 EGR Mass Flow ...................................................... 31MID 128 PPID 89 Variable Geometry Turbocharger Smart RemoteActuator Temperature .......................................................................... 31MID 128 PPID 122 Engine Compression Brake .................................. 32MID 128 PPID 270 NOx Sensor .......................................................... 33MID 128 PPID 272 Air Pressure Compensation .................................. 34MID 128 PPID 326 Soot Level ............................................................. 34MID 128 PPID 328 Aftertreatment Injection Shutoff Valve .................. 35MID 128 PPID 329 Aftertreatment Fuel Injector .................................. 35MID 128 PPID 330 DRV ...................................................................... 36MID 128 PPID 337 Ash Level .............................................................. 37MID 128 PPID 387 Temperature Sensor, Catalytic Converter ............. 37MID 128 PPID 436 Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor 3 ..................... 38MID 128 PPID 437 Aftertreatment Injector Fuel Pressure Sensor ...... 39MID 128 PSID 47 Particulate Trap Regeneration ................................ 40MID 128 PSID 98 Boost Air System .................................................... 40MID 128 PSID 108 Aftertreatment Injection System ........................... 41MID 128 PSID 109 Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor .................... 42MID 128 SID 1/2/3/4/5/6 Unit Injector .................................................. 43MID 128 SID 18 Drain Valve, Water Separator .................................... 44MID 128 SID 21 Engine Position Timing Sensor ................................. 45MID 128 SID 22 Engine Speed Sensor ............................................... 46MID 128 SID 27 Variable Geometry Turbocharger .............................. 47MID 128 SID 33 Fan Control ................................................................ 48
1
DMID 128 SID 70 Preheater Element 1 ................................................. 48MID 128 SID 71 Preheater Element 2 ................................................. 49MID 128 SID 146 EGR Valve 1 ............................................................ 49MID 128 SID 211 5 Volt DC Supply ..................................................... 50MID 128 SID 230 Idle Validation Switch 1 ........................................... 50MID 128 SID 232 5 Volt DC Supply to Sensor ..................................... 51
2
DGroup 28 Design and Function
Group 28Design and Function
Engine Control SystemThe “Premium Tech Tool” (PTT) is the preferredtool for performing diagnostic work. Contactyour local dealer for more information or visit“www.premiumtechtool.com”.
System OverviewFive electronic control modules are used; the EngineManagement System (EMS) Module, Instrument ClusterModule (ICM), Vehicle Electronic Control Unit (VECU),Transmission Electronic Control Unit (TECU) andthe Gear Selector Electronic Control Unit (GSECU).Together, these modules operate and communicatethrough the J1939 high speed serial data line to controla variety of engine and vehicle cab functions. TheEngine Management System (EMS) Module controlsfuel timing and delivery, fan operation, engine protectionfunctions, engine brake operation, the EGR valve, and theturbocharger nozzle. The Vehicle Electronic Control Unit(VECU) controls cruise control functions, accessory relaycontrols and idle shutdown functions. The InstrumentCluster Module (ICM) primarily displays operationalparameters and communicates these to the other ECU’s.All have the capability to communicate over the J1587normal speed data lines primarily for programming,diagnostics and data reporting.
In addition to their control functions, the moduleshave on-board diagnostic capabilities. The on-boarddiagnostics are designed to detect faults or abnormalconditions that are not within normal operatingparameters. When the system detects a fault or abnormalcondition, the fault will be logged in one or both of themodules’ memory, the vehicle operator will be advisedthat a fault has occurred by illumination a malfunctionindicator lamp and a message in the driver informationdisplay, if equipped. The module may initiate the engineshutdown procedure if the system determines that thefault could damage the engine.
In some situations when a fault is detected, the systemwill enter the "limp home" mode. The limp home modeallows continued vehicle operation but the system maysubstitute a sensor or signal value that may result inpoor performance. In some instances, the system willcontinue to function but engine power may be limited toprotect the engine and vehicle. Fault codes logged in thesystem memory can later be read, to aid in diagnosingthe faults, with a diagnostic computer or through theinstrument cluster display, if equipped. When diagnosing
an intermittent code or condition, it may be necessaryto use a diagnostic computer connected to the SerialCommunication Port.
Additional data and diagnostic tests are availablewhen a diagnostic computer is connected to the SerialCommunication Port.
For diagnostic software, contact your local dealer.
The Vehicle Electronic Control Unit (VECU) is mountedon a panel below the top dash access panel in the centerof the dash on conventional models. The VECU is amicroprocessor based controller programmed to performseveral functions, these include:
• Driver controls• Vehicle and engine speed controls• Starter control• Cab power• Idle controls• Broadcasting data on the serial data lines• Trip data logging• Diagnostic fault logging and password processing
The VECU performs these functions by monitoring thesignals from sensors and switches, and data receivedover the serial data lines from the other ECU’s. TheVECU directly monitors the Throttle Position (TP) Sensorand Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS).
The VECU also monitors the position or state of a numberof switches to perform its control and diagnostic functions.They are:
• A/C Pressure Switch• Air Suspension Height Control Switch• Differential Lock Switch• Engine Brake Switches• Ignition Key Switch• PTO Switches (if equipped)• Service and Park Brake Switches• Speed Control Switches (Set/Decel, Resume/Accel)• 5th Wheel Slide Switch
3
DGroup 28 Design and Function
The EMS is a microprocessor based controllerprogrammed to perform fuel injection quantity and timingcontrol, diagnostic fault logging, and to broadcast data toother modules. The fuel quantity and injection timing toeach cylinder is precisely controlled to obtain optimal fueleconomy and reduced exhaust emissions in all drivingsituations.
The EMS controls the operation of the Electronic UnitInjectors (EUIs), engine brake solenoid, EGR valve,turbocharger nozzle position, and cooling fan clutchbased on input information it receives over the serial datalines and from the following sensors:
• Ambient Air Temperature Sensor• Ambient Pressure sensor• Boost Air Pressure (BAP) Sensor• Camshaft Position (Engine Position) Sensor• Cooling Fan Speed (CFS) Sensor• Crankshaft Position (Engine Speed) Sensor• Differential Pressure DPF Sensor• EGR Differential Pressure Sensor• EGR Temperature Sensor
• Engine Coolant Level (ECL) Sensor• Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor• Engine Oil Pressure (EOP) Sensor• Engine Oil Level (EOL) Sensor• Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor• Exhaust Temperature Sensor (DPF Sensors)• Fuel Pressure Sensor• Intake Air Temperature And Humidity (IATH) Sensor• Intake Manifold (Boost) Temperature Sensor• Throttle Position (TP) Sensor• Turbo Speed Sensor• Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT) Position
Sensor
The Vehicle Electronic Control Unit (VECU) and EngineManagement System (EMS) Module are dependent oneach other to perform their specific control functions. Inaddition to switch and sensor data the broadcast of databetween modules also includes various calculations andconclusions each module has developed, based on theinput information it has received.
4
DGroup 28 Design and Function
SensorsAmbient Air Temperature SensorThe Ambient Air Temperature Sensor is used to detect theoutside air temperature. The sensor modifies a voltagesignal from the ECM. The modified signal returns to theECM as the ambient air temperature. The sensor uses athermistor that is sensitive to the change in temperature.The electrical resistance of the thermistor decreases astemperature increases.
The Ambient Air Temperature Sensor is located in thefront of the vehicle.
Ambient (Atmospheric) Pressure SensorThe Ambient (Atmospheric) Pressure Sensor contains apressure sensitive diaphragm and an electrical amplifier.Mechanical pressure applied to the diaphragm causesthe diaphragm to deflect and the amplifier to produce anelectrical signal proportional to the deflection.
The Ambient (Atmospheric) Pressure Sensor is built intothe Engine Management System (EMS) Module.
Camshaft Position SensorThe Camshaft Position (Engine Position) Sensor islocated in the rear face of the timing gear cover at therear of the engine, near the bottom of the valve cover. Ituses magnetic induction to generate a pulsed electricalsignal. It senses the passage of seven (7) timing bumpson the edge of the camshaft dampener. Six of the holescorrespond to the phasing of the electronic unit injectors,while the seventh hole indicates the top dead centerposition.
Cooling Fan Speed (CFS) SensorOn engines with an electronically controlled viscous fandrive, the electronic fan drive contains a Hall effect speedsensor. When the engine is running, a series of vanes inthe fan drive housing rotates past a magnet in the fandrive solenoid generating a pulsed voltage signal. TheEngine Management System (EMS) Module monitorsthe status if the air conditioning system and signals fromthe Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor, theEngine Oil Temperature (EOT) Sensor, and the EngineSpeed/Timing (RPM/TDC) Sensor and calculates theoptimal cooling fan speed.
The Cooling Fan Speed Sensor is located in the fan driveon the front of the engine.
5
DGroup 28 Design and Function
Crankshaft Position (Engine Speed) SensorThe Crankshaft Position (Engine Speed) Sensor usesmagnetic induction to generate a pulsed electrical signal.Notches are machined into the edge of the flywheel.When one of the notches passes close to the sensor,electric pulses result.
The Crankshaft Position (Engine Speed) Sensor alsoindicates when the crankshaft is at the top dead centerposition.
Differential Pressure DP SensorThe differential pressure sensor is used for flowmeasurement of the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF). Thissensor has two pressure ports and senses the differencein pressure between the two ports. Measurement of thepressure before and after the DPF is used to calculatediesel filter regeneration.
The Differential Pressure DPF Sensor is located on theside of the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF).
EGR Differential Pressure SensorThe EGR differential pressure sensor is used for flowmeasurement of the Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)valve. This sensor has two pressure ports and sensesthe difference in pressure between the two ports.Measurement of the pressure before and after the EGRvalve is used to calculate EGR flow.
The EGR Differential Pressure Sensor is located on theleft or right side of the engine.
EGR Temperature SensorThe EGR temperature sensor detects exhaust gastemperature for EGR system. The sensor modifies avoltage signal from the control unit. The modified signalreturns to the control unit as the exhaust temperatureof the EGR system to confirm EGR operation. Thesensor uses a thermistor that is sensitive to the changein temperature.
The EGR Temperature Sensor is located near the EGRvalve.
Engine Coolant Level (ECL) SensorThe Engine Coolant Level (ECL) Sensor is a switch. Ifengine coolant level falls below a calibrated point thecontacts open and the driver will be notified of the lowcoolant level.
The Engine Coolant Level (ECL) Sensor is located in thecooling system reservoir tank.
6
DGroup 28 Design and Function
Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) SensorThe Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor is located atthe front of the engine. The sensor will indicate a highcoolant temperature caused by problems like radiatorblockage, thermostat failure, heavy load, or high ambienttemperatures. This sensor is also used for cold startenhancement and for fan clutch engagement.
Engine Oil Pressure (EOP) SensorThe Engine Oil Pressure Sensor contains a pressuresensitive diaphragm and a electrical amplifier. Mechanicalpressure applied to the diaphragm causes the diaphragmto deflect and the amplifier to produce an electrical signalproportional to the deflection.
The Engine Oil Pressure Sensor is located on the oil filterassembly. The sensor monitors engine oil pressure towarn of lubrication system failure.
Engine Oil Level (EOL) SensorThe Engine Oil Level Sensor is located in the oil pan.
Engine Oil Temperature (EOT) SensorThe Engine Oil Temperature Sensor is a thermistorwhose resistance varies inversely to temperature. Thesensor has a negative temperature coefficient, whichmeans the sensor resistance will decrease as the engineoil temperature increases.
The Engine Oil Temperature Sensor is located in the oilpan.
Exhaust Temperature Sensor (DPF Sensors)The exhaust gas temperature sensor detects exhaustgas temperature for DPF protection as well as DPFregeneration control. The sensor modifies a voltagesignal from the control unit. The modified signal returns tothe control unit as the exhaust temperature at that specificlocation of the exhaust. The sensor uses a thermistor thatis sensitive to the change in temperature.
The Exhaust Temperature Sensors are located in theDPF assembly.
Fuel Pressure SensorThe fuel pressure sensor contains a diaphragm thatsenses fuel pressure. A pressure change causes thediaphragm to flex, inducing a stress or strain in thediaphragm. The resistor values in the sensor change inproportion to the stress applied to the diaphragm andproduces an electrical output.
The Fuel Pressure Sensor is located on top of the fuelfilter housing.
7
DGroup 28 Design and Function
Intake Air Temperature and Humidity (IATH) SensorThe Intake Air Temperature and Humidity (IATH)Sensor contains a thermistor and a capacitive sensor.The resistance of the thermistor varies inversely totemperature. The output of the capacitive sensorincreases as the humidity of the surrounding air increases.By monitoring the signals from both portions of thesensor, the Engine Management System (EMS) Modulecalculates the temperature and humidity of the air passingthrough the air filter housing.
The Intake Air Temperature and Humidity (IATH) Sensoris located in the air intake tube just downstream from theair filter canister.
Intake Manifold (Boost) Temperature SensorThe Intake Manifold (Boost) Temperature Sensor isa thermistor whose resistance varies inversely totemperature. The sensor has a negative temperaturecoefficient, which means the sensor resistance willdecrease as the inlet air temperature increases.
The Intake Manifold (Boost) Temperature Sensor islocated in the intake manifold.
Intake Manifold Pressure SensorThe Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor contains apressure sensitive diaphragm and an electrical amplifier.Mechanical pressure applied to the diaphragm causesthe diaphragm to deflect and the amplifier to produce anelectrical signal proportional to the deflection.
The Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor is located on the airinlet pipe before the intake manifold.
Throttle Position (TP) SensorThe Throttle Position Sensor is a potentiometer thatis mechanically linked to the accelerator pedal. Apotentiometer is a variable resistor whose resistancewill change as the pedal is pressed. As the resistancechanges, the signal voltage of the sensor changesindicating the accelerator pedal position.
The Throttle Position Sensor is located above theaccelerator pedal. The sensor is designed to improve thedriver’s control by reducing sensitivity to chassis motion.This sensor provides the driver’s fuel request input to theVECU.
Turbo Speed SensorThe Turbo Speed Sensor informs the EMS of the turboshaft speed. The sensor does not read from the vanes,but reads from the shaft. The Engine ManagementSystem (EMS) Module uses this signal in conjunction withthe VGT position sensor signal to control the speed of theturbocharger and therefore optimize the intake manifoldpressure.
The Turbo Speed Sensor is mounted in the center of theturbocharger.
8
DGroup 28 Design and Function
Variable Geometry Turbocharger Smart Remote Actuator (VGT SRA)The Variable Geometry Turbocharger Smart RemoteActuator (VGT SRA) takes the position commands fromthe EMS, moves the nozzle of the turbocharger to thedesired position, and performs all of the diagnostics andself checks on the actuator.
9
D
10
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting
Engine ECU, Fault TracingThe “Premium Tech Tool” (PTT) is the preferredtool for performing diagnostic work. Contactyour local dealer for more information or visit“www.premiumtechtool.com”.
The control units on the information link communicateaccording to the SAE J1587 standard. The standardhas been extended with Volvo’s own supplement(PPID, PSID). The fault codes set by the control unitscontain information that is described by the followingabbreviations.
MID Message Identification Description:Identification of a control unit.
PID Parameter Identification Description:Identification of a parameter (value).
PPID Proprietary Parameter IdentificationDescription Volvo:Unique identification of a parameter(value).
SID Subsystem Identification Description:Identification of a component.
PSID Proprietary Subsystem IdentificationDescription Volvo:Unique identification of a component.
FMI Failure Mode Identifier:Identification of fault types.
FMI Table
FMI Display Text SAE Text
0 Value to high Data valid, but above the normal working range
1 Value too low Data valid, but below the normal working range
2 Incorrect data Intermittent or incorrect data
3 Electrical fault Abnormally high voltage or short circuit to higher voltage
4 Electrical fault Abnormally low voltage or short circuit to lower voltage
5 Electrical fault Abnormally low current or open circuit
6 Electrical fault Abnormally high current or short circuit to ground
7 Mechanical fault Incorrect response from a mechanical system
8 Mechanical or electrical fault Abnormal frequency
9 Communication fault Abnormal update rate
10 Mechanical or electrical fault Abnormally strong vibrations
11 Unknown fault Non-identifiable fault
12 Component fault Faulty unit or component
13 Incorrect calibration Calibration values outside limits
14 Unknown fault Special instructions
15 Unknown fault Reserved for future use
11
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
Engine ECU, Fault TracingPID“MID 128 PID 26 Fan Speed Percent” page 14
“MID 128 PID 45 Preheater Relay” page 14
“MID 128 PID 81 Particulate Filter” page 15
“MID 128 PID 84 Vehicle Speed” page 15
“MID 128 PID 85 Cruise Control Status” page 15
“MID 128 PID 91 Accelerator Pedal Position” page 16
“MID 128 PID 94 Fuel Delivery Pressure” page 16
“MID 128 PID 97 Water in Fuel Indicator” page 17
“MID 128 PID 98 Engine Oil Level” page 17
“MID 128 PID 100 Engine Oil Pressure” page 18
“MID 128 PID 102 Intake Manifold Pressure” page 19
“MID 128 PID 103 Turbo Speed” page 20
“MID 128 PID 105 Intake Manifold Temperature” page 21
“MID 128 PID 108 Atmospheric Pressure” page 22
“MID 128 PID 110 Coolant Temperature” page 23
“MID 128 PID 111 Coolant Level” page 24
“MID 128 PID 153 Crankcase Pressure” page 25
“MID 128 PID 171 Ambient Temperature” page 26
“MID 128 PID 173 Exhaust Temperature” page 26
“MID 128 PID 175 Engine Oil Temperature” page 27
“MID 128 PID 354 Relative Humidity” page 28
“MID 128 PID 411 EGR Exhaust Back Pressure” page 29
“MID 128 PID 412 EGR Temperature” page 30
PPID“MID 128 PPID 35 EGR Mass Flow” page 31
“MID 128 PPID 89 Variable Geometry Turbocharger Smart Remote Actuator Temperature” page 31
“MID 128 PPID 122 Engine Compression Brake” page 32
“MID 128 PPID 270 NOx Sensor” page 33
“MID 128 PPID 326 Soot Level” page 34
“MID 128 PPID 272 Air Pressure Compensation” page 34
“MID 128 PPID 328 Aftertreatment Injection Shutoff Valve” page 35
“MID 128 PPID 329 Aftertreatment Fuel Injector” page 35
“MID 128 PPID 330 DRV” page 36
“MID 128 PPID 337 Ash Level” page 37
“MID 128 PPID 387 Temperature Sensor, Catalytic Converter” page 37
“MID 128 PPID 436 Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor 3” page 38
“MID 128 PPID 437 Aftertreatment Injector Fuel Pressure Sensor” page 39
12
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
PSID“MID 128 PSID 47 Particulate Trap Regeneration” page 40
“MID 128 PSID 98 Boost Air System” page 40
“MID 128 PSID 108 Aftertreatment Injection System” page 41
“MID 128 PSID 109 Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor” page 42
SID“MID 128 SID 1/2/3/4/5/6 Unit Injector” page 43
“MID 128 SID 18 Drain Valve, Water Separator” page 44
“MID 128 SID 21 Engine Position Timing Sensor” page 45
“MID 128 SID 22 Engine Speed Sensor” page 46
“MID 128 SID 27 Variable Geometry Turbocharger” page 47
“MID 128 SID 33 Fan Control” page 48
“MID 128 SID 70 Preheater Element 1” page 48
“MID 128 SID 71 Preheater Element 2” page 49
“MID 128 SID 146 EGR Valve 1” page 49
“MID 128 SID 211 5 Volt DC Supply” page 50
“MID 128 SID 230 Idle Validation Switch 1” page 50
“MID 128 SID 232 5 Volt DC Supply to Sensor” page 51
13
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PID 26 Fan Speed PercentType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal or shortedto high
• Missing signalfrom Fan SpeedSensor
• Short Circuit +,Measuring line
• Short Circuit -,Measuring line
• Open Circuit,Measuring line
• Open Circuit,Ground line
• Higher fuelconsumption
• Will work ason/off fan,100%fan speedif cooling isneeded
• Cooling Fan Speed (CFS) sensorfailure
• Faulty Cooling Fan Speed (CFS)sensor harness
MID 128 PID 45 Preheater RelayType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal or shortedto high
• Short Circuit +,Measuring line
• Preheat relay notactivated
• White smoke forcold start
• Start problems incold climate
• Preheat relay solenoid shorted
FMI 4• Voltage below
normal or shortedlow
• Short Circuit -,Measuring line
• Induction air ishot
• Preheat relayis impossible toturn off
• Faulty harness
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Open Circuit • Preheat relay notactivated
• White smoke forcold start
• Start problems incold climate
• Faulty Preheat relay• Faulty harness
14
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PID 81 Particulate FilterType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 0• Data valid but
above normaloperationalrange-most severelevel
• Moderately highpressure
• Engine derate• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Particulate Trap Pressure (PTP)Sensor failure
FMI 2• Data erratic,
intermittent orincorrect
• Sensor is notrational
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Particulate Trap Pressure (PTP)Sensor failure
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal or shortedhigh
• Short to batteryon the meteringside
• Open in theground line
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Particulate Trap Pressure (PTP)Sensor failure
• Faulty Particulate Trap Pressure(PTP) Sensor connector
• Faulty harness
FMI 5• Current below
normal or open• Open in 5 volt
supply line• Short to ground
in metering line• Open in metering
line
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Particulate Trap Pressure (PTP)Sensor failure
• Faulty harness
FMI 12• Bad intelligent
device orcomponent
• Particulate TrapPressure (PTP)Sensor signalhigh or low butstill within range
• Engine derate • Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) isdamaged, filled with soot or missing
MID 128 PID 84 Vehicle SpeedType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 9• Abnormal update
rate• Missing signal
from VECU• Engine derate • J1708 vehicle speed message does
not exist, (VECU error)
MID 128 PID 85 Cruise Control StatusType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 9• Abnormal update
rate• Missing (Cruise
Control) signalfrom VECU
• Cruise Controldoes not work
• No clutch info to EMS (J1939)
15
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PID 91 Accelerator Pedal PositionType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 9• Abnormal update
rate• Missing signal
from VECU• N/A • J1708 pedal information not
available
MID 128 PID 94 Fuel Delivery PressureType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 1• Pressure critically
low• EMS module
detects a low fuelpressure reading
• Rough idle• Uneven running• Engine derate
• A clogged fuel filter• Fuel leaking from a fuel line or fitting• Poor fuel pump pressure• Low fuel level
FMI 3• Voltage high/open • Low Fuel
Pressure (FP)Sensor signalline voltage
• Engine derate• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Damaged contacts in harness• Faulty Fuel Pressure (FP) sensor• Open circuit.
FMI 5• Current low/open • Low Fuel
Pressure (FP)Sensor signalline voltage
• Engine derate• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Damaged contacts in harness• Faulty Fuel Pressure (FP) sensor
FMI 7• Current low/open • Drop in fuel
pressure• Engine derate• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Clogged fuel filter• Leaking fuel line or fitting• Poor fuel pump response
16
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PID 97 Water in Fuel IndicatorType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 3• Voltage high/open • N/A • Undetected
water in fuelsupply
• Uneven running• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Open circuit
FMI 4• Voltage low • N/A • Undetected
water in fuelsupply
• Uneven running• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Short to ground• Open circuit• Faulty sensor
MID 128 PID 98 Engine Oil LevelType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 1• Data valid but
below normaloperational range
• Moderatelybelow range
• Critically belowrange
• N/A • Low oil level Leakage• Critically low oil level Leakage
FMI 4• Voltage below
normal or shortedlow
• Short Circuit -Positive side
• Oil level can notbe measured
• Engine Oil Level (EOL) sensorfailure
• Faulty harness
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Short Circuit +,Positive side
• Open Circuit +,Positive side
• Open Circuit-Negative side
• Oil level can notbe measured
• Engine Oil Level (EOL) sensorfailure
• Faulty harness
17
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PID 100 Engine Oil PressureType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 1• Data valid but
below normaloperational range
• Critically belowrange
• Engine derate• Low pressure
• Oil leakage• Broken oil pump• Clogged oil system
FMI 3• Voltage below
normal or shortedlow
• Short Circuit +,Measuring line
• Open Circuit,Ground line
• Oil pressureshows 0 in thecluster, engine isrunning
• Engine Oil Pressure (EOP) sensorfailure
• Faulty harness
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Open Circuit +,5V Supply line
• Short Circuit -,Measuring line
• Open Circuit,Measuring line
• Oil pressureshows 0 in thecluster, engine isrunning
• Engine Oil Pressure (EOP) sensorfailure
• Faulty harness
18
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PID 102 Intake Manifold PressureType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 0• Data valid but
above normaloperational range
• Intake ManifoldPressure Sensoroutput is high
• Intake ManifoldPressure isindicating anunphysical value
• Engine derate• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Variable Geometry Turbo (VGT)actuator stuck
• Faulty Intake Manifold PressureSensor harness
• Intake Manifold Pressure Sensorfailure
FMI 1• Data valid but
below normaloperational range
• Intake ManifoldPressure Sensoris indicating anunphysical value
• Engine derate• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Intermittent fault in the IntakeManifold Pressure Sensor harness
• Faulty Boost Air Pressure connector• Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor
failure
FMI 2• Data erratic,
intermittent orincorrect
• Intake ManifoldPressure Sensoroutput is too highor too low
• Engine derate• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Intermittent fault in the IntakeManifold Pressure Sensor harness
• Faulty Boost Air Pressure connector• Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor
failure
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal or shortedto high source
• A short to batteryin the meteringcircuit
• An open inthe groundcircuit of theIntake ManifoldPressure Sensor
• Engine derate• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Intermittent fault in the IntakeManifold Pressure Sensor harness
• Faulty Boost Air Pressure connector• Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor
failure
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• A short to groundin the harness
• An open in the 5volt supply circuit
• An open in themetering circuit
• Engine derate• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Intermittent fault in the IntakeManifold Pressure Sensor harness
• Faulty Boost Air Pressure connector• Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor
failure
FMI 11• Root cause not
known (DataIncorrect)
• Intake ManifoldPressure Sensoroutput is too highor low
• Engine derate• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Faulty Intake Manifold PressureSensor harness
• Inlet air leakage• Intake Manifold Pressure Sensor
failure
19
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PID 103 Turbo SpeedType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 0• Data valid but
above normaloperational range
• Turbochargerspeed is at least25% greater thanthe target wheelspeed for themeasured boost
• Engine derate• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Miss detection• Faulty Turbo Speed Sensor harness• Faulty Turbo Speed Sensor
connector• Turbo Speed Sensor failure
FMI 1• Data valid but
below normaloperational range
• Turbochargerspeed is at least25% less thanthe target wheelspeed for themeasured boost
• Engine derate• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Miss detection• Faulty Turbo Speed Sensor harness• Faulty Turbo Speed Sensor
connector• Turbo Speed Sensor failure
FMI 9• Abnormal update
rate (missingsensor signal)
• A fault is logged ifthe Turbo SpeedSensor signal islost
• Engine derate• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Communication fault in the meteringline of the Turbo Speed Sensorcircuit
• Short to ground in the metering lineof the Turbo Speed Sensor circuit
• An open in the metering line of theTurbo Speed Sensor circuit
20
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PID 105 Intake Manifold TemperatureType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 0• Data valid but
above normaloperational range
• The IntakeManifoldTemperatureSensor isindicating anunphysical value
• Engine derate• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Faulty Intake Manifold TemperatureSensor or Engine ManagementSystem (EMS) Module connector
• Temperature Sensor harness• Malfunction Intake Manifold
Temperature Sensor
FMI 1• Data valid but
below normaloperational range
• The BoostTemperatureSensor isindicating anunphysical value
• Minor enginederate
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Faulty Intake Manifold TemperatureSensor or Engine ManagementSystem (EMS) Module connector
• Break in the Intake ManifoldTemperature Sensor harness
• Malfunction Intake ManifoldTemperature Sensor
FMI 2• Data erratic,
intermittent orincorrect
• The IntakeManifoldTemperatureSensor output istoo high or toolow
• Engine derate• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Faulty Intake Manifold TemperatureSensor or Engine ManagementSystem (EMS) Module connector
• Break in the Intake ManifoldTemperature Sensor harness
• Malfunction Intake ManifoldTemperature Sensor
FMI 4• Voltage below
normal or shortedlow
• N/A • Difficult to startin cold climates
• Engine derate• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Short circuit• Intermittent fault in the Intake
Manifold Temperature Sensorharness
• Faulty Intake Manifold TemperatureSensor connector
• Intake Manifold Temperature Sensorfailure
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• A short to battery• An open in the 5
volt supply circuit
• Difficult to startin cold climates
• Engine derate• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• A short circuit in the metering circuit• Intermittent fault in the Intake
Manifold Temperature Sensorharness
• Faulty Intake Manifold TemperatureSensor connector
• Intake Manifold Temperature Sensorfailure
FMI 10• Abnormal rate of
change• The Boost
TemperatureSenor outputis showing aconstant value
• Engine derate• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Faulty Intake Manifold TemperatureSensor harness
• Intake Manifold Temperature Sensorfailure
21
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PID 108 Atmospheric PressureType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 2• Data erratic,
intermittent orincorrect
• AtmosphericPressure Sensoroutput is toohigh or too low(abnormal value)
• Minor enginederate
• Faulty Atmospheric Pressure Sensor• Faulty Engine Management System
(EMS) Module
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal or shortedto high source
• Short to batteryon the meteringside
• N/A • Internal fault in the EngineManagement System (EMS) Module
• Faulty Atmospheric Pressure Sensor
FMI 4• Voltage below
normal or shortedto low source
• A short to groundon the meteringside
• N/A • Internal fault in the EngineManagement System (EMS) Module
• Faulty Atmospheric Pressure Sensor
22
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PID 110 Coolant TemperatureType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 0• Data valid but
above normaloperational range
• The EngineCoolantTemperature(ECT) Sensoris indicating anunphysical value
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Extreme driving condition• Faulty coolant thermostat• Malfunctioning fan• Blocked radiator
FMI 2• Data erratic,
intermittent orincorrect
• The EngineCoolantTemperature(ECT) Sensoroutput is too highor too low
• May affectdriveability inextreme cases
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Faulty Engine Coolant Temperature(ECT) Sensor or EngineManagement System (EMS)Module connector
• Break in Engine CoolantTemperature (ECT) Sensorharness
• Malfunctioning Engine CoolantTemperature (ECT) Sensor
FMI 4• Voltage below
normal or shortedlow
• N/A • Difficult to startin cold climates
• Idle runregulation isdeteriorated
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Internal fault in the Engine CoolantTemperature (ECT) Sensor harness
• Faulty Engine Coolant Temperature(ECT) Sensor connector
• Faulty Engine Coolant Temperature(ECT) Sensor
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• N/A • Difficult to startin cold climates
• Idle runregulation isdeteriorated
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• An open in the Engine CoolantTemperature (ECT) Sensor circuit
• An open in the Engine CoolantTemperature (ECT) Sensor
• Intermittent fault in the EngineCoolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor
• Faulty Engine Coolant Temperature(ECT) Sensor connector
• Faulty Engine Coolant Temperature(ECT) Sensor
FMI 10• Abnormal rate of
change• The Engine
CoolantTemperature(ECT) Sensoroutput is showinga constant value
• May affectvehicledriveability
• Faulty Engine Coolant Temperature(ECT) Sensor harness
• Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT)Sensor failure
23
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PID 111 Coolant LevelType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 1• Data valid but
below normaloperational range
• Moderatelybelow range
• Critically belowrange
• Short Circuit -,Measuring line
• Engine derate • Coolant level below range• Faulty harness• Engine shutdown
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal or shortedto high source
• Short Circuit +Measuring line
• Coolant level cannot be detected
• Faulty harness
FMI 4• Voltage below
normal or shortedlow
• Short Circuit -,Measuring line
• Coolant level cannot be detected
• Faulty harness
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Open Circuit • Coolant level cannot be detected
• Faulty harness
24
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PID 153 Crankcase PressureType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 0• Data valid but
above normaloperational range
• Out of range,max voltage,illegal
• Critically AboveRange
• Forced idle• Engine shut
down
• The non-filtered pressure difference(between crankcase pressure andambient air pressure) is/was abovelimit. (The fault code will remainduring the entire driving cycle(unless reset)
FMI 1• Data valid but
below normaloperational range
• Out of range, minvoltage, illegal
• N/A • Crankcase Pressure Sensor out ofrange
FMI 2• Data erratic,
intermittent orincorrect
• Plausibility • N/A • The crankcase pressure is showingeither too high or too low value(abnormal value)
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal or shortedto high source
• Short Circuit +,Measuring line
• Open Circuit,Ground line
• N/A • Crankcase Pressure Sensor failure• Faulty harness
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Open Circuit +,5V Supply Line
• Short Circuit -,Measuring line
• Open Circuit,Measuring line
• N/A • Crankcase Pressure Sensor failure• Faulty harness
25
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PID 171 Ambient TemperatureType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 9• Abnormal Update
Rate• This fault will
become activewhen the EngineManagementSystem (EMS)Module detectsthat the AmbientAir Temperaturemessage fromthe InstrumentCluster Moduledoes not exist.
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Faulty Ambient Air TemperatureSensor harness
MID 128 PID 173 Exhaust TemperatureType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 0• Data valid but
above normaloperational range— most severelevel
• Exhaust GasTemperature istoo high
• Engine derate• Poor driveability
• Faulty Exhaust Gas Temperature(EGT) system
• Faulty harness or connector
FMI 2• Data erratic,
intermittent orincorrect
• Sensor is notrational
• Poor driveability • Harness connected to incorrectsensor
• Sensor failure
FMI 4• Voltage below
normal or shortedlow
• Short to groundon the meteringside of the circuit
• Poor driveability • Sensor failure• Faulty harness
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Short to batteryon the meteringside of the circuit
• Open in themetering side ofthe circuit
• Open in theground side ofthe circuit
• Poor driveability • Faulty harness• Sensor failure
FMI 10• Abnormal rate of
change• Sensor is stuck • Poor driveability • Sensor failure
26
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PID 175 Engine Oil TemperatureType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 0• Data valid but
above normaloperational range
• ModeratelyAbove range
• Critically AboveRange
• Engine derate • Extreme driving conditions
FMI 2• Data erratic,
intermittent orincorrect
• Plausibility • In some casesmay havean effect ondriveability
• The oil temperature sensor outputis showing either too high or to lowvalue (abnormal value)
FMI 4• Voltage below
normal or shortedlow
• Short Circuit -,Measuring line
• N/A • Engine Oil Temperature (EOT)sensor failure
• Faulty harness
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Short Circuit +,Measuring line
• Open Circuit
• N/A • Engine Oil Temperature (EOT)sensor failure
• Faulty harness
27
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PID 354 Relative HumidityType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal or shortedto high source
• Short to batteryin the meteringcircuit ofthe RelativeHumidity Sensor
• Open in theground circuitof the RelativeHumidity Sensor
• Turbochargernoise
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Faulty connector• Faulty Relative Humidity Sensor
harness• Faulty Relative Humidity Sensor
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Open in themetering circuitof the RelativeHumidity Sensor
• Open in the 5volt supply circuitof the RelativeHumidity Sensor
• Short to groundin the meteringcircuit ofthe RelativeHumidity Sensor
• Turbochargernoise
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Faulty connector• Faulty Relative Humidity Sensor
harness• Faulty Relative Humidity Sensor
28
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PID 411 EGR Exhaust Back PressureType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 2• Data erratic,
intermittent orincorrect
• EGR differentialpressure sensoroutput is too highor too low
• Uneven running• Engine derate
• Faulty EGR Differential PressureSensor connector
• Faulty EGR Differential PressureSensor harness
• Faulty EGR Differential PressureSensor
• EGR leakage• Clogged EGR cooler• Clogged EGR venturi
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal or shortedto high source
• Short to batteryin metering line
• Open in theground circuit
• Engine respondspoorly
• Engine derate
• Faulty EGR Differential PressureSensor connector
• Faulty EGR Differential PressureSensor harness
• Faulty EGR Differential PressureSensor
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Open in the 5 voltsupply line
• Short to groundin metering line
• Open in themetering line
• Engine respondspoorly
• Engine derate
• Faulty EGR Differential PressureSensor connector
• Faulty EGR Differential PressureSensor harness
• Faulty EGR Differential PressureSensor
29
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PID 412 EGR TemperatureType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 0• Data valid but
above normaloperational range— most severelevel
• N/A • Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Extreme driving conditions• EGR cooler failure
FMI 4• Voltage below
normal or shortedlow
• Short to groundon the meteringside of the EGRSensor circuit
• Engine respondspoorly
• Engine powerwill be deratedaccording to theerror torque map
• Faulty EGR Temperature Sensorconnector
• Faulty EGR Temperature Sensorharness
• Faulty EGR Temperature Sensor
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Short to batteryin the meteringside of the EGRSensor circuit
• Open in themetering side ofthe EGR Sensorcircuit
• Open circuit inthe ground line ofthe EGR Sensorcircuit
• Engine respondspoorly
• Engine derate
• Faulty EGR Temperature Sensorconnector
• Faulty EGR Temperature Sensorharness
• Faulty EGR Temperature Sensor
FMI 10• Abnormal rate of
change• EGR sensor
is showing aconstant valuethat will notchange
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Faulty EGR Temperature Sensorconnector
• Faulty EGR Temperature Sensorharness
• EGR system leakage
30
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PPID 35 EGR Mass FlowType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 0• Data valid but
above normaloperational range— most severelevel
• EGR flow is toohigh
• Poor driveability • Faulty EGR system• Faulty harness or connector
FMI 1• Data valid but
below normaloperational range— most severelevel
• EGR flow is toolow
• Poor driveability • Faulty EGR system• Clogged EGR cooler• Faulty harness or connector
MID 128 PPID 89 Variable Geometry Turbocharger Smart Remote
Actuator TemperatureType offault
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause
FMI 0• Data valid but
above normaloperationalrange-most severelevel
• VGT SRAtemperature ismoderately toohigh
• Engine derate • Coolant system malfunction• Extreme driving conditions• Overheated VGT actuator
31
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PPID 122 Engine Compression BrakeType offault
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause
FMI 1• Data valid but
above normaloperational range
• Below range • No VolvoCompressionBrake (VCB)
• Low engine oil temperature
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal or shortedto high source
• Short Circuit + • VolvoCompressionBrake (VCB) cannot be turned on
• Engine brakefunction derated
• Gear shiftperformancederated forsome automatictransmissionboxes
• Faulty Volvo Compression Brake(VCB) actuator
• Faulty harness
FMI 4• Voltage below
normal or shortedlow
• Short Circuit - • VolvoCompressionBrake (VCB) cannot be turned off
• Engine stopsrunning
• Engineimpossible torestart
• Faulty Volvo Compression Brake(VCB) actuator
• Faulty harness
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Open Circuit • VolvoCompressionBrake (VCB) cannot be turned on
• Engine brakefunction derated
• Gear shiftperformancederated forsome automatictransmissionboxes
• Faulty Volvo Compression Brake(VCB) actuator
• Faulty harness
32
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PPID 270 NOx SensorMID 233 Fault code sent by MID 128 Enginecontrol unit.
Type offault
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause
FMI 2• Data erratic,
intermittent orincorrect
• Removed• Plausibility
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• NOx sensor removed (measuressurround air)
• Exhaust system leakage• Air intake leakage• Faulty NOx sensor
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal or shortedto high source
• Short Circuit,NOx signal
• N/A • Faulty cabling between NOx sensorand NOx sensor ECU
• Faulty NOx sensor
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Open Circuit,NOx signal
• N/A • Faulty cabling between NOx sensorand NOx sensor ECU
• Faulty NOx sensor
FMI 9• Abnormal update
rate (missingsensor signal
• Abnormal update • N/A • Missing signal from NOx sensor
FMI 10• Abnormal rate of
change• Stuck • N/A • Exhaust system leakage
• Air intake leakage• Faulty NOx sensor
FMI 12• Bad Intelligent
Device orComponent
• Incorrect value • N/A • Faulty NOx sensor
FMI 13• Out of calibration • Range check • N/A • Faulty NOx sensor
FMI 14• Special
instructions• Missing signal
from sensor dueto battery voltage
• N/A • Voltage to NOx sensor is too high
33
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PPID 272 Air Pressure CompensationType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 4• Voltage below
normal or shortedto low source
• Short Circuit - • Possible turbonoise
• Faulty Intake Air Temperature andHumidity (IATH) sensor
• Faulty harness• Faulty Intake Air Temperature and
Humidity (IATH) sensor connector
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Short Circuit +• Open Circuit
• Possible turbonoise
• Faulty Intake Air Temperature andHumidity (IATH) sensor
• Faulty harness• Faulty Intake Air Temperature and
Humidity (IATH) sensor connector
MID 128 PPID 326 Soot LevelType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 0• Data valid but
above normaloperational range
• Moderately highsoot load
• Medium to highengine derate
• Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)clogged
• After Treatment Fuel Injectorclogged
• Regeneration disabled by driver orother component
FMI 11• Critically high soot
load• Critically high
soot load• High engine
derate• Engine derate
• Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)clogged
• After Treatment Fuel Injectorclogged
• Regeneration disabled by driver orother component
34
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PPID 328 Aftertreatment Injection Shutoff ValveType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal or shortedto high source
• Circuit shorted tobattery
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Faulty harness• Actuator failure
FMI 4• Voltage below
normal or shortedlow
• Circuit shorted toground
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Faulty harness• Actuator failure
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Open circuit • Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Faulty harness• Actuator failure
FMI 7• Mechanical system
not responding orout of adjustment
• After TreatmentFuel Injectorstuck closed
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Shut off valve stuck closed
FMI 14• Special
instructions• After Treatment
Fuel Injectorleaking
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• After Treatment Fuel Injector failure
MID 128 PPID 329 Aftertreatment Fuel InjectorType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal or shortedto high source
• Circuit shorted tobattery
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Faulty harness• Injector failure
FMI 4• Voltage below
normal or shortedlow
• Circuit shorted toground
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Faulty harness• Injector failure
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Open circuit • Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Faulty harness• Injector failure
FMI 7• Mechanical system
not responding orout of adjustment
• After treatmentfuel injectorclogged
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• After Treatment Fuel Injector failure
FMI 14• Special
instructions• After Treatment
Fuel Injectorleaking
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• After Treatment Fuel Injector failure
35
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PPID 330 DRVType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal or shortedto high source
• Short circuit + • On/off valve can’tbe activated
• Regenerationnot possible
• High enginebraking withoutrequest
• Driveabilityaffected
• Faulty Discharge Recirculator Valve(DRV) Solenoid
• Faulty harness• Faulty Discharge Recirculator Valve
(DRV) Solenoid connector
FMI 4• Voltage below
normal or shortedlow
• Short circuit- • Valve constantlyactivated
• Major enginederate
• Exhaust manifoldoverheating
• Engine shutdown
• Faulty Discharge Recirculator Valve(DRV) Solenoid
• Faulty harness• Faulty Discharge Recirculator Valve
(DRV) Solenoid connector
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Open circuit • On/off valve can’tbe activated
• Regenerationnot possible
• High enginebraking withoutrequest
• Driveabilityaffected
• Faulty Discharge Recirculator Valve(DRV) Solenoid
• Faulty harness• Faulty Discharge Recirculator Valve
(DRV) Solenoid connector
FMI 7• Mechanical system
not responding orout of adjustment
• MechanicallyStuck
• On/off valve can’tbe activated
• Regenerationnot possible
• High enginebraking withoutrequest
• Driveabilityaffected
• Valve constantlyactivated
• Major enginederate
• Exhaust manifoldoverheating
• Engine shutdown
• Leaking pipes• Faulty Discharge Recirculator Valve
(DRV) Solenoid
36
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PPID 337 Ash LevelType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 0• Data valid but
above normaloperational range
• Ash level too high • Need service • Short intervals between filterregenerations
FMI 14• Special
instructions• Igniters or fuel
nozzle needservice
• Need service • Time and driving conditions requirecomponent service
MID 128 PPID 387 Temperature Sensor, Catalytic ConverterType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 2• Data erratic,
intermittent orincorrect
• Sensor is notrational
• Poor driveability • Harness connected to incorrectsensor
• Sensor failure
FMI 4• Voltage below
normal or shortedlow
• Short to groundon the meteringside of the circuit
• Poor driveability • Faulty harness• Sensor failure
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Short to batteryon the meteringside of the circuit
• Open in themetering side ofthe circuit
• Open in theground side ofthe circuit
• Poor driveability • Faulty harness• Actuator failure
FMI 10• Abnormal rate of
change• Sensor is stuck • Poor driveability • Sensor failure
37
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PPID 436 Exhaust Gas Temperature Sensor 3Type offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 2• Data erratic,
intermittent orincorrect
• Sensor is notrational
• Poor driveability • Harness connected to incorrectsensor
• Sensor failure
FMI 4• Voltage below
normal or shortedlow
• Short to groundon the meteringside of the circuit
• Poor driveability • Faulty harness• Sensor failure
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Short to batteryon the meteringside of the circuit
• Open in themetering side ofthe circuit
• Open in theground side ofthe circuit
• Poor driveability • Faulty harness• Actuator failure
FMI 10• Abnormal rate of
change• Sensor is stuck • Poor driveability • Sensor failure
38
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PPID 437 Aftertreatment Injector Fuel Pressure SensorType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 2• Data erratic,
intermittent orincorrect
• Sensor is notrational
• N/A • Faulty shut off valve• Sensor failure
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal or shortedto high source
• Short to batteryon the meteringside
• Open in theground line
• N/A • Faulty harness• Sensor failure
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Open circuit inthe 5 volt supply
• Short circuit toground in themetering line
• Open circuit inthe metering line
• N/A • Faulty harness• Sensor Failure
FMI 10• Abnormal rate of
change• After treatment
injector fuelpressure sensorstuck
• N/A • Sensor• Faulty shut off valve• Injector failure
39
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PSID 47 Particulate Trap RegenerationType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 0• Data valid but
above normaloperational range
• Plausability, toohigh
• Regenerationnot possible
• Faulty After Treatment Injector
FMI 1• Data valid but
below normaloperational range
• Plausability, toolow
• Regenerationnot possible
• Faulty After Treatment Injector• Faulty Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)
catalyst
FMI 8• Abnormal
frequency, pulsewidth or period
• Regenerationperiod too long
• N/A • N/A
FMI 12• Bad Intelligent
Device orComponent
• Regenerationefficiency too low
• N/A • Clogged After Treatment Injector• Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)
catalyst damaged• Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)
catalyst clogged
MID 128 PSID 98 Boost Air SystemType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 0• Data valid but
above normaloperational range— most severelevel
• Boost pressureis too high
• Turbochargersurge
• EGR system failure• Faulty turbocharger actuator
FMI 1• Data valid but
below normaloperational range— most severelevel
• Boost pressureis too low
• Engine derate• Engine slow to
respond
• Faulty Boost Air System hoses,pipes, brackets, cooler, EGR systemcomponents and turbo components
40
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PSID 108 Aftertreatment Injection SystemType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 7• Mechanical system
not responding, orout of adjustment
• Mechanicalproblem
• Regenerationnot possible
• Engine derate• Engine shut
down
• Faulty After Treatment Injection (ATI)system
41
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 PSID 109 Engine Coolant Temperature SensorType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 7• Thermostat
blocked closed• This fault will
become activewhen the EngineManagementSystem (EMS)Module detectsthat theEngine CoolantTemperature(ECT) Sensoroutput is high butstill with in theacceptable rangefor the sensor.
• The CoolantTemperatureSensor isindicating ahigh coolanttemperature.
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Thermostat Blocked Closed• Faulty radiator fan• Clogged radiator
FMI 12• Thermostat
blocked open• This fault will
become activewhen the EngineManagementSystem (EMS)Module detectsthat theEngine CoolantTemperature(ECT) Sensoroutput is low butstill with in theacceptable rangefor the sensor.
• Poor heat in cab• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Thermostat Blocked Open
42
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 SID 1/2/3/4/5/6 Unit InjectorType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 3• Voltage high/open • EMS module
detects a shortcircuit to batteryon the low sideof the Spill Valve(SV)/NeedleControl Valve(NCV).
• Loss of power• Uneven running• Running on 3 to
5 cylinders• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Open circuit
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• EMS detects ashort circuit tobattery positive,a short circuitto ground, or anopen circuit onthe high side ofthe SV/NeedleControl Valve(NCV) or a ShortCircuit to groundon the low side ofthe SV/NCV.
• Loss of power• Uneven running• Running on 3 to
5 cylinders• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Harness shorted or open• Faulty fuel injector solenoid
FMI 7• Mechanical system
not responding• Cylinder
balancing data isabove the limit
• Erratic engineidle speed
• Clogged fuel injector(s)• Low fuel pressure• Poor Compression• Improper valve adjustment
FMI 12• Failed Device
(Low injector holdcurrent)
• Injector orharnessresistance toohigh
• Loss of power• Uneven running• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Injector solenoid resistance out ofspecification
• Harness resistance too high
FMI 14• Special
instructions• Fuel injector flow
is too low or high.• Cylinder
compressionis low.
• Loss of power• Uneven running• Malfunction
indicator lampilluminated
• Low injector flow• High injector flow• Poor compression
43
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 SID 18 Drain Valve, Water SeparatorType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal or shortedto high source
• Short Circuit +Measuring line
• Valve constantlyshut
• Faulty Water In Fuel (WIF) SolenoidValve
• Broken wire
FMI 4• Voltage below
normal or shortedlow
• Short Circuit -,Measuring line
• High fuelconsumption dueto fuel leakage
• Faulty Water In Fuel (WIF) SolenoidValve
• Broken wire
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Open Circuit • Valve constantlyshut
• Faulty Water In Fuel (WIF) SolenoidValve
• Broken wire
44
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 SID 21 Engine Position Timing SensorType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 2• Data erratic,
intermittent orincorrect
• Phase Error- Incorrectcorrelationbetween CAMand CrankSensor
• Increased fuelconsumption
• Faulty connector• Faulty Engine Position Timing
Sensor harness• Faulty Engine Position Timing
Sensor• Improper air gap
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal, or shortedto high source
• Missing Signalfrom EnginePosition TimingSensor
• Open in theEngine PositionTiming SensorCircuit
• Short to batteryin the EnginePosition TimingSensor Circuit
• Short to groundin the EnginePosition TimingSensor Circuit
• Increasedengine start time
• Loss of enginepower
• Faulty Engine Position TimingSensor harness
FMI 8• Abnormal
frequency, pulsewidth or period
• Noisy Signalfrom EnginePosition TimingSensor
• Open in theEngine PositionTiming SensorCircuit
• Increasedengine start time
• Loss of enginepower
• Faulty Engine Position TimingSensor harness
• Faulty Engine Position TimingSensor mounting
45
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 SID 22 Engine Speed SensorType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 2• Data erratic,
intermittent orincorrect
• Intermittent orweak signal
• Increased fuelconsumption
• Imprecise enginetiming
• Increased fuelconsumption
• Uneven cylinderbalancing
• Power loss• Smoke
• Faulty connector• Faulty Engine Speed Sensor
harness• Faulty Engine Speed Sensor• Improper air gap
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal, or shortedto high source
• Missing Signalfrom EngineSpeed Sensor
• Open in theEngine SpeedSensor Circuit
• Short to batteryin the EngineSpeed SensorCircuit
• Short to groundin the EnginePosition TimingSensor Circuit
• Increasedengine start time
• Vehicle may be inlimp home mode
• Loss of enginepower
• Faulty Engine Speed Sensorharness
• Faulty Crank Sensor mounting
FMI 8• Abnormal
frequency, pulsewidth or period
• Erratic orintermittentsignal fromEngine SpeedSensor
• Open in theEngine SpeedSensor
• Increased fuelconsumption
• Imprecise enginetiming
• Increased fuelconsumption
• Uneven cylinderbalancing
• Power loss• Smoke
• Faulty Engine Speed Sensorharness
• Faulty Engine Speed Sensormounting
46
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 SID 27 Variable Geometry TurbochargerType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 2• Data erratic,
intermittent orincorrect
• Smart remoteactuator hasnot seen a validcommand onCAN2
• Incorrect data
• Low boost• Low power• Nozzle opens• Smoke from
engine
• Disturbance on CAN2 data lines
FMI 4• Voltage below
normal, or shortedto low source
• Short to ground • Nozzle will openresulting in lowpower and lowboost
• SRA willcontinue toattempt andmaintain targetnozzle position
• Faulty SRA VGT connector• Faulty SRA VGT harness• Low battery voltage
FMI 7• Mechanical system
not responding orout of adjustment
• Mechanicalproblem withthe VGT SRA
• Low boost andsmoke
• Possible enginederate
• Power loss insome caseswhen actuatormotor has beendisabled
• Actuator motor effort is temporarilylimited to prevent overheating
• Restrictions detected when runninglearn sequence
• SRA is slow to follow commands• SRA position is not tracking
command
FMI 9• Abnormal update
rate• Data from the
SRA has beenmissing for2-seconds
• Engine derated(major)
• EGR valveclosed
• Data line harness• No supply to VGT actuator• VGT actuator• VGT SRA connector
FMI 13• Out of calibration • Failed self-
calibration• N/A • Smart remote actuator
47
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 SID 33 Fan ControlType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal, or shortedTo high source
• Short to positivein the CoolingFan controlcircuit
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Broken Cooling Fan Actuator• Faulty Cooling Fan Actuator harness
or connector
FMI 4• Voltage below
normal, or shortedto low source
• Short to groundin the CoolingFan controlcircuit
• Output voltageis 1/3 the supplyvoltage
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Broken Cooling Fan Actuator• Faulty Cooling Fan Actuator harness
or connector
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Open in theCooling Fancontrol circuit
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Broken Cooling Fan Actuator• Faulty Cooling Fan Actuator harness
or connector
MID 128 SID 70 Preheater Element 1Type offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal or shortedto high source
• Short Circuit +,Measuring line
• Fuse for shortingwire blown
• Faulty Preheat Relay• Short in high side of Preheat Sense
1 circuit
FMI 4• Voltage below
normal or shortedlow
• Short Circuit -,Measuring line
• Shorting wiremay break
• Preheat relay problem• Sense 1, Short Circuit -, Measuring
line
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Open Circuit • May get startproblems in coldclimate
• Faulty Heating element• Broken wire
48
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 SID 71 Preheater Element 2Type offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal or shortedto high source
• Short Circuit +,Measuring line
• Fuse for shortingwire blown
• Faulty Preheat Relay• Short in high side of Preheat Sense
2circuit
FMI 4• Voltage below
normal or shortedlow
• Short Circuit -,Measuring line
• Shorting wiremay break
• Preheat relay problem• Sense 2, Short Circuit -, Measuring
line
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Open Circuit • May get startproblems in coldclimate
• Faulty Heating element• Broken wire
MID 128 SID 146 EGR Valve 1Type offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal, or shortedTo high source
• Stuck EGRControl Valve
• EGR ControlValve circuitshorted topositive
• EGR ControlValve circuitshorted toground
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Engine derate
• Faulty EGR Control Valve actuator• EGR Control Valve harness
FMI 5• Current below
normal or opencircuit
• Open EGRControl ValveCircuit
• Malfunctionindicator lampilluminated
• Engine derate
• Faulty EGR Control Valve actuator• EGR Control Valve harness
FMI 7• Mechanical
System NotResponding orOut Of Adjustment
• EGR Valve stuckclosed
• Engine derate • Faulty EGR Valve
FMI 12• Bad Intelligent
Device orComponent
• EGR Valve stuckopen
• Engine derate • Faulty EGR Valve
49
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 SID 211 5 Volt DC SupplyType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal, or shortedTo high source
• N/A • Strangeinformationdisplayed oncluster
• Poor driveability
• 5 volt reference circuit shorted topositive
• Faulty harness or connector• Faulty sensor power supply• MID 128 PID’s 94, 100 and 153 may
also be set
FMI 4• Voltage Below
Normal, or ShortedTo Low Source
• N/A • Strangeinformationdisplayed oncluster
• Poor driveability
• 5 volt reference circuit shorted toground
• Faulty harness or connector• Faulty sensor power supply• MID 128 PID’s 94, 100 and 153 may
also be set
MID 128 SID 230 Idle Validation Switch 1Type offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal, or shortedto high source
• IVS signalshorted tovoltage
• No IVS limphome functionfor pedal position
• Faulty connector• Faulty VECU• Short to voltage in signal circuit
harness
FMI 5• Current Below
Normal or OpenCircuit
• IVS signalshorted toground or open
• No IVS limphome functionfor pedal position
• Faulty connector• Faulty VECU• Short to ground or open in signal
circuit harness
50
DGroup 28 Troubleshooting
MID 128 SID 232 5 Volt DC Supply to SensorType offault:
FMI Description: Fault Condition: PossibleSymptoms:
Possible Cause:
FMI 3• Voltage above
normal, or shortedto high source
• N/A • Strangeinformationdisplayed oncluster
• Poor driveability
• Poor driveability• Faulty harness or connector• Faulty sensor power supply• MID 128 PID’s 26, 102 and 411 may
also be set
FMI 4• Voltage below
normal or shortedto low source
• N/A • Strangeinformationdisplayed oncluster
• Poor driveability
• 5 volt reference circuit shorted toground
• Faulty harness or connector• Faulty sensor power supply• MID 128 PID’s 26, 102 and 411 may
also be set
51
D
Volvo Truck North America a division of Volvo Group North America, Inc.P.O. Box 26115, Greensboro, NC 27402-6115
Volvo Trucks Canada, Ltd.5600A Cancross Court, Mississauga, Ontario L5R 3E9
http://www.volvotrucks.volvo.com
PV776-20184635 () 10.2008 © Volvo Truck North America a division of Volvo Group North America, Inc., 2008