september 20, 2011 (d-day) agenda: 1.bellwork 2.finish notes- characteristics of living things...
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September 20, 2011 (D-day)
Agenda:1.Bellwork2.Finish notes- characteristics of living things 3.Classwork4.Go over quiz
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Homework
Read pages 16-22• Answer questions 1 to 4 & “Connecting
Concepts”• Complete sentences on a separate sheet of
paper. UNIT TEST (This Friday, 9/23)Unit 1: The Science of Biology (including lab
safety/equipment)
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Chapter 1: Section 1-3Studying Life
Biology: the study of life-the science that seeks to understand the
natural world.Characteristics of Living ThingsWhat makes something “living”?
Examples) Living: ___________________Non-living: ________________
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1. Made up of CellsAll living things, or organisms, are made up of
tiny units called cells.
• Cell: basic unit of structure & function. -a collection of living matter with a
barrier that separates it from its surroundings.
- cells can grow, respond to their surroundings, and
reproduce.
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Unicellular: made of only one cellExamples)
Multicellular: made of many cellsExamples)
protozoa
a house plant
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2. ReproduceAll organisms produce new organisms through
reproduction.
Two basic types1. Sexual reproduction: 2 cells from different
parents join & produce first cell of new organism.
2. Asexual reproduction: the new organism comes from one parent (either by dividing in half or growing a new portion that splits off)
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3. Based on a Genetic CodeAll living organisms inherit traits.
DNA: the molecule that has the directions for inheritance.
• Asexual reproduction offspring are identical to parents.
• Sexual reproduction offspring are different (combined traits) but same type of organism.
Example) flies produce flies, dandelions produce dandelions, etc.
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4. Grow and DevelopLiving things may increase in size and develop.
-Unicellular organism grow
-Multicellular organisms grow and develop.
• Growth: the process of becoming larger.
• Development: the process of change in which an organism becomes more complex.
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5. Need Materials and EnergyAn organism uses energy and materials to grow,
develop, and reproduce.
• Metabolism: the combination of all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism.
• All organisms take in needed materials (nutrients, water, air) but obtain energy in different ways.
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• Autotrophs: use energy to produce their own food. Example) Plants
• Heterotrophs: must consume food to get energy. Example) humans, animals
• Decomposers: get energy from eating organisms that have died. Example) vultures, flies (maggots)
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6. Respond to the EnvironmentAll living things have the ability to respond to stimuli
in their environments.
• Stimulus: a signal to which an organism responds (plural: stimuli).
• Response: the reaction to a stimulus.
Example) shivering on a cold day
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7. Maintain Internal Balance
• Homeostasis: regulation of an organism’s internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for its survival.
Example) Humans maintain a constant body temperature.
• Homeostasis involves feedback mechanisms.
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8. Evolution
Evolution: change in a kind of organism over a long period of time.
• Important for survival because the world is always changing.
• Groups of organisms must be able to adapt and evolve.
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Summary of the 8 Characteristics of Living ThingsCharacteristic Example
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