sentences conjunctions run-on sentences comma splices

7/25/2019 Sentences Conjunctions Run-On Sentences Comma Splices

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English A Lesson PlanGrade: 10

Duration:

Date:

Topic:Kinds of Sentences, Clauses, Run-ons, Comma Splices, Conunctions,

Conuncti!e Ad!e"#s

General Objective:

$o use a !a"iet% of sentence t%pes and s%nta& to connect ideas and c"aft '"iting in an inte"esting

and g"ammaticall% co""ect 'a%(

Specific Objectives)

At the end of these lessons the students should #e a#le to)

1( *dentif% the pa"ts of all +inds of complete sentences-simple, compound, comple&, compound-comple&(

( efine and identif% independent and dependent clauses(

.( efine, identif% and co""ect "un-ons, and comma splices(

/( efine and identif% coo"dinating and su#o"dinating conunctions and conuncti!e ad!e"#s(

( "ite complete sentences to achie!e cla"it% and emphasis(

Methods)

1( $e&t#oo+ 'o"+

( Coope"ati!e lea"ning

.( 2"ainsto"ming

/( P"o#lem sol!ing

( iscussions

3( 4uestion and ans'e" sessions

Prior Knowledge

Students should ha!e p"io" +no'ledge of t%pes of sentences- inte""ogati!e, decla"ati!e,

e&clamato"% and impe"ati!e( $he students should also ha!e +no'ledge of t%pes of su#ects and

t%pes of p"edicates(


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Introductor !ctivities

"# $oin

P"o!ide t'o sho"t, simple sentences( $he aim of the game is fo" the child"en to oin them to ma+e

one sentence( $he% 'ill need to use some fo"m of connecti!e and it can #e useful to suggest a

'a% of oining them( 5o" instance)

$he camel ate the ca+e( $he ca+e 'as full of dates(

6ou could as+ the child"en to oin the t'o sentences a#o!e using the 'o"d 7'hich7) e(g( $he

camel ate the ca+e, 'hich 'as full of dates(

P"o!ide child"en 'ith a list o" #o& of connecti!es to help them(

%# &hec' it

"ite up some sentences o" a pa"ag"aph 'ith e""o"s fo" the child"en to chec+( 2uild on the so"ts

of mista+es that the child"en often ma+e so the% get used to identif%ing and co""ecting thei" o'ne""o"s( $hese might include - spellings, punctuation mista+es, changes in tense, slang, etc(

8e "unned do'n the lain(

She 'as dead f"ightened(

* ust umpt o!e" the 'all(

* "an home, Luc% ust 'al+ed(

(# &hange the opening

P"o!ide a simple sentence and as+ the child"en to e&tend it #% adding a chun+ on at the

#eginning( 2uild up a "epe"toi"e of diffe"ent 'a%s to !a"% the opening to sentences, e(g( use an

ad!e"# 9ho':, a time connecti!e 9'hen:, an 7ing 7 o" 7ed7 chun+, one 'o"d, a simile, a

p"epositional ph"ase 9at the end of the lane - 'he"e:, an adecti!e, etc(

2e"tie dug a deep hole

;ight #ecome)

Afte" tea, 2e"tie dug a deep hole( *n the ga"den, 2e"tie dug a deep hole( Ca"efull%, 2e"tie dug adeep hole( As fast as a fe""et, 2e"tie dug a deep hole( 8oping to "each Aust"alia, 2e"tie dug a

deep hole(

)# Drop in

P"o!ide a simple sentence and as+ the child"en to 7d"op in7 a something e&t"a, e(g( adecti!es,

ad!e"#, a ph"ase o" clause( 2e 'a"% of child"en d"opping in too much< =f cou"se - %ou could add

to a sentence #% attaching a #it eithe" end as 'ell(


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2e"tie dug a hole(

;ight #ecome)

2e"tie dug a deep hole(

2e"tie "apidl% dug a hole(

2e"tie, the fa"me"7s dog, dug a hole(

2e"tie, hoping he 'ould soon see a +anga"oo, dug a hole(

*# &ra+ clauses

P"o!ide child"en 'ith a comple& sentence as a model, e(g( >Although it 'as "aining, he still

'al+ed on(?

As+ the child"en to '"ite comple& sentences sta"ting 'ith a !a"iet% of conunctions e(g( although,#ecause, as, 'hile, despite, afte", using the +e% 'o"ds hum#ug and @e#"a, e(g()

Although the @e#"a 'as on a st"ict diet, she still couldn?t "esist the hum#ug(

2ecause of the hum#ug?s "elati!el% small si@e, it 'as onl% "a"el% mista+en fo" a @e#"a(

espite the fact that the @e#"a hadn?t eaten fo" da%s, it ust couldn?t #"ing itself to

consume the st"ip% hum#ug(

Afte" suc+ing a hum#ug, the @e#"a?s st"ipes #ecame mo"e p"ominent#

,# &o-ple. sentence ga-e

PRP=SE) $o gi!e child"en o"al p"actice in const"ucting comple& sentences( ecide on g"oups

of p"efe"a#l% no mo"e than fi!e( Bi!e the same set of inst"uction ca"ds to each g"oup, shuffled

and placed face do'n(

RES=RCES) A set of inst"uction ca"ds fo" each g"oup of child"en(

Change fi"st 'o"d 9o" ph"ase: of su#o"dinate clause /

pointsChange main clause points

Change su#o"dinate clause / pointsC"eate a completel% ne' sentence 3

points

Change main clause points Change su#ect in main clause


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points

;o!e the su#o"dinate clause 3 points ;iss a tu"n 0 points

*S$RC$*=S

$he teache" '"ites a comple& sentence, o" uses one f"om an e&ample of child"en?s '"iting o" a

#oo+(

1( A child in the fi"st g"oup pic+s up a ca"d

( 8e o" she suggests an ans'e" and chec+s 'ith g"oup

.( ;ean'hile, the othe" g"oups conside" an ans'e" in case the fi"st g"oup?s ans'e" is

inco""ect(

/( $he child offe"s an ans'e" and the othe" g"oups and the teache" udge its suita#ilit%(

( $he teache" +eeps the sco"e and can a'a"d full, half o" no points fo" an ans'e"(

3( $he teache" ma% need to "eco"d the sentence on the #oa"d as it is modified(

D( $he fi"st team to sco"e 10 is the 'inne"(

E$ES*=

hen the g"oup has ag"eed thei" ans'e", one child sa%s it, anothe" sa%s >comma? at the

app"op"iate point9s: in the sentence(

$he game can #e pla%ed o!e" a se"ies of da%s and points accumulated(

&ontentKinds of Sentences and Their Punctuation

A sentence ma% #e one of fou" +inds, depending upon the num#e" and t%pe9s: of clauses it

contains(

/eview:

An independent clausecontains a su#ect, a !e"#, and a complete thought(


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A dependent clausecontains a su#ect and a !e"#, #ut no complete thought(

1( A SIMP01 S12T12&1has one independent clause(

Punctuation note) = commas sepa"ate twocompound elements 9su#ect, !e"#, di"ect o#ect,

indi"ect o#ect, su#ecti!e complement, etc(: in a simple sentence(

( A &OMPO32D S12T12&1 has t'o independent clauses oined #%

A( a coo"dinating conunction9for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so:,

2( aconuncti!e ad!e"#9e(g( however, therefore:, o"

C( asemicolonalone(
http://www.towson.edu/ows/conjunctions.htm#COORDINATING%20CONJUNCTIONShttp://www.towson.edu/ows/conjunctions.htm#COORDINATING%20CONJUNCTIONShttp://www.towson.edu/ows/conjunctions.htm#CONJUNCTIVE%20ADVERBShttp://www.towson.edu/ows/conjunctions.htm#CONJUNCTIVE%20ADVERBShttp://www.towson.edu/ows/punct2.htm#semicolonhttp://www.towson.edu/ows/punct2.htm#semicolonhttp://www.towson.edu/ows/conjunctions.htm#CONJUNCTIVE%20ADVERBShttp://www.towson.edu/ows/punct2.htm#semicolonhttp://www.towson.edu/ows/conjunctions.htm#COORDINATING%20CONJUNCTIONS


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Punctuation patterns9to match A, 2, and C a#o!e:)

A( *ndependent clause4 coo"dinating conunction independent clause(

2( *ndependent clause5 conuncti!e ad!e"#4 independent clause(

C( *ndependent clause5independent clause(

.( A &OMP016 S12T12&1 has one dependent clause9headed #% a su#o"dinating

conunction o" a "elati!e p"onoun: oined to anindependent clause(

Punctuation patterns9to match A, 2, C and a#o!e:)

A( ependent clause4independent clause

2( *ndependent clause dependent clause

C( *ndependent4 nonessential dependent clause4 clause(

( *ndependent essential dependent clause (
http://www.towson.edu/ows/sentences.htm#dependent%20clausehttp://www.towson.edu/ows/sentences.htm#independent%20clausehttp://www.towson.edu/ows/sentences.htm#independent%20clausehttp://www.towson.edu/ows/sentences.htm#independent%20clausehttp://www.towson.edu/ows/sentences.htm#dependent%20clausehttp://www.towson.edu/ows/sentences.htm#independent%20clause


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/( A &OMPO32D7&OMP016 S12T12&1has t'o independent clauses oined to one o"

mo"e dependent clauses(

Punctuation patte"ns)

5ollo' the "ules gi!en a#o!e fo" compound and comple& sentences(

A compound-comple& sentence is me"el% a com#ination of the t'o(

&O221&TO/S77&OMPO32D !2D &OMP016 S12T12&1S

$'o independent clausesma% #e oined #%

1( Coo"dinating conunctions 95A2=6S: Ic4 and ic

( Conuncti!e ad!e"#s Ic5 therefore4 ic#
http://www.towson.edu/ows/sentences.htm#independent%20clausehttp://www.towson.edu/ows/conjunctions.htm#COORDINATING%20CONJUNCTIONShttp://www.towson.edu/ows/conjunctions.htm#CONJUNCTIVE%20ADVERBShttp://www.towson.edu/ows/conjunctions.htm#CONJUNCTIVE%20ADVERBShttp://www.towson.edu/ows/sentences.htm#independent%20clausehttp://www.towson.edu/ows/conjunctions.htm#COORDINATING%20CONJUNCTIONShttp://www.towson.edu/ows/conjunctions.htm#CONJUNCTIVE%20ADVERBS


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A dependent 9su#o"dinate: clausema% #e int"oduced #%

1( Su#o"dinating conunctions9AFER2 CLASE: Dc4 ic# o" Ic dc#

( Relati!e p"onouns9AGEC$*FE CLASE: I4 dc4 c# o" I dc c#

.( Relati!e p"onoun, su#o"dinating conunctions, o" ad!e"#s9= CLASE:

&O2$32&TIO2S

Conunctions a"e 'o"ds used as oine"s(

iffe"ent +inds of conunctions oin diffe"ent +inds of g"ammatical st"uctu"es(

$he follo'ing a"e the 'inds of conjunctions:

!# &OO/DI2!TI2G &O2$32&TIO2S 95A2=6S:

for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

&oordinating conjunctionsoin eHuals to one anothe")

'o"ds to 'o"ds, ph"ases to ph"ases, clauses to clauses(

Coo"dinating conunctions usuall% fo"m loose" connections than othe" conunctions do(
http://www.towson.edu/ows/sentences.htm#dependent%20clausehttp://www.towson.edu/ows/conjunctions.htm#SUBORDINATING%20CONJUNCTIONShttp://www.towson.edu/ows/pronouns.htm#Relative%20Pronounshttp://www.towson.edu/ows/adverbs.htmhttp://www.towson.edu/ows/sentences.htm#dependent%20clausehttp://www.towson.edu/ows/conjunctions.htm#SUBORDINATING%20CONJUNCTIONShttp://www.towson.edu/ows/pronouns.htm#Relative%20Pronounshttp://www.towson.edu/ows/adverbs.htm


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Coo"dinating conunctions go in #et'een items oined, not at the #eginning o" end(

Punctuation with coordinating conjunctions:

hen a coo"dinating conunction oins two'o"ds, ph"ases, o" su#o"dinate clauses, no commashould #e placed #efo"e the conunction(

A coo"dinating conunction oining three or -ore 'o"ds, ph"ases, o" su#o"dinate clauses c"eates

a se"ies and "eHui"es commas #et'een the elements(


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A coo"dinating conunction oining two independent clausesc"eates a compound sentenceand

"eHui"es a comma #efo"e the coo"dinating conunction

&O2$32&TI81 !D81/9S

$hese conunctions oin independent clauses togethe"(

$he follo'ing a"e f"eHuentl% used conuncti!e ad!e"#s)

after all in addition next

also incidentally nonetheless

as a result indeed on the contrary

besides in fact on the other hand

consequently in other words otherwise

finally instead still
http://www.towson.edu/ows/sentences.htm#COMPOUND%20SENTENCEhttp://www.towson.edu/ows/sentences.htm#COMPOUND%20SENTENCE


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for example likewise then

furthermore meanwhile therefore

hence moreover thus

however nevertheless

Punctuation: Place a semicolon #efo"e the conuncti!e ad!e"# and a comma afte" the

conuncti!e ad!e"#(

D# S39O/DI2!TI2G &O2$32&TIO2S

$hese 'o"ds a"e commonl% used as su#o"dinating conunctions

after in order (that) unless

although insofar as until

as in that when

as far as lest whenever


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as soon as no matter how where

as if now that wherever

as though once whether

because provided (that) while

before since why

even if so that

even though supposing (that)

how than

if that

inasmuch as though

in case (that) till

Su#o"dinating conunctions also oin t'o clauses togethe", #ut in doing soI the% ma+e one clause

dependent 9o" Jsu#o"dinateJ: upon the othe"(


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A su#o"dinating conunction ma% appea" at a sentence #eginning o" #et'een t'o clauses in a

sentence(

A su#o"dinate conunction usuall% p"o!ides a tighte" connection #et'een clauses than a

coo"dinating conunctions does(

0oose: *t is "aining, so'e ha!e an um#"ella(

Tight: Because it is raining, 'e ha!e an um#"ella(

Punctuation 2ote:

hen the dependent clause is placed fi"st in a sentence, use a comma #et'een the t'o clauses( hen th

independent clause is placed fi"st and the dependent clause second, do not sepa"ate the t'o clauses 'ithcomma(


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/un7on Sentences and &o--a Splices

1( efinition)

a: Run-on sentence)

$'o o" mo"e independent clauses a"e oined togethe" 'ithout a coo"dinating conunction and

'ithout punctuation(

9e(g() Ganet left fo" 'o"+ ea"l% she a""i!ed late(:

#: Comma splice)

$'o o" mo"e clauses a"e oined 'ith a comma #ut 'ithout a coo"dination conunction(

9e(g() Ganet left fo" 'o"+ ea"l%, she a""i!ed late(:

( Some st"ategies fo" "e!ision


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2ecause "un-on sentences and comma splices occu" 'hen t'o independent clauses a"e oined,

%ou can co""ect eithe" e""o" using one of fi!e methods

E&amples) Ganet left fo" 'o"+ ea"l% she a""i!ed late( 9"un-on sentence:

Ganet left fo" 'o"+ ea"l%, she a""i!ed late 9comma splice:

a: se a pe"iod)

Ganet left fo" 'o"+ ea"l%( She a""i!ed late(

#: se a semicolon)

Ganet left fo" 'o"+ ea"l%I she a""i!ed late(

c: se a comma plus a coo"dinating conunction 95A2=6S) fo", and, no", #ut, o", %et, so:

Ganet left fo" 'o"+ ea"l%, #ut she a""i!ed late(

d: se a semicolon and a t"ansitional 'o"d 9#esides, conseHuentl%, ho'e!e", mo"eo!e", etc:

Ganet left fo" 'o"+ ea"l%I ho'e!e", she a""i!ed late(

e: Change one of the clauses to a su#o"dinate clause #% means of a su#o"dinating conunction

Although Ganet left fo" 'o"+ ea"l%, she a""i!ed late(

1valuation 1.ercises

1nglish 0anguage ui+ 2a-e: ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

Date:;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

Section !: Si-ple4 &o-pound4 and &o-ple. Sentences

*nst"uctions) Select the co""ect option(

1( A su#ect and a !e"# that cannot

stand alone a"e called a (

( a( simple sentence

.( #( independent clause


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/( c( dependent clause

( d( comple& sentence

3( 8e" left a"m 'as #adl% #"o+en at the

'"ist du"ing the ca" accident(

D( a( a simple sentence

M( #( a compound sentence

N( c( a comple& sentence

10( ;"s( Ca""e"o said that 'ill #e

enough, and e!e"%one ag"eed(

11( a( a simple sentence

1( #( a compound sentence

1.( c( a comple& sentence

1/( * +no' %ou don7t li+e him, #ut that

doesn7t matte"(

1( a( a simple sentence13( #( a compound sentence

1D( c( a comple& sentence

1M( E"ic "an home the "est of the 'a%

#ecause he +ne' he 'as in t"ou#le(

1N( a( a simple sentence


1( c( a comple& sentence

( Although he sea"ched e!e"%'he"e,

;"( 2"oo+s could not find the +e%s to

the compute" la#(.( a( a simple sentence

/( #( a compound sentence

( c( a comple& sentence

3( Eliah "emained at home #ecause he

had a so"e th"oat( 9 points:


M( #( a compound sentence

N( c( a comple& sentence

.0( *n 'hich of the follo'ing sentence

t%pes a"e 5A2=6S o" semicolons

9I: used to oin clausesO

.1( a( simple sentences

.( #( compound sentences

..( c( comple& sentences

./( Since 'e had onl% gone a mile f"om

camp, 'e could tu"n #ac+ #efo"e

da"+(

.( a( a simple sentence

.3( #( a compound sentence

.D( c( a comple& sentence

.M( "( ;atthe's did 'hat could #e

done, #ut it simpl% 'as not enough

to sa!e his life(

.N( a( a simple sentence

/0( #( a compound sentence

/1( c( a comple& sentence

/( hat t%pe of sentence has t'o

independent clauses and is oined #%

a 5A2=6S 9conunction: o" asemicolonO

/.( a( a simple sentence

//( #( a compound sentence

/( c( a comple& sentence

/3( $hose clouds p"omise sno'I 'e

might get anothe" sno' da% off f"om

school(

/D( a( a simple sentence

/M( #( a compound sentence

/N( c( a comple& sentence0( $he !acation to ;%"tle 2each should

#e e&t"emel% "estful(

1( a( a simple sentence

( #( a compound sentence

.( c( a comple& sentence

/( A simple sentence that stands alone

is called (

( a( a dependent clause

3( #( an independent clause

D( c( a ph"ase

M( hile the music pla%ed, Rachel

snea+ed in th"ough the side doo"(

N( a( a simple sentence




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3( ad 'ent hunting, #ut ;ama

decided to sta% home(

3.( a( a simple sentence

3/( #( a compound sentence


33( ;% classmates 'e"e 'ea"ing hea!%

clothes in the 'inte" months(

3D( a( a simple sentence

3M( #( a compound sentence

3N( c( a comple& sentence

D0( Sa"ah and Ashle% giggled and

'hispe"ed all night(

D1( a( a simple sentence

D( #( a compound sentence

D.( c( a comple& sentence

D/( A sentence 'ith one independent

clause and at least one dependent

clause is called (


D3( #( a compound sentence

DD( c( a comple& sentence

DM( ;a"a and Kell% had planned to

"etu"n to Canada(

DN( a( a simple sentence

M0( #( a compound sentence

M1( c( a comple& sentence

M(

90 ma"+s:


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103( Eight people got into the ele!ato", #ut it 'as c"o'ded, so th"ee people got

off(

10D(

"10M( Beo"gia gathe"ed the pictu"es so she could a""ange them in a special al#um

fo" he" famil%(


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10N( 910 ma"+s:

""?# Section &: &lauses4 &o-ple. sentences4 &o-pound7co-ple. sentences

111( *dentif% the independent and su#o"dinate clauses in the follo'ing sentences and

dete"mine 'hethe" the% a"e comple& o" compound-comple&(

11(

" 11.( Gason decided to sta% up late #ecause he had a lot of home'o"+ to do(

11/(

% 11( *f %ou hu""%, 'e might get to school on time(

113(

( 11D( Although ;onica had a cold, she 'ent to school #ecause she had a test(

11M(

) 11N( hile 'ashing the ca", $odd slipped on the soap and he fell(

10(

* 11( ad ta+es the t"ain to 'o"+ e!en though he has a ca"(

1(

,1.( Afte" ;om a""i!ed, she put the dis+ in the F pla%e" and 'e 'atched a

g"eat mo!ie(

1/(= 1(13( E!en though his hea"t pounded 'ith d"ead, 2en #olted up the stai"s, and hechec+ed out the st"ange noise(

1D(

< 1M( ;oll% #a+ed #"o'nies since she had nothing else to do(

1N(

>

1.0(

1.1( Ka"en made a list of 'hat 'as needed, and she dou#le-chec+ed it so she

'ouldn7t fo"get an%thing(

1.(

" 1..( 5"an+ had a good sense of humou", so he laughed a lot(

1./( 9. ma"+s:

1.(

"(,#

"(=# 1nglish 0anguage ui+ 2a-e:

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;


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"(


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1( 3: Chic+ens should not #e allo'ed to li!e f"eel% on the campus #ecause the% cause stin+%

odou"s ma+e noise and no one 'ants to clean afte"( $%pe

1.(

(

1/( D: An%time students 'ant to lie do'n on the la'n the% need a place that loo+ clean and

ha!e a f"esh ai" the"efo"e the% cannot ta+e a nap o" stud%( $%pe

1(

(

13( M: 2ut * st"ongl% disag"ee 'ith that opinion, chic+ens should not #e allo'ed on campus

at all(

1D( $%pe

1M(

(

1N( N: u"ing the time students a"e in the la# if the chic+ens ma+e a lot a noise the students

'on?t focus to do thei" o#( $%pe

130( (

131( 10: *n conclusion, if the chic+ens li!e f"eel% on campus #ecause students let them li!e

f"ee then these students should clean the chic+ens mess( $%pe

13( (

163.

sentences conjunctions run-on sentences comma splices

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