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Sensing Systems and Sensor Networks

Simon LabovDirector, Radiation Detection Center

Don ProsnitzDeputy Director, Homeland Security

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

September 8, 2005

This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California,

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48.

UCRL-PRES-215493

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We are addressing all aspects of WMD

threat reduction

LLNL provides integrated systems solutions for homeland security

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We have an active program to counter thechemical and biological threats

Early detection and rapidcharacterization

Urban environment modeling andprediction

Decontamination and restoration

Underlying chemical and biologicalscience

Conduct demonstration programs in real-worldsettings with end users from public health, lawenforcement, and emergency response

BASIS/Biowatch

LINC

Bioforensics

OPCW certified lab

PROTECT Model Cities

RestoreOps

Sentinels

Develop science, technology, and integrated networks andsystems to defend against chemical and biological terrorism

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We support the national radiological &nuclear architecture

Expertise

Nuclear weapons

technology

Weapons effects

expertise

Nuclear threatassessment &

response

Radiation detection

Programs

MPC&A

2nd Line of Defense

Megaports

Nuclear Incident Response Teams

Nuclear Assessment

Program

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How can make an impact?First, we ask the users for what they want...

Cost as low as possible

Easy to use and understand by non-expert

Portable and light weight, or easy todeploy

Automated assistance in interpretation

Low maintenance, robust

Selective to minimize false alarms

Oh yes, it should also be sensitive, able to measure real threats

Networks? I prefer cable!

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New materials and techniques provideimproved spectral resolution

Good resolution room-temperaturegamma-ray spectrometers

Lanthanum-based scintillators

Improved read out of CdZnTe

Alternative wide-gapsemiconductors

Integration of large arrays of smallpixels

High resolution gamma-rayspectrometers using Ge detectors andportable coolers

Ultra high-resolution gamma-rayspectrometers using very lowtemperature superconductors

Large crystal of aluminumantimonide under developmentfor high resolution gamma-raydetection without cooling

Improved spectral resolution is essential forreducing false alarms and improving sensitivity

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Gamma-ray imager for nuclear search operations

Goal: Improve sensitivity for vehicle-based nuclear search operations

Current technology: Large (4 liter)gamma-ray detectors

LLNL Prototype: Larger (57 liter)detector with imaging to isolatethreats from background

Measurements demonstrate longrange detection and improvedsensitivity with imaging

LLNL Large gamma-ray imager moving at 10 mphdetects 1 mCi 137Cs source at 83 m.

0

50

100

150

200

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-100 -50 0 50 100

Coun

ts/m

Truck Position (m)

SourceDistance(m)

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-100Truck Position (m)

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100-50 0 50 100

Without imaging, the source is notdetected.

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Regional monitoring with ubiquitoussensor networks

Fixed or portal detectors areuseful but cant cover largeareas

By spreading out the detectorelements , detection can

extend over an entiremetropolitan area

Distribution of detectors israndom and difficult tocircumvent

System can track the position of

a source as it moves throughthe network

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RadNet: a cell-phone-based radiationsensor network

A pocket-size instrument Low-power, low-cost, pixilated CZT detector

Isotope-identification software

GPS locator

Cellular telephone

Personal digital assistant (PDA) with Internet

access Operations

Smart personal radiation alarm andmeasurement tool

Large-scale detector network monitoring themovement of nuclear materials, weapons, and

radioactive contamination System goals

Unit cost: 18 hours

Network size: 10,000 units

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Ultimately a sensor network should fusemany types of information

Radiation sensors:

Radiation portal monitors

Radiation pagers

Radioisotope Identifiers

Large mobile radiation

detectors High-resolution (HPGe)

gamma-ray spectrometers

Radiation detector arrays

Imaging radiation detectors

Radiography

Non-radiation sensors:

Intelligence information

Traffic sensors and cameras

Vehicle weight

Surveillance imagery

Weather conditions Manifest information

Cargo (air, maritime) arrivalinformation

Radiation-triggered images

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LLNL plays a key role in assisting federal, state,and local entities defend against WMD terrorism

We work with end users to understand their needs andensure that technologies developed meet real-world needs

We integrate multiple scientific and technical disciplines todevelop systems solutions

We address the problem end to end, from threatassessment through capability concept, from prototypedemonstration to product commercialization

We are committed to working with private industry to get

improved capabilities into the hands of first responders

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The success of homeland security dependson private industry

Cepheids Smart CyclerTM

Sunnyvale, CA

Smiths BioSeeqTM

Baltimore, MD

Adaptable Radiation Area Monitor

Innovative Survivability Technologies

Goleta, CA

ORTECs Detective

Oak Ridge, TN

TTEC

www.trivalleytec.org

PowerStor Corporation

Dublin, CA

Ocellus Technologies

Livermore, CA

MicroFluidic Systems, Inc.

Pleasanton, CA