sensation perception - mrs. krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...sensation...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Sensation &
Perception Day 1
![Page 2: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Scientific Names for the Seven Senses (You Should Know These)
• Seeing: Visual • Hearing: Auditory • Tasting: Gustatory • Smelling: Olfactory • Sense of Touch: Tactile • Balance: Vestibular • Body Sense Kinesthetic
![Page 3: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers
Perception The way the brain organizes and interprets the data received by our senses
Prosopagnosia Complete sensation in the absence of perception
Example of Prosopagnosia: FACE BLINDNESS (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VKa-PuJCrO4&feature=related)
Can you have sensation without perception?
![Page 4: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Bottom-up Processing
Analysis of the stimulus begins with the sense receptors and works up to the level of the brain
and mind.
Letter “A” is really a black blotch broken down into features by the brain that we perceive as an “A.”
![Page 5: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Top-Down Processing • Information processing guided by higher-level
mental processes as we construct perceptions, drawing on our experience and expectations.
• Top Down Processing explains how our expectations and prior experiences guide our perceptions.
THE CHT
![Page 6: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Bottom Up Vs. Top Down
• What do you see?
![Page 7: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Bottom Up vs. Top Down What do You See?
Optical Illusion Girlfriend
![Page 8: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Top-Down Processing
• Aoccdrnig to rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it
deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are,
the olny iprmoetnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer
be at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a total mses
and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is
bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter
by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe.
![Page 9: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Sensation vs. Perception What do you see?
![Page 10: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Sensation vs. Perception What do you see?
![Page 11: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Sensation vs. Perception What do you see?
![Page 12: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Psychophysics
• Psychophysics: study of the relationship between physical characteristics of stimuli and our psychological experience of them
– Light - brightness – Sound - volume – Pressure - weight – Taste - sweetness
![Page 13: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Thresholds Absolute Threshold Minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time.
Subliminal Messages Messages presented below absolute thresholds – not consciously perceived
![Page 14: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
“Subliminal Messages” • Some have argued that humans still “pick up”
these messages that influence our “unconscious.” Do these messages have suggestive powers?
• Skeptics argue “Subliminal Messages” are
heavily influenced by top down processes. • Example: Feeling “hungry” during subliminal
advertisements. Mr. Subliminal
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CR_oykGeGPc)
![Page 15: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
“Subliminal Messages” • What does the research say?
![Page 16: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Subliminal Message In Beer Ad?
![Page 17: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Subliminal Messages In Money
![Page 18: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Subliminal Message In “The Lion King?”
![Page 19: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Difference Threshold Amount of change needed to notice that a change has occurred.
Weber’s Law: The greater or stronger the stimulus, the greater the change required to notice that a change has occurred. The two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (rather than a constant amount), to be perceived as different.
JND = just noticeable difference
![Page 20: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Difference Threshold Demo and Weber’s Law examples
![Page 21: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Sensation: Thresholds
• Signal Detection Theory: predicts how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise)
• Assumes that there is no single absolute threshold
because the idea of a threshold ignores the decision-making ability of the test subject.
• What might a person’s detection of a stimulus
depend on? Signal Detection Demonstration
(http://www.cogs.indiana.edu/software/SigDetJ2/index.html)
![Page 22: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Sensory Adaptation Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of
constant stimulation.
Put a band aid on your arm and after awhile you don’t sense it.
![Page 23: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Now you see, now you don’t
![Page 24: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Marker Activity
![Page 25: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The EYE
vision
![Page 26: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
David HUBEL & Torsten WIESEL
• Discovered that most cells in the visual cortex only respond to particular features. For example, maybe a cell responds only to lines at this \ angle.
key name
Wiesel was awarded the 1981 Nobel prize in Medicine and Physiology. His Nobel Lecture was entitled 'The postnatal development of the visual cortex and influence of environment.’ Wiesel recognized that covering one eye of a young animal could cause that eye to lose its connection to the visual cortex.
![Page 27: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Feature Detection
Nerve cells in the visual cortex respond to specific features, such as edges, angles, and
movement.
Ros
s Kin
naird
/ Alls
port/
Get
ty Im
ages
![Page 28: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The Eye
![Page 29: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Biology of Vision: Know the Steps
1. Light enters the eye through the cornea: (transparent protector) and passes through the pupil: (small opening/hole).
2. The size of the opening (pupil) is regulated by the iris: the colored portion of your eye that is a muscular tissue which widens or constricts the pupil causing either more or less light to get in.
![Page 30: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Biology of Vision: Know the Steps 3. Behind the pupil, the lens, a transparent structure,
changes its curvature in a process called accommodation, and focuses the light rays into an image on the light-sensitive back surface called the retina: where image is focused.
![Page 32: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Biology of Vision: Know the Steps 4. Image coming through activates photoreceptors in
the retina called rods and cones (process information for darkness and color).
5. As rods and cones set off chemical reactions they form a synapse with bipolar cells which transducts light energy into neural impulses.
6. The action potential travels along the ganglion cells which send information up the optic nerve (bundle of neurons that take information from retina to the brain)
![Page 33: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Biology of Vision: Know the Steps 7. The Optic Nerve carries neural information to be
processed by the Thalamus (sensory switchboard).
8. Thalamus sends information to the visual cortex which resides in the occipital lobe.
9. The brain then constructs what you are seeing and
turns image right side up.
![Page 34: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Parts of Retina 1. Fovea: central focal point of the retina, where cones
cluster.
2. Cones: photoreceptor located near center of retina (fovea) – fine detail and color vision – daylight or well-lit conditions
3. Rods: photoreceptor located near peripheral retina – detect black, white and gray – twilight or low light
4. Bipolar Cells: create visual neural impulses
![Page 35: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The Retina
Find Your Blind Spot Activity (p. 207)
![Page 36: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Most Common Errors In Vision • Acuity: the sharpness of vision • Nearsightedness:
– nearby objects seen more clearly – lens focuses image of distant objects in front of
retina
• Farsightedness: – faraway objects seen more clearly – lens focuses near objects behind retina
![Page 37: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
COLOR
vision
![Page 40: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Long wavelengths
Physical Characteristics of Light
Wavelength =
hue/color
Different wavelengths of light result in different colors.
400 nm 700 nm Short wavelengths
Violet Indigo Blue Green Yellow Orange Red
![Page 41: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
intensity/brightness Amplitude =
![Page 42: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
COLOR mixing Subtractive Color Mixing mixing pigments (like paint). Result is:
Additive Color Mixing mixing different colored lights. Result is:
![Page 43: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Retina
Retina: The light-sensitive inner
surface of the eye, containing receptor rods and cones in
addition to layers of other neurons
(bipolar, ganglion cells) that process visual information.
![Page 44: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Photoreceptors
E.R. Lewis, Y.Y. Zeevi, F.S Werblin, 1969
Let’s do a liEle experiment to “map” our rods & cones
![Page 45: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Thomas YOUNG & Hermann HELMOLTZ
• Trichromatic color theory (RGB) - some cones are especially sensitive to red, some to green, some to blue
key name
![Page 46: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Typical cases of Color Blindness support the Trichromatic theory.
![Page 47: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Opponent Process Theory There are three opponent channels:
red vs. green
blue vs. yellow & black vs.white
While the trichromatic theory defines the way the retina of the eye allows the visual system to detect color with three types of cones, the opponent process theory accounts for mechanisms that receive and process information from cones.
![Page 48: Sensation Perception - Mrs. Krnichmrskrnichnhs.weebly.com/uploads/6/0/2/2/60227009/s___p...Sensation Information coming into our brain from our sensory receivers Perception The way](https://reader034.vdocuments.mx/reader034/viewer/2022052321/60abddafdaf48d6a6b45dcd3/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Opponent Process Theory Gaze at the middle of the flag.
When it disappears, stare at the dot and report whether or not you see Britain'ʹs flag.
What just happened is called a NEGATIVE AFTERIMAGE