sensation and perception gateway to the outside world
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Sensation and PerceptionGateway to the outside world
![Page 2: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Definitions Sensation
The stimulation of sensory receptors and the transmission of sensory information to the Central Nervous System
Perception The psychological
process through which we interpret sensory information
![Page 3: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Definitions Absolute threshold
The weakest amount of stimulus that can be sensed
Difference threshold The minimum amount
of difference that can be detected between two stimuli
![Page 4: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Absolute Threshold
![Page 5: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Definitions
Sensory adaptation The process by which
we become more sensitive to weak stimuli and less sensitive to unchanging stimuli
![Page 6: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Definitions Signal-Detection
Theory The method of distinguishing
sensory stimuli that takes into account not only the stimuli’s strengths but also such variable elements as the setting, your physical state, your mood, and your attitudes
![Page 7: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Vision How does sight work? What are the main parts of the eye? How does color vision work? What is color blindness and what causes
it?
![Page 8: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Vision Vision accounts for
80% of the sensory information processed by the brain
The key component of vision is light
![Page 9: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Vision Light is comprised of
electromagnetic waves
The human eye sees a small portion of the spectrum of wavelengths
Visible light can be broken down into its key components
![Page 10: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Vision In order from
shortest to longest: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet
The nonvisible ranges include ultraviolet and infrared
![Page 11: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Parts of the Eye Pupil
Controls the amount of light that enters the eye
Lens The lens controls the
clarity of the image Retina
The surface upon which the image is projected
![Page 12: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Parts of the Eye Photoreceptors
Neurons which are sensitive to light
Information is transmitted via the photoreceptors to the brain
Rods Sensitive to the brightness
of light
Cones Cones provide color vision
![Page 13: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Vision
Definition Visual acuity
The sharpness of an image which is determined by the ability to see visual details in normal light
Measured by a Snellen Chart
![Page 14: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Vision Measured against
a distance of 20 feet
Numbers show what a person would see against a normal person’s vision
Farsighted vs. nearsighted
![Page 15: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Vision Afterimages
Visual impression that remains after the original image is removed
Blind spot Area vision which
is blocked by lack of photoreceptors
![Page 16: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
How vision works
![Page 18: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Color Blindness Some people are unable
to see normal color vision Due to the absence or
malfunction of the cones Most common (99%) is
red-green in which person has difficulty seeing shades of red or green
8% of males and 1% of females
![Page 19: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Hearing What two characteristics do every sound
have? What are the main parts of the ear and
how do they work? What are some causes of deafness?
![Page 20: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Sound Pitch
How high or low a sound is (frequency)
The frequency depends on the number of cycles per second
The more cycles, the higher the pitch
![Page 21: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Sound Pitch is measured in Hertz (Hz) Over the course of time, we lose the
ability to hear different frequency. At age 25, you begin to lose your
ability to hear over 15,000 Hz Take the test
http://www.noiseaddicts.com/2009/03/can-you-hear-this-hearing-test/
![Page 22: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Sound Loudness
The loudness of a sound is determined by the height of the sound wave
This is known as the amplitude
Loudness is measure in decibels (dB)
![Page 23: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Sound Loudness can be
subjective A person’s
sensitivity to sound and the duration can influence perceived loudness
![Page 24: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The Ear
![Page 25: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Ear Pinea
Outer flap of tissue that is use to help funnel the sound to the eardrum
Eardrum A thin membrane that
vibrates when sound hits it Hammer, Anvil, & Stirrup
Small bones in the middle ear which transmit the sound to the inner ear
Stirrup is smallest bone in the body
![Page 26: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Ear Cochlea
Bony tube in the ear that contains the fluids and neurons needed to transmit sounds to the brain
Auditory nerve Nerve that transmits
neural impulses from the inner ear to the brain
![Page 27: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Locating Sound Determining
locations of sounds is based upon the principles of stereo sound
The level measured in each ear helps to determine where the sound originated
![Page 28: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Deafness May be inherited
or caused by injury, disease or old age
Two primary types of deafness Conductive Sensorineural
![Page 29: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Conductive Deafness Occurs due to
damage to the middle ear
Usually aided by devices that amplify sound
Happens when the eardrum is ruptured or through aging
![Page 30: Sensation and Perception Gateway to the outside world](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062804/5697bf861a28abf838c87c7a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Sensorineural Deafness Caused due to damage
in the inner ear May be mild, moderate
or severe Can be born this way or
due to prolonged exposure to loud sounds
Can be aided by cochlear implants