Senior University GeorgetownWinter 2013

Creating Pathways for Ancient Peoples

Session 3

Out of Africa and into the northern Temperate Zone

Our new reference check-outs

GEOLOGY BOOKS!

books & sign-out sheet on back table

books & sign-out sheet on back table

. . . book list is on the website

. . . book list is on the website

Geology in the News

Geology in the NewsFrom the New York Times

Feb. 3, 2013

The broad picture: oil & gas from shales

Amazing opportunities to use horizontal drilling in California

Focus on California

Focus on California

Large areas in California where the largest gas and oil reserves are locked in the Monterey Shale

In addition to the Monterey, large complex, old California oil fields will yield very large oil through horizontal drilling: e.g. Midway-Sunset oil field

San Joaquin Basin

Santa Barbra Basin

Midway-Sunset oil field 584 million bbls remaining

The Monterey source shale is prospective in all these basins

First let’s look at the Midway-Sunset field

Midway-Sunset oil field

Midway-Sunset oil field: 3 billion bbls the largest oil field in California

Santa Barbara Channel oil well blow-out, 1959

Santa Barbara Channel oil well blow-out, 1959

Santa Barbara Channel oil well blow-out, 1959

Santa Barbara Channel oil well blow-out, 1959

Santa Barbara Channel oil well blow-out, 1959Geologic Cross-Section

Now, back to our Session 3

Now, back to our Session 3

Remember Sandi has taken us to: 1. Tanzania where fossils record the advent of the human race 2. then to South Africa where early humans

migrated south from TanzaniaAnd today Rocky will take us to

France where early humans migrated north from Tanzania into Europe

Photo by Rocky RomeroSunset from the Eifel Tower

Where have fossils of Homo sapiens been found?

Location & Age of fossils of Homo sapiens

150,000 YBP

115,000 YBP

100,000 YBP120,000 YBP20,000 YBP

Let’s start in Tanzania & migrate to South Africa If you were an early Homo sapiens

why would you want to leave?

Tropics

Temperate climate

If you were an early human,why would you leave Tanzania

We’re in the early Stone Age and there are too many humans trying to live

by hunting & gathering here

So where will you go? Down one of the rivers to the coast or

down the highlands that are like your home in Tanzania?

Let’s look at a topographic map and see where the highlands will take us

Tropics

Temperate climate

How did early humans get from Tanzania to South Africa?

We don’t know, but they could have gone down the rivers

Or they could have followed the highland hills which are like where

they had lived?

Possible migration routes out of theEast African Rift

Focus on the topography of Africa south of Tanzania

South AfricaLet’s look at these countries and see if they had the natural resources to become great nations

Remember Tanzania

Location of advent of humans

Early Human Migration South to South Africa

In what present-day countries would these first humans have settled on

their way to South Africa?

Tanzania, Mozambique, Zambia,Zimbabwe, & South Africa

No farm land, just grazing land, and no Cu, Sn, Fe, or coal

Tanzania

Next, Mozambique

Rift lakes are the southern extension of the East African Rift System

TanzaniaLong Narrow Rift Valley Lakes

A quick look at Mozambique

Countries from Tanzania to South Africa

Tanzania, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, & South Africa

Mozambique

Mozambique up close

Mozambique up close

Indian Ocean

Mozambique: No farmland but has iron and coal

Next, Zimbabwe (Southern Rhodesia)

Can you find Zimbabwe?

Google Earth: Zimbabwe

Remember the large farming areas in Zimbabwe?

Google Earth: focus on

Zimbabwe

Mozambique

Zimbabwe (Rhodesia)

Zimbabwe (Southern Rhodesia)

Zimbabwe up close

Harare

Zimbabwe up close

Farm land in the Tropics!

Harare

Can we find the farmland on Google Earth?

Google Earth: Focus on Zimbabwe (former Southern Rhodesia):Looking for farming areas

Area 1

Area 2

Looking for farming areas onGoogle Earth, Area 1

Looking for farming areas onGoogle Earth, Area 2

Why are we interested in farming and grazing areas?

They along with iron, coal, and oil have shaped human history from the beginning

Does Zimbabwe have any iron or coal?

Harare

Zimbabwe up close

Farm land in the Tropics!

Harare

With farmland, iron and coal, was this a important African country

African Nations

Tropics

South Africa

South Africa:is out of the Tropics!has a major river, the Orange

Tropics

What did early humans find when they migrated into the country that is now South Africa?

What else does the land of South Africa have?

Topographic Map; Southern Africa

What route did first humans take to get to South Africa?

Some interesting Information sources