senes consultants limited waste to energy opportunities and challenges ganga river basin management...
TRANSCRIPT
SENES Consultants Limited
Waste to EnergyOpportunities and Challenges
Ganga River Basin Management PlanStakeholders Meeting
IIT Delhi23 September 2011
Murali GanapathyWaste Management and Climate Change Group
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Agenda
Waste to Energy: Basics
Advantages
Technologies
PPP Opportunities
Challenges
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Agenda
Waste to Energy: Basics
Advantages
Technologies
Opportunities
Challenges
SENES Consultants Limited
Waste to Energy: Basics
WTE is one type of waste management
technique
Most suitable for organic waste – solid and
liquid containing high organics capable of
decomposition
Solid waste can be:
MSW / garbage
Industrial waste
Processing waste
Waste is converted to energy: electricity, steam,
gaseous fuels
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Agenda
Waste to Energy: Basics
Advantages
Technologies
Opportunities
Challenges
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Waste to Energy: Advantages
Volume and mass reduction: 60% to 90%
Land demand for land filling is reduced
Savings in overall waste transportation
costs
Potential for pollution mitigation
Resource utilization: power, compost,
organic fertilizer, gaseous fuels (syngas,
H2, biogas)
Carbon emission reduction
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Agenda
Waste to Energy: Basics
Advantages
Technologies
Opportunities
Challenges
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Waste to Energy: Technologies
Combustion Incineration/Mass Burn RDF combustion
Gasification/Pyrolysis Fluidized bed gasification Plasma gasification
Anaerobic digestion Controlled biomethanation for
organics Landfill gas capture
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Incineration
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Incineration
Common commercial technology for
waste management in developed
countries.
Over 4 lakh TPD of waste is being
incinerated in about 600 plants in 35
countries.
Estimated to be generating 10,000
MW power.
Tried in Timarpur, Delhi – didn’t work
due to high moisture/low calorific
value of MSW
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RDF
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RDF
Recovery of combustible particles from MSW through segregation, drying and shredding.
Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF): fuel for Cement Kilns or can be combusted for generation of Power.
Need for pollution control equipment required to control emissions.
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Gasification
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Gasification
Partial combustion in absence or restricted supply of air/O2 to form combustible gases
Combustible gases used for heat directly or for motive power/electricity through gas engines
Promising and environmentally clean thermo-chemical process
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Plasma Gasification
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Plasma Gasification
Less polluting than combustion/incineration
No SOX/NOX issues (no O2)
Toxic materials encapsulated: much safer to handle
Highest efficiency of conversion
High Costs and still in commercial demo stage
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Anaerobic Digestion
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Anaerobic Digestion
Biogas from biodegradable fraction of waste for fuel/power and organic manure
Environmentally benign for segregated uniform solid or liquid wastes
Many successful Indian applications (mostly small scale)
Capital cost – financially competitive
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Landfill Gas Capture
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Landfill Gas Capture
Anaerobic decomposition of waste in landfills produces landfill gas ( 40 - 60% CH4)
Landfill Gas can be captured, purified and utilized for power generation
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Project Experience Plasco Energy – Waste to energy
using plasma gasification; Anaerobic digestion of wastewater
sludge and MSW organic components at Cancun, Mexico;
Wastewater sludge and organic MSW at Campeche, Mexico;
LFG at Puebla, Mexico and for GAIL at Delhi Ghazipur landfill.
Waste gasification PPP proposed at Maldives;
DBO at Belize for MSW; DBO at Guyana for Industrial waste
Advantages
Technologies
Opportunities
Challenges
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Agenda
Waste to Energy: Basics
Advantages
Technologies
Opportunities
Challenges
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Waste to Energy: Opportunities in GRBMP
Anaerobic digestion of wastewater, organics (municipal waste, processing plants);
RDF of waste is also an option;
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Agenda
Waste to Energy: Basics
Advantages
Technologies
Opportunities
Challenges
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Waste to Energy: Challenges
Management of waste streams is
difficult.
Industrial discharge need to be
controlled.
Garbage disposal by public is an
issue.
Educating public and private sector is
key.
Need to assess capacity of ULB’s to
manage and pay for the
infrastructure or operations.
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Thank You