seminarium zarządzanie prędkością speed management 17 – 18.10.2013

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Seminarium Zarządzanie Prędkością Speed Management 17 – 18.10.2013

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Seminarium

Zarządzanie PrędkościąSpeed Management

17 – 18.10.2013

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Technical Guidelines forSetting Speed Limits in Austria

Presentation of Draft Version

Dipl.-Ing. Bernhard REITER

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Written by members of the sub-group “Transportation experts”

“Österreichische Forschungsgesellschaft Straße – Schiene – Verkehr” (FSV) – Austrian Association for Research on Road, Rail and Transport

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

DRAFT VERSIONLast discussion in sub-group in November

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

published by Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology

The main objective is to reduce the number of fatalities by 50% up to 2020.

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Source: European Union

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

In 2012 the percentage of inappropriate speed is 33%

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Speed limits in Austria

highways

beyond built-up areas

50 km/h within built-up areas

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Speed measurement 2012 by KFVsite number of

vehicleslimit 85 percentile

speedpercentage of exceeding 2012

percentage ofexceeding 2006

Within built-up areas

6313 30 41 68,2 71,2

Within built-up areas

7720 50 55 37,9 54,6

Beyond built-up areas

5435 70 77 38,7 36,3

Beyond built-up areas

5165 80 87 41,4 28,1

Beyond built-up areas

6611 100 105 35,4 21,3

highways 7606 130 134 39,7 23,0

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Enforcement by police 2012

radar 3.751.531

laser 782.193

other devices (video, section control, traffic control system, personal notice)

274.564

total 4.808.288

Data from Federal Ministry of the Interior BM.I

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

• Speeding in Austria is often seen as trivial offence

• Speeding is not one of the 13 risk-encumbered recordable offences

• Low exceeding of speedYou probably get no fine for driving up to more than 10 km/h additional to technical tolerance of devices for measuring speed because police and authorities could give you a warning when blame is marginal and consequences are minor

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Fines

* and revocation of the driving license (2 weeks / 6 weeks / 3 months)

speeding fine

Highways (more than 130 km/h) Up to more than 10 km/h € 20 in situ€ 30 anonymous

11 to 20 km/h € 35 in situ€ 45 anonymous

21 to 30 km/h € 50 in situ€ 60 anonymous

All roads More than 30 km/h € 70 in situ€ 70 to 2.180 by authority

Within built-up areas More than 40 km/h € 150 to 2.180*

Beyond built-up areas More than 50 km/h € 150 to 2.180*

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Why do we need a technical guideline for setting speed limits in Austria?

Speed limits and the procedure for setting them are laid down in the Straßenverkehrsordnung

(StVO 1960 - Austrian road traffic act)

Legislation is done by the federal parliamentEnforcement is the duty of the 9 states (federalist principle)

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

The 9 states have different approaches and focuses on road safety measures.

So technical guidelines set by states are not quite the sameand technical guidelines (on speed) have often a policy approach,

which disagrees with prevailing legal norms

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Historic approachesCity of GrazIn 1992 there was set a city-wide 30 km/h speed limit except for priority

roadsLed to an amendment to the StVO in 1994

Tyrol80 km/h for all streets beyond build-up areas except for highwaysabrogation of the regulation by Constitutional Court

year accidents injuries fatalities

1991 2543 3055 9

2011 2023 2456 4

- 20% - 20% - 45%

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

RVS - Austrian Code for the design, construction and maintenance of roads

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Contents

• General Principles and Terminology• Legal Requirements • Set the Right Limit• Measuring and Data Interpretation• Effectiveness and Evaluation• Announcement by Traffic Signs

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

General Principles

• A speed limit should be the last action to reduce speed.

• You have to check other possibilities to rise traffic safety or rather to lower the speed.

• You have to check improvement by design or the use of warning signs, markers, guideposts, lines etc.

• Roads should be self explaining• Prefer the principle of guiding not the principle of inhibition

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Legal Requirements

• Speed limits must be obligatory.• It is insufficient to show that speed limits make sense.• Speed limits must be a suitable instrument for solving a safety problem.• Definition of speed limit: numerical value, where, when, which weather

or road conditions, vehicle category

Exception for built-up area-wide speed limits (not for speed limit zones) here the state of science for setting speed limits to improve traffic safety is

legal standard - speed limits must not be obligatory

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Approach for Checking the Requirement of Speed Limits

• Check all steps as described in the following figure

• Check other technical guidelines where required

• Check new criteria if there are no regulations in guidelines

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Set the Right Limit - existing guidelines dealing with speed

RVS 02.02.32 Application basics for Traffic Experts RVS 05.03.11 Road Markings

RVS 03.01.11 Assessment of the Road Traffic Flow RVS 05.04.31 Traffic Signals

RVS 03.02.12 Pedestrian Traffic RVS 09.01.21 Tunnel Alignment Design

RVS 03.02.13 Bicycle Traffic RVS 09.01.22 Tunnel Cross-Sections

RVS 03.03.23 Alignment Design RVS 09.01.25 Tunnel Entrance Area

RVS 03.03.31 Cross-Sections (beyond built-up areas) RVS 09.02.22 Tunnel Equipment

RVS 03.04.12 Cross-Sections (within built-up areas) RVS 09.03.11 Tunnel Methodology of Risk-Analysis

RVS 03.05.12 T-junctions RVS 05.02.31 Vehicle Restraint Systems

RVS 03.05.13 Grade-separated Junctions RVS 15.04.71 Bridges Vehicle Restraint Systems

RVS 03.05.14 Roundabouts RVS 08.16.01 Requirements for Bituminous Courses - Grip

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Set the right limit - new specifications for

pedestrians in longitudinal direction without pavementcriteria: number of pedestrians per hour and per day

is there an pavementwithin or beyond built-up areas

pedestrian crossings beyond zebra crossings and junctionscriteria: number of pedestrians per hour and per day

within or beyond built-up areas

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Set the Right Limit - new specifications for

junctions with no turn or acceleration lanescriteria: number of vehicles per hour and per day on main road

within or beyond built-up areas

pavement and accident occurrencegravel roads 30 to 50 km/h according to risk

situationroad damages according to risk situation

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Set the Right Limit - new specifications for

pavement and accident occurrence

reduced road gripcalculation method described in appendix 7 and 7a“spot mass model” with comparison of reference value with

actual grip value (μ)calculation of stopping distance with model assumptions of the Austrian rating background 2007 for “Griptester”

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Set the Right Limit - new specifications for

pavement and accident occurrence

rut depth

Speed limits depending on water film thicknessfigure: dependency between water film thickness and 85

percentile speedAdditional figure for estimation of water film thickness if only rut depth is known

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Measuring and Data Interpretation

• Measurement time 24 hours (better one week)• minimum 150 vehicles per travel direction• Driving in free motion is specified with 8 seconds time gap• Measurement with side radar:

discretely for each travel direction if the daily traffic volume is over 5000 vehicles

• Data interpretationappendix 3 shows statistical evaluation methods with

examples

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Effectiveness and Evaluation

• Generally speed limits should be evaluated.

• Criteria are the compliance of speed limits and influence on traffic safety.

• Before-and-after studies are recommended.

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Announcement of Regulations by Traffic Signs

• Recognition of traffic signs – formula for minimal sight distanceThat means a clear sign posting is essential.

• Distance between repeated traffic signs should be app. 1 minute• Overlapping of different regulations here: speed limit and no passing

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Announcement of Regulations by Traffic Signs

• Distance between two sections with speed limits should be more than 20 seconds of driving time (lower speed limit)

• Built-up area-wide speed limit

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Overlapping Speed Limit with Built-up Area

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Annex 1 Scheme for on-site findings

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Annex 1

Traffic situationroad function, traffic volume, modal split, speed, other regulations

Site and road conditionsalignment, cross-sections, longitudinal slope, cross slope, tunnels and bridges, shoulder, surface drainage, road surface conditions, crossings, bus stops, parking, structural traffic calming, visibility conditions, lateral obstacles, access roads, junctions, level crossings, plantings

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Road equipmenttraffic signs, road markings, vehicle restraint systems, traffic lights, road lighting, glare shields, guiding devices

Road surroundingssurrounding property, traffic relevant information, other information (e.g. advertising), plantings

Accidents and conflictsaccident black spot

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Enforcement - Examples

Styria

Campaign “Zero tolerance” in built-up areas esp. close to schools and kindergartens

Campaign started just a few weeks ago.Local authorities have the order to name critical sites for intensified enforcement by police. Just technical tolerance of devices is accepted in these areas.

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Enforcement – Examples

Section Control

Source: ASFINAG

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Section Control in Austria

Stationary systemsA 22 Donauufer Autobahn – Kaisermühlentunnel(since 2003)A 2 Süd Autobahn: Krumbach – Grimmenstein (only towards Vienna)A 2 Süd Autobahn – EhrentalerbergtunnelA 9 Pyhrn Autobahn – Plabutschtunnel (since 2011)

Mobile systemsA 9 Pyhrn Autobahn - Bosrucktunnel (road works until 2015)A 2 Tunnelkette Klagenfurt (road works)

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Reduction of average speedCars about 10 km/hHGV about 15 km/h

Accidentsdecline of around 50%

Violation of speed limits in the Plabutschtunnel100 per day in the beginningnow about 15 per day

GDDKiA International Congress “Speed Management”Warsaw 17-18 October 2013

Thank you!