semiconductor bolometers - university of...
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Aug. 25, 2008 CMB Polarization Workshop
Semiconductor Bolometers
H. Moseley
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Aug. 25, 2008 CMB Polarization Workshop
New Fabrication Techniques
• Precision fabrication• Controlled electrical
and thermal properties– Predictable response
and noise -> Arrays!
Downey, P. M. Appl. Opt. 23, 910 (1984)
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Aug. 25, 2008 CMB Polarization Workshop
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• 1 pixel, handmade – mid 1980’s
• 24 pixels, handmade – late 1980’s
• 24 pixels, micromachined – early 1990’s
History
COBE
KAO
KAO/CSO
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Aug. 25, 2008 CMB Polarization Workshop
Spider Web Bolometer
• SiN micromesh detectors with NTD Ge were developed by UCB and Caltech, very successfully deployed
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Aug. 25, 2008 CMB Polarization Workshop
Advances in Theory
• Treats nonequilibrium effects of noise
• Shows benefits of high temperature sensitivity– NEP ~ 1/Sqrt[A] for zero
background• Focuses on fundamental
limits
R(T) = C (T/T0)AMather, J. C. Appl. Opt.23, 584 (1984)
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Aug. 25, 2008 CMB Polarization Workshop
Semiconductor Bolometers Can Meet Sensitivity Requirements
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What is the Required Operating Temperature?QuickTime™ and a
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Aug. 25, 2008 CMB Polarization Workshop
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Aug. 25, 2008 CMB Polarization Workshop
XRS II for Astro-E2Successfully Operated in SpaceCryostat Failed
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Aug. 25, 2008 CMB Polarization Workshop
CMB Applications
• Long and Successful History– COBE - FIRAS– Boomerang, Maxima– ACBAR (South Pole)– BICEP– Planck (coming soon!)– EBEX (coming soon)
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Aug. 25, 2008 CMB Polarization Workshop
The First Pair of Polarization-Selective Bolometers
Polarization-Selective Bolometers for BICEP
• Arrays of 200 detectors• Hand-assembled semi-conducting detectors• Absorber-coupled architecture
Polarization Sensitive Bolometers - Semiconductor-Friendly
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Aug. 25, 2008 CMB Polarization Workshop
Advantages
• Mature technology• Predictable performance
– Can “dial in” desired charactistics– Sensitivity can be achieved at low temps– Caveat - thermal conductance still
empirically determined
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Aug. 25, 2008 CMB Polarization Workshop
Disadvantages
• Complex thermal interface to JFET amplifiers– No convenient low temp mux (exception -
Saclay MOSFET mux)• Interface to microstrip not mature• Low temperature coefficient lead to slow
response
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Aug. 25, 2008 CMB Polarization Workshop
ASP Detectors
Kogut et al.
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Aug. 25, 2008 CMB Polarization Workshop
Status
• Some designs high TRL– COBE, Planck
• Microstrip coupled - Low TRL• Little effort in development because of
multiplexer problem– Kogut’s ASP is an exception– If mux were available, would be widely used– HEMTs can’t be used, because Tnoise >> Tdet