Semester Review

Chapter 8 Concepts

• Articles of Confederation

• Northwest Ordinance

• New Jersey Plan vs. Virginia Plan

• Federalists vs. Anti Federalists

Articles of Confederation

• Purpose: • to create a government after the Revolutionary War

• Effect: • weak, did not hold states together, led to Constitutional

Convention

Northwest Ordinance

• Purpose:• Establish a process for creating new states in new territory

• How it worked:• Once territory had 5,000 free adult males=form a legislature

• Once territory had 60,000 people=could apply for statehood

New Jersey Plan vs. Virginia Plan

• New Jersey Plan:• Legislative branch would have only 1 house with equal

representation

• Virginia Plan• Legislative branch would have 2 houses both based on population

• The Great Compromise• Legislative branch has 2 houses one based on population (H of R)

and one equal representation (Senate)

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

• Federalists• Wanted strong central government, money over land, supported

by rich

• People: Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay

• Federalists Papers: written to encourage people to accept Constitution

• Anti-Federalists• Feared strong central government, states’ rights, land over money,

supported by farmers

• People: Thomas Jefferson

Chapter 9 Concepts

• Legislative, Executive, Judicial

• Checks and Balances

• Passing a Bill

• People

Legislative (Congress)

• House of Representatives (435) and Senate (100)

• Power to make laws

• Other powers: declare war, coin money, set up postal system

• Elected by: popular vote within state

House of Representatives

• 25 years old

• Citizen for 7 years

• Live in state they represent

• 2 year term

• All bills that deal with money must start here

Senate

• 30 years old

• Citizen for 9 years

• Live in state they represent

• 6 year term

• Hold trials for impeachment

Executive

• Enforce the laws

• Head of Executive: President• 35 years old

• Natural born citizen

• Lived in US for 14 years

• Cabinet

• Electoral College• 270 to win

• Wisconsin=10

Judicial

• Interpret the laws

• Highest Court: Supreme Court• District

• Court of Appeals

• 9 Supreme Court Justices

• Appointed by president, approved by senate

Checks and Balances

Passing a Bill

• Start in either house or senate

• Committee to subcommittee

• Discuss bill on floor• Senate=filibuster

• Passes one house goes to other

• If passed president can=sign or veto• Veto can be overridden by ¾ majority vote in both houses

People

• President: Obama

• Senators: Tammy Baldwin, Ron Johnson

• US Representative: Gwen Moore

• Wisconsin State Senator: Alberta Darling

Chapter 10 Concepts

• Bill of Rights• Secured certain rights people had

• Speech, press, right to bear arms, due process etc

Chapter 11 Concepts

• Whiskey Rebellion

• Election of 1800

• Alien and Sedition Acts

• Loose vs. Strict Construction

Whiskey Rebellion

• Congress passes bill that taxes luxury items including whiskey

• Farmers refuse to pay

• Washington leads 13,000 militia to end rebellion

Election of 1800

• Adams (Federalists) vs. Jefferson (D-R) vs. Burr (D-R)

• Tie between Jefferson and Burr

• Hamilton supports Jefferson

• 12th Amendment

Alien and Sedition Acts

• Extended time it took to become citizen

• Limited what was allowed to be written about government

• Designed to keep Federalists in power• John Adams

Loose vs. Strict Construction

• If Constitution didn’t say you could do it, you can’t (Loose, Jefferson)

• If Constitution didn’t say you couldn’t do it, you can (Strict, Hamilton)

• National Bank, power of federal government

Chapter 12 Concepts

• Jay’s Treaty

• XYZ Affair

• Embargo Act

• War of 1812

• Monroe Doctrine

Jay’s Treaty

• British in Ohio Valley

• John Jay creates treaty that has British leave territory

• France is upset US made treaty with British

XYZ Affair

• French impressing ships

• Adams sends representatives to negotiate treaty

• French refuse to listen until tribute paid

• Adams refuses tribute, tensions rise

Embargo Act

• Jefferson passes hoping to end impressments

• No trade allowed between European nations

• Huge failure

War of 1812

• Causes:• Impressment of sailors

• Seizing US ships

• British give Native American weapons

• Key Events:• Invasion of Canada=fail

• Washington burned (White House, Madison)

• Battle of New Orleans (Jackson)

• Treaty of Ghent

Monroe Doctrine

• Latin America revolutions in Mexico and South America

• President Monroe declares that North and South America are free/independent nations, any attack on those nations is an attack on the US

Chapter 14

• Indian Removal Act• Trail of Tears

Indian Removal Act

• Indian tribes could negotiate treaties to relocate

• Jackson ends up forcing removal of tribes in South

• Trail of Tears• Cherokee tribes forced to march hundreds of miles from

Florida/Georgia to territory in West (Oklahoma)

• Thousands die on the way

Chapter 15 Concepts

• LA Purchase

• Lewis and Clark

LA Purchase

• Causes:• US wanted European power out of North America

• France needed money to finance war with Britain

• Haiti lost, France no need for LA territory

• Manifest Destiny (right/duty to expand across NA)

• Effects:• US x2 in size

• Resources

• Lewis and Clark

Lewis and Clark

• Expedition to map new territory

• Maps, detailed journal about resources in territory, contact with Natives

• Opened up expansion in New Territory

Chapter 19 Concepts

• North

• South

North

• Geography: rocky, good coast, some good farmland, cold winters, hot summers

• Economy: based on business and industry, a variety of jobs

• Transportation: railroads very important, man made canals

• Society: free, African-Americans not equal, variety of people, immigrants

South

• Geography: flat farm land, rivers, longer growing seasons

• Economy: based on farming, plantations, few factories

• Transportation: used rivers, few railroads

• Society: three tier society, slaves

Chapter 21 Concepts

• Wilmot Proviso

• Missouri Compromise

• Compromise of 1850

• Lincoln-Douglas debates

• Dred Scott

• Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Uncle Tom’s Cabin

• Harper’s Ferry

Wilmot Proviso

• An amendment that proposed the outlaw of slavery in land gained in Mexican War (Mexican Cession)

• Failed

Missouri Compromise

• Missouri slave state, Maine free state, 36 30 line (above free, below slave)

• Henry Clay

Compromise of 1850

• California free, Utah and New Mexico popular sovereignty, slave trade ended in DC

• Fugitive Slave Law• Southerners could retrieve runaways in North

• Northerners had to help

• Those who helped slaves would be jailed

Lincoln-Douglas debates

• Lincoln, slavery a moral issue, “A house divided”, all slave or all free

• Made Lincoln very popular

Dred Scott

• Slave sues for freedom using Missouri Compromise• Went to Wisconsin (free) with master and lived for a while

• Supreme Court rules (Roger Taney):• African American not a citizen, could not sue

• Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, 5th amendment (property)

Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Douglas wanted railroad through Kansas-Nebraska territory

• Gave these two territories popular sovereignty

• Northerners and Southerners flock there• Bleeding Kansas

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

• Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe

• Exposed horrors of slavery

• Fueled abolitionist movement

Harper’s Ferry

• John Brown attacks federal arsenal hoping to arm slaves for a rebellion in the South; fails

• Hanged for treason, viewed as hero in North

• South fear more rebellions

Chapter 22 Concepts

• Anaconda Plan

• North vs. South

• Technology

• Battles/Places

• People

Anaconda Plan

• Blockade southern ports

• Seize Mississippi and cut confederacy in two

• Seize Richmond

• Wanted to suffocate economy

North vs. South

• North• Had to force South to surrender

• Much more resources, people and railroads

• Weaker generals, more difficult outcome

• South• Defend territory, quick big victory or drag out war

• Strong generals, home field advantage

• Fewer resources, suffer from damages of total war

• Both though war would be over quick

Technology

• Guns

• Telegraph

• Railroad

• Ironclads

• Photography

Battles/places• Bull Run

• Stonewall Jackson

• Antietam

• Bloodiest single day

• Gettysburg

• Turning point for north

• New Orleans

• Gain Mississippi, cut off trade to south

• Vicksburg

• Full control of Mississippi for North

• Sherman’s March to the Sea

• Capture supply depots in South, massive destruction (total war), helped Lincoln

• Appomattox Courthouse

• Surrender of Lee to Grant

People

• Jefferson Davis: President of Confederacy

• Northern Generals• McClellan (first northern general)

• Grant

• Sherman

• Southern Generals• Lee

• Jackson