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Semester Exam Review 2014

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Semester Exam Review. 2014. A fault is ____. a fracture in the Earth where movement has occurred. An earthquake’s epicenter is ____. the place on the surface directly above the focus. The hypothesis that explains the release of energy during an earthquake is called the ____. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Semester Exam Review

Semester Exam Review

2014

Page 2: Semester Exam Review

A fault is ____.

Page 3: Semester Exam Review

a fracture in the Earth where movement has occurred

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An earthquake’s epicenter is ____.

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the place on the surface directly above the focus

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The hypothesis that explains the release of energy during an earthquake is called the ____.

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elastic rebound hypothesis

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Which seismic waves travel most rapidly?

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P waves

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Which one of the following statements is true about P waves?

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They travel faster than S waves.

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A seismogram shows that P waves travel ____.

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faster than S waves

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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of S waves?

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They temporarily change the volume of material by compression and expansion.

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Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis stated that all the continents once joined together to

form ____.

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one major supercontinent

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The supercontinent in the continental drift hypothesis was called ____.

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Pangaea

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What hypothesis states that the continents were once joined to form a single supercontinent?

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continental drift

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Which of the following statements correctly describes the asthenosphere?

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It permits plate motion.

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In the plate tectonics theory, the lithosphere is divided into ____.

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7 major plates and many smaller plates

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What kind of plate boundary occurs where two plates grind past each other without destroying

or producing lithosphere?

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transform fault boundary

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A divergent boundary at two oceanic plates can result in a ____.

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rift valley

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What type of boundary occurs where two plates move together, causing one plate to descend into

the mantle beneath the other plate?

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convergent boundary

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New ocean crust is formed at ____.

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divergent boundaries

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Which of the following results when divergence occurs between two oceanic plates?

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seafloor spreading

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An example of a divergent plate boundary on continental lithosphere would be ____.

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the East African Rift Valley

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The Hawaiian Islands were formed when the Pacific Plate moved over ____.

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a hot spot

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Highly explosive volcanoes tend to have what type of magma?

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magma with high silica, high viscosity, and higher gas content

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What type of volcano is built almost entirely from ejected lava fragments?

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cinder cone

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The broad, slightly dome-shaped volcanoes of Hawaii are ____.

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shield volcanoes

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A volcano that is fairly symmetrical and has both layers of lava and pyroclastic deposits is a ____.

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composite cone volcano

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Structures that form from the cooling and hardening of magma beneath Earth’s surface are

____.

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plutons

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The largest intrusive igneous body is called a ____.

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batholith

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What is true about all plutons?

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They form below Earth’s surface.

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What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?

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nitrogen

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Which of the following terms best describes air?

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mixture

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What is the lowest layer of the atmosphere?

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troposphere

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When does the summer solstice occur in the Northern Hemisphere?

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June 21

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When does the autumnal equinox occur in the Southern Hemisphere?

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March 21

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When energy is transferred to air, what happens to the particles of air?

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They move faster.

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On average, how much of the sun’s energy that reaches Earth’s outer atmosphere is reflected

back into space?

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30 percent

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Which term describes the conversion of a solid directly to a gas, without passing through the

liquid state?

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sublimation

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The process by which water vapor changes directly to a solid is called ____.

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deposition

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Which of the following refers to the energy that is stored or released during a change of state of

water?

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latent heat

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What is the dry adiabatic rate?

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10C/1000 meters

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The wet adiabatic rate of cooling is less than the dry rate because ____.

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of the release of latent heat

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What is true about stable air?

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It tends to resist rising.

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Which cloud type is best described as sheets or layers that cover much or all of the sky?

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stratus

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Which cloud type consists of globular cloud masses with a cauliflower structure?

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cumulus

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Which term means “rainy cloud”?

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nimbus

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Which clouds are often associated with thunder and lightning?

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cumulonimbus

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The most abundant element in Earth’s continental crust (by weight) is ____.

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oxygen

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Atoms containing the same numbers of protons and different numbers of neutrons are ____.

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isotopes