self-assembly presentation
TRANSCRIPT
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05. 2008 JP Carba al 1
Self Assembly
Definition.Definition.
Characterization. Examples and Applications
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Self Assembly: Definition
Q&A: what is self-assembly.
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Self Assembly: Definition
...refers to aggregation of particles into an organized strctrewithot external assistance!. ". #. Campbell $%%$.
...we limit the term to processes that inole pre-existing com-ponents' are reersible' and can be controlled by the proper design
of the components!. (. ). *hitesides $%%$. ...is the bi+itos process by which ob,ects atonomosly as-
semble into complexes!. C. Aggarwal $%%.
...we limit A to the spontaneos formation of organized strctresfrom many discrete components that interact with one another dir-ectly and/or indirectly throgh their enironment. 0n addition' theassembling components may also be sb,ect to arios global poten-tials sch as externally imposed electromagnetic field or chemicalpotentials!. 1. A. (rzybows2i $%%3.
Answers from the experts
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05. 2008 JP Carba al 4
Self Assembly: Definition Self-assemblyrefers to spontaneos formation of organized
strctres throgh a stochastic process that inoles pre-ex-isting components' are reversible' and can be controlled bythe proper designof the components' the environment' andthe driving force. 0lya 4rigogine 5ideo
Static SA refers to that sbclass of self-assembly processes
that leads to strctres in local or global equilibrium.
Dynamic SArefers to that sbclass of self-assembly processesthat leads to stable non-equilibrium structures. 6hese strc-tres persist only as long as the system is dissipating energy.
4rogrammable Arefers to that sbclass of self-assembly pro-cesses where the componentsof the systemcarry informa-tionabot the final desired structuresor its function.
from: J. A. Pelesko. Self Assembly: The science of things that put themselvestogether. Chapman & Hall C!C. "##$
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Self Assembly: Examples
Snow crystals Amphiphilic molecules.Snow crystals Amphiphilic molecules.7staticA. 8yotropic9
(raph (rammar A.
"iffsion-limited aggregation & lmini;s tiles.
4rotein folding & Chain 6ribolon.
)agnetoflids 7dynamic9
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Self Assembly: Examplesnow Crystals
sno%crystals.com
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Self Assembly: Examplesnow Crystals
sno%crystals.com
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Self Assembly: ExamplesAmphiphilic molecles
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Self Assembly: ExamplesAmphiphilic molecles. 8yotropic li+id crystals
yotropic states
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Self Assembly: !otential Applications
'. (aurer et al. )"##*+.,evelopments in liposomal -rug -elivery systems.
/pert 0pinion on 1iological Therapy2 v. *2 no. 32 pp 4"5647$.
8. P. Torchilin )"##$+. (icellar 'anocarriers: Pharmaceutical Perspectives.Pharmaceutical !esearch2 vol "72 no. *2 pp *6*3.
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Self Assembly
"efinition.
"haracteri#ation."haracteri#ation. Examples and Applications
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Self Assembly: "haracteri#ation
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Self Assembly: "haracteri#ation
%nits imple or strctred particles.
6he internal strctre' that may be changed by externalstimliis called conformationof the nit.
4assie or actie conformational changes.
Actuation intensity
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Self Assembly: "haracteri#ation
&nteraction
'orce field - driven interaction: the energy isprovided by the interaction mechanism itself.Electromagnetic interaction( gravitational interaction(surface tension interaction( ...
&nformation-based interaction: the information is thetrigger of physical)chemical processes( but has norelationship with the energy or energy flows needed by
the latter to unfold. "hemical signals( signal on waves*E+ or mechanical,( electric signals( ...
J. 9. !oe-erer2 ;nformation2 life an- brains2 e-s.2
Astrobiology )?lu%er Aca-2 Publ.2 ,or-recht2 The 'etherlan-s2 "###+2 pp. *$46*47.
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Self Assembly: %nit &nteraction
Cratre arising from a large head grop7A9 and a small head grop 719.
Carbohydrate li+id crystals designed to
show particlar phases. A large head gropexample 7A'C9 and a small head grop case71'"9.
". azio' C. )ongin' 1. "onnio' =. (alerne' ". (illon' and ". *. 1rce #. )ater. Chem >>
%nit shape/ defines structure
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Self Assembly: Examples
now crystals & Amphiphilic molecles.
0raph 0rammar SA.0raph 0rammar SA.7information-based. 4rogrammable A9
"iffsion-limited aggregation & lmini;s tiles.
4rotein folding & Chain 6ribolon. )agnetoflids 7dynamic9
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Self Assembly: Examples(raph (rammar A
. ?lavins )"##$+. Programmable self6assembly.
; control systems vol. "$2 no 72 pp. 5 6@3
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Self Assembly: Examples(raph (rammar A
. ?lavins )"##$+. Programmable self6assembly.
; control systems vol. "$2 no 72 pp. 5 6@3
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Self Assembly: Examples(raph (rammar A
. ?lavins )"##$+. Programmable self6assembly.
; control systems vol. "$2 no 72 pp. 5 6@3
et of rles' transitions.
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Self Assembly: "haracteri#ation
Environment
;sign mo-el applet
tatic or dynamic enironments
4roides a way to control the system.
J. 1ishop2 . ?lavins )"##3+. Collective Sensing %ith Self60rganiing !obots.Proc. 7@th ; Conf. on ,ecision & Control.
http://www2.truman.edu/~velasco/ising.htmlhttp://www2.truman.edu/~velasco/ising.html -
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Self Assembly: Examples
now crystals & Amphiphilic molecles.
(raph (rammar A.
Diffusion-limited aggregation 'lumini1s tiles.Diffusion-limited aggregation 'lumini1s tiles.7Enironment' external fields. 4assie conformational switches9
4rotein folding & Chain 6ribolon.
)agnetoflids 7dynamic9
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Self Assembly: Examples *2eminder,
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Self Assembly: Examples"8A
,A moviehttp:%%%.an-ylomas.com
Clster grown from a copper slfatesoltion in an electrodeposition cell.
imlated ?" "8A with external fields.
http://home/juanpi/Teaching/AL08/Self-Assembly/aggregation_movie_003.movhttp://home/juanpi/Teaching/AL08/Self-Assembly/aggregation_movie_003.mov -
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Self Assembly: Exampleslmini;s tiles
Shaking table movie
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Self Assembly: Exampleslmini;s tiles
Can we obtain thephase diagram@
*hat are theparameters tostdy@
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Self Assembly: "haracteri#ation
Driving 'orces Cold be indced by the interaction.
0ndependent of the system to aoid clamping.
natural -ynamics
http://home/juanpi/Teaching/AL08/Self-Assembly/out.avihttp://home/juanpi/Teaching/AL08/Self-Assembly/out.avi -
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Self Assembly: "haracteri#ation
$hermodynamic 3ypothesis
Stochastic assembly
4roposed in relation to protein folding: A protein as-smes a particlar conformation becase that stateis thermodynamically the most faorable. 6he con-formation is a global minimmof the free energy of
the system. 6he protein samples the energy space'eentally winding p at a global minimm.andomconformational search
Critics ...
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Self Assembly: "haracteri#ation
'olding !athway 3ypothesis 6ime needed to explore the possibilities
is astronomical' 8einthal paradox!.6he folding se+ence is predefined! inthe dynamics of strctre.
'olding 'unnel 3ypothesis 6he energy minimm is extremely deep and
with steep walls.
C. evinthal )*43B+. Are there path%ays for protein fol-ingD.
J. Chimie Phys. Phys.6Chimie 1iol. 3@: 7767@
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Self Assembly: "haracteri#ation
'olding 'unnel 3ypothesis"onformational entropyis the entropy associated with the geometrical
arrangement of a chain of nits. 6he concept is most commonly ap-plied to biological macromolecles sch as proteins and BA. 6o cal-clate the conformational entropy' the possible conformations as-smed by the chain may be discretized into a finite nmber of states'
sally characterized by ni+e combinations of certain strctralparameters' each of which has been assigned an energy leel. 6heconformational entropy associated with a particlar conformation isthen dependent on the probabilityassociated with the system ta2ingthat state' as determined by the sm of the energiesassociated withthe parameters describing the state.
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Self Assembly: Examples
now crystals & Amphiphilic molecles.
(raph (rammar A.
"iffsion-limited aggregation & lmini;s tiles.
!rotein folding "hain $ribolon.!rotein folding "hain $ribolon.7search space9 )agnetoflids 7dynamic9
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Self Assembly: Examples
4rotein olding A gien amino acid ta2es on roghly the same roteand pro-
ceeds throgh roghly the same intermediates and transitionstates.
Alpha helices and beta sheets then tertiary strctre. orma-
tion of +aternary strctre sally inoles the assembly ofsbnits that hae already folded.
6he amino acid se+enceof each protein contains the inform-ationthat specifies both the natie strctre and the pathwayto attain that state.
Conformations differ based on enironmental factors.
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Self Assembly: Examples
Chain 6ribolonConformational entropy
... 4 565
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Self Assembly: Examples
erroflids
?. 1utter et al. )"##5+. ,irect observation of -ipolar chains in iron ferroflui-s by cryogenic
electron microscopy. 'ature (aterials no. "2 pp BB 6 4*.
=erroflui- -emostration
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Self Assembly: !otential Applications
elf-repair /self-healing: econstrction of s2in from a
sspension of s2in cells from a >-day embryonic mose.
(onroy2 A. an- A. A. (oscona. ;ntro-uctory Concepts in ,evelopmental 1iology.Eniversity of Chicago Press2 Chicago. *4$4.
)A+ intact embryonic skin
)1+ tF#
)C+ tF"7 hr
),+ (igration
)+ tF$" hr
self6healing robot
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Self Assembly: ...to go
nctionality
ow to endow or engineered systems with fnc-tionality@
6heory *hat are the nderlying principles of A@
Can we generalize to different scales@
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Self Assembly: 7uestions8
the end...the end...??