seismic vulnerability and protection of nonstructural components t. t. soong and d. lopez garcia...
TRANSCRIPT
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SEISMIC VULNERABILITY AND PROTECTIONSEISMIC VULNERABILITY AND PROTECTIONOF NONSTRUCTURAL COMPONENTSOF NONSTRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
by
T. T. SOONG T. T. SOONG and D. LOPEZ GARCIAand D. LOPEZ GARCIA
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL, STRUCTURAL & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERINGUNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO, STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK
NCREE/JRC WorkshopNovember 17-19, 2003
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Examples of Nonstructural Components
Architectural Partitions
Piping Systems
Ceilings
Mechanical and Electrical Equipment
Exterior Cladding
Contents
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
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Examples of Nonstructural Damage
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
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Investments in Building Construction (Miranda)
18.0%
62.0%
20.0%
13.0%
70.0%
17.0%
8.0%
48.0%
44.0%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Office Hotel Hospital
Contents
Nonstructural
Structural
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
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Direct Economic Loss due to Building Damage
1994 Northridge Earthquake (Kircher, 2003)
Total: $18.5 Billion
Nonstructural Related: ~ 50%
1994 Northridge Earthquake (Kircher, 2003)
(Non-residential Buildings)
Total: $6.29 Billion
Nonstructural Related: $5.20 Billion (83%)
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
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Fatalities
1999 Kocaeli Earthquake (Petal, 2003)
Total: 17,480
Nonstructural Related: ~ 550 (3%)
1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake (Soong et al, 2000)
(at One Hospital)
Total: 7
Nonstructural Related: 7 (100%)
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
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Seismic Vulnerability
Analysis
Monte-Carlo Simulation
Experience Data
Experiments
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
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Equipment with restraints
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Anchor Bolts or Expansion Bolts Resistant straps, Braces,Tendons or Plumber’s Tapes
Spring Mounts or Isolators Tendons, Cables, Bungee Cords,Springs or Toggle Bars or Plumber’s Tapes
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Fragility curves for restraint breakage limit state
(Lopez Garcia and Soong 2003)NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
d = 0.10 - Teq = 0.05 sec
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00
HPBA [g]
FR
AG
ILIT
Y
k = 0.00
k = 0.75
ß = 0.40
ß = 0.70
ß = 0.10
ß = 1.00
d = 0.10 - Teq = 0.20 sec
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00
HPBA [g]
FR
AG
ILIT
Y
k = 0.00
k = 0.75
ß = 0.40
ß = 0.70
ß = 0.10
ß = 1.00
d = 0.40 - Teq = 0.05 sec
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00
HPBA [g]
FR
AG
ILIT
Y
k = 0.00
k = 0.75
ß = 0.40 ß = 0.70ß = 0.10
ß = 1.00
d = 0.40 - Teq = 0.20 sec
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00
HPBA [g]
FR
AG
ILIT
Y
k = 0.00
k = 0.75
ß = 0.40
ß = 0.70
ß = 0.10
ß = 1.00
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Logic-tree diagram for a medical gas supply equipment(Yao, 1999)
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Redundant GasSupply
Normal Gassupply
O2 NO
Central SystemIndividualCylinder
Cylinders Supply Line
Medical Gas
Liquid OxygenTank
By-pass valve Supply line Evaporator
N2
(in cylinders)
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Sample fragility of a water tank/pipeline nonstructural system(Grigoriu and Kafali, 2003)
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
seismic ground acceleration
water tank
pipeline
100200
300400
5004
5
6
7
8
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
distance
Fragility of the water tank
moment magnitude
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Fragility tests of suspended ceiling systems
and sample fragility data (Badillo et al, 2002)
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5P GA(g)
Minor (1%fell)
Moderate(10% fell)
Major(33% fell)
Gridfailure
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Protection Strategies
Improved Structural Performance
Improved Nonstructural Performance
• Better Engineered Conventional Anchors
• Newer Technologies
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
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Improved Structural Performance
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Reduction in direct economic loss through improved
building performance of non-residential buildings(adapted from Kircher, 2003)
Economic Loss (in millions)
Nonstructural System
As
Constructed
With Damping System
%
Benefit
With Isolation System
%
Benefit Drift-related $1,086 $ 407 63 $ 303 72 Acceleration-related 1,952 1,013 48 777 60 Contents/Inventory 2,162 1,124 48 862 60
Total $5,200 $2,544 51 $1,942 63
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Improved Nonstructural Performance
Better Engineered Conventional Anchors
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
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NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Improved Nonstructural Performance
Better Engineered Conventional Anchors (continued)
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NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Comparison of expected earthquake loss before and after nonstructural
strengthening (Gould and Griffin, 2003)
Improved Nonstructural Performance
Better Engineered Conventional Anchors (continued)
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NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Tapered metallic yieldingdevice for brittle nonstructuralcomponents (Goodno, 2001)
TMD for elevator(Rildova and Singh, 2003)
Improved Nonstructural Performance
Newer Technologies
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NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Wire rope isolator pipe restraint (Loziuk et al, 2003)
Improved Nonstructural Performance
Newer Technologies (continued)
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NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
Semi-active device (Rana and Soong, 1998)
Improved Nonstructural Performance
Newer Technologies (continued)
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International Collaboration
(ATC-58, Draft Work Plan, 2004-08)
Task 1: Develop a Catalog of Nonstructural Components,
Systems and Contents
Task 2: Identify Nonstructural Performance Measures
Task 3: Identify Engineering Demand Parameters
Task 4: Develop Damage Database
Task 5: Establish Comprehensive Testing and Certification
Protocols
Task 6: Performance Evaluation Case Studies/Testbed Checks
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
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Investments in Building Construction (Miranda)
18.0%
62.0%
20.0%
13.0%
70.0%
17.0%
8.0%
48.0%
44.0%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Office Hotel Hospital
Contents
Nonstructural
Structural
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003
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Acknowledgements
Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake
Engineering Research, Buffalo, NY, USA
U.S. National Science Foundation
NCREE/JRC Workshop, November 17-19, 2003