seismic velocity modeling

Seismic Velocity Modeling

Version 2013.2

User Guide

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iv Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2

Schlumberger Private - Customer Use

Contents

Seismic Velocity Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Seismic Velocity Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4

Certified Hardware Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4Software Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4Operating Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5License Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Licensing Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5License Acquisition via the Ocean Store . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5

Before You Install . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6Installing the Plug-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-6

Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9

Seismic Data, Horizons, and Property Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Seismic Data, Horizons, and Property Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2Initializing and Starting Petrel/SVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Initializing Petrel/SVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3Loading Data into Petrel/SVM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5Visualizing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7

Seismic Cube Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9Loading ZGY File into Petrel/SVM Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9Realizing Compressed Data Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15

Loading Horizon Files into Petrel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21Property Data Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26

Loading IVEF Format Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27Loading Binary Format Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28Loading Property Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-33Loading a Volcan Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-41

Data Visualization and Manipulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Data Visualization and Manipulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2Seismic Cube Visualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Visualizing a Seismic Cube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3Manipulating the Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Grid Annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6Preparing Basic Grid Annotation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6Editing Annotation Contents and Line Increments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8Contents 1


Synchronization of Windows and Data Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10Creating a Synchronization Group for Data Tree Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10Creating a Synchronization Group for Item Activation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11Synchronizing Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-12

Performing Blue Box Co-Rendering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13Seismic Overlay Compare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16

Comparing Single Seismic Cube and Flipping Multiple Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16Comparing Multiple Seismic Cube and Property Overlay Pairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20Comparing Multiple Seismic Cubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25

Seismic Roll/Flip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-29Creating a Roll/Flip Comparison Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30Visualizing with Roll/Flip Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33Visualizing with Visualization on Intersection Plane Icon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-34Removing a Seismic Roll/Flip Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-34Flipping Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-35Performing Roll/Flip Between Two Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-37Roll/Flip Comparison Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-39

Formation Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-41Creating a Formation Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-42Displaying a Formation Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-45Editing a Formation Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-47Saving a Project with a Formation Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-51Loading a Project with a Formation Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-53

Predefined Color Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-55Creating a Seismic RWB Color Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-55Creating a Rainbow LU Color Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-65Color Contouring Template Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-70

Outlier Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-73Anchor Positions and Colors/Hues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-74Levels and Gradations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-75Saturation and Brightness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-76Generating a Color Contour Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-77

Importing Color Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-80Exporting a Color Template as *.alut File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-81Using Predefined Color Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-82Accessing Color Templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-85

Horizon Interpretation and Surface Creation/Manipulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Horizon Interpretation and Surface Creation/Manipulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2Horizon Interpretation Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

Initiating an Interpretation Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5Creating a Horizon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8Initiating Picking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9Activating the Horizon Picking Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9Autopicking Shallow Top Salt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11Removing Large Consistently Picked Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12Removing Bad Picks Using a Bounding Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-142 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


Using a Polygon to Define the Autotrack Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16Interpretation Horizon Visualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18

Changing the Display Color of the Horizon to the Icon Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18Changing the Symbol Size of the Horizontal Picks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24

Visualizing Point Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28Creating Interpretation Files from Point Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-32Surfaces Creation and Visualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-35

Creating a Surface for a Simple Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-36Creating a Surface for a Complex Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-41Applying a Boundary to Constrain Interpolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-43Converting Interpretation Horizon to Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-46Converting Densely Sampled Interpretation Horizon to Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-48Surface Visualization Management Using Settings Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-50

Surfaces Editing Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-51Editing Surfaces Using Settings Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-52Applying a Polygon to the Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-53Applying Arithmetic Operations to the Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-56Applying Smoothing to the Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-59

Polygon Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-62Creating a Polygon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-62Deleting a Polygon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-64Editing a Polygon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-65Creating a Polygon Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-65Editing Polygon Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-67Fixing a Broken Polygon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-68Exporting a Polygon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-68

Volcan Model Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Volcan Model Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2Structural Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Making a Geometry Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3Horizon Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6Building a Geobody Cap Structure Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8Building a Structural Model that Contains a Geobody . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13Editing a Horizon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17Rebuilding Complex Geobody Feature without the Previous Artifact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23Reassigning Sub Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24Viewing Model Horizons and Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26

Horizon Modeling Using Meshes (Marching Cubes Modeling) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-27Creating a Marching Cube Mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-27Adjusting Mesh Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32

Mesh Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34Editing the Mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35Simplifying Mesh Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-36Beautifying Mesh Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38Smoothing Mesh Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-40Using a Mesh for a Structural Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-42Contents 3


Property Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-44Creating a Property Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-45Population Property Panes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-50

Input Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-50Filter Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-50Resolution Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-51Horizon Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-51Diagnostics Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-52

XYZ Property Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-52Population Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-53Key Assumptions and Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-55Vertical Interpolation Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-55Populating Structure Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-56Warning Against Populating a Model with Another Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-59Testing for Model Equivalence Destruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-59Comparing non-Volcan Model to Volcan Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-60Populating with Seismic Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-60Populating with Well Logs (Vertical) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-62Populating with Well Logs (Deviated) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-63Using Native Petrel Property Modeling Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-64Creating a Corner Point (Pillar) Grid Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-65Creating a Seismic Cube from the Structural Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-68Creating a Seismic Cube from the Structured Framework Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-70Upscaling Well Logs into the CPG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-71Applying Petrophysical Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-72Populating Dips and Azimuth Directly from Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-74

Volcan Visualization and Quality Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

Volcan Visualization and Quality Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2Property Model Visualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

SVM Renderer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3Activating and Using the Renderer for All Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3Assigning a Property Lattice to the Volcan Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6Activating and Using the Renderer for Single Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-8Using the Pick Volume Rendering Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21Using the Fraction of Model to Render . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22

Realizing a Property to a Seismic Cube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26

Volcan Model Manipulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1

Volcan Model Manipulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2Property Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3Edit Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5

Advanced Equation Sub Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5Applying Advanced Equation with Taper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6Applying Advanced Equation with New Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7Predefined Template Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7

Clipping Sub Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-84 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


Filtering Sub Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10Applying a Median Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-13Applying a Boxcar Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15Applying a Horizon Consistent Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17

Extrapolation Sub Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19Interpolation Sub Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-22

Merge Properties Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-26Vertical Merge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-28Performing a Vertical Merge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30Performing a Horizontal Merge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-32

Validation Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-37Histogram Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-40

Applying a Histogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-40Editing a Histogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-43

Statistics Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-45Generating Statistics Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-45Calculating Correlation and Covariance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-49

Volume of Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-52Creating a Cuboid Volume of Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-52Creating a VOI Using Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-55Creating a VOI Using Surfaces and Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-57Creating a VOI Using Constant Depths and Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-60Creating a VOI with Surface Offset and Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-63

Property Domain Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-66Applying Domain Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-66Viewing Horizons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-69

Model Scaling - Scalar Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-70Applying Constant Model Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-71Viewing Constant Model Scaling Horizons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-72Converting Horizons to Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-73Applying Variable Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-74

Model Scaling - Depth Shift Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-76Applying a Constant Depth Shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-77Viewing Constant Depth Shift Horizons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-79Applying a Horizon-Based Depth Shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-80Viewing Horizon-Based Depth Shift Horizons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-82

Well Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-83Extracting the Property Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-83Extracting Multiple Well Profiles Along Deviated Wells and Extracting Vertical Velocity and Group Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-86

Extracting the Property Profile from a Given X & Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-88Displaying Extracted Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-89

Localized CIP Picking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

Localized CIP Picking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2Localized CIP Picking Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

Importing a Prestack (DIO) Gather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4Contents 5


Performing Localized CIP Picking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5Processing Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6Viewing Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8Table Copy and Paste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9

Copy and Paste Table Rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10Copy and Paste Table Column Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11Copy and Paste Table Column Values to Another Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13Copy and Paste Table from an Omega Job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14

Localized CIP Picking Parameter Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-16Specify Input and Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17Choose Pick Workflow Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18Event Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-18

Gate Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19Horizon Guided Event Picking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-21

Single Parameter Curve Scanning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-23Parabolic Curve Scanning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-24Gamma Scanning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-24Linear and Parabolic Curve Scanning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-25Linear Curve Scanning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-26

Multi Parameter Trim Static Picking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-27Event Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-29

Semblance Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-30Curve Reject Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-32Edit Events with Anomalous Gamma or Parabolic Curve Fit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-32Edit Events with Anomalous Interval Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-33Edit Events with Anomalous Relative Moveout vs Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-34Edit Events with Anomalous Moveout versus Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-35Edit Events within Salt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-36

Pick Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-36Edit Anomalous Picks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-37Edit Picks with Poor Spatial Coherency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-38Edit Picks with Poor Continuity Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-39

Multi Azimuth Picking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-40Localized CIP Picking Technical Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-42

Processing Steps and Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-43Inputs and Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-44Pick Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-45Localized CIP Picking Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-46Horizon Guided Event Picking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-47Single Parameter Curve Scanning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-50

Linear and Parabolic Curve Scanning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-50Gamma Scanning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-52

Multi Parameter Trim Static Picking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-52Optimal Global Static . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-53Trace-to-Trace Static . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-53Applying Single Parameter Curve Scanning and Multiple Parameter Trim Static Picking . . 8-53

Event Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-53Semblance Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-546 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


Edit Events with Anomalous Relative Moveout versus Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-54Edit Events with Anomalous Interval Velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-56Edit Events with Anomalous Gamma or Parabolic Curve Fit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-56Edit Events with Anomalous Moveout versus Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-56Edit Events Within Salt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-57

Pick Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-57Edit Anomalous Picks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-57Edit Picks with Poor Spatial Coherency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-57Edit Picks with Poor Continuity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-57

Multi Azimuth Picking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-58Wide Azimuth Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-58Offset Vector Tile (OVT) Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-58

Geologic Model Based Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-59Relative Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-59Volume of Interest and Relative Depth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-60Horizon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-62

Maximize Efficiency of Plug-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-63QC Testing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-64

Preprocessing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-64Event Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-64Single Parameter Curve Scanning and Multi Para-meter Trim Static Picking . . . . . . . . . . 8-64Edit / Reject Events and Picks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-65RMO QC Distribution, Maps, Volumes, and Overlays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-65

Residual Moveout and Velocity Picking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1

Residual Moveout and Velocity Picking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2Residual Moveout (RMO) Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3

Horizons for RMO-QA Semblance Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4TEXT_TO_TRC_HEADER sfm Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5Semblance Generation Using CIP_PICK sfm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6CIP_PICK sfm Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8

CIP Pick Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9Pick Methods Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10Pick Output Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-12

Semblance Concatenation using VELOCITY_ MODEL_BUILDER sfm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-13VELOCITY_MODEL_BUILDER sfm Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-13

General Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14Output Velocity Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-15Velocity Editing Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-16Output Method for Semblance File Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-17Output Method for Pick File Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-18

Semblance Volumes to ZGY Files Conversion for SVM Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-19INPUT_SEG_Y sfm Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20TIME_ADJUSTMENT sfm Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-21IDHRMOD sfm Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-22TRACE_HEADER_MODIFY sfm Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-24GRID_DEFINE sfm Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-26OUTPUT_ZGY sfm Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-28

Pre-RMO QA Data Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-30Contents 7


Importing Post Stack Cube, Semblance Cubes, and CIP_PICK File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-30Importing ZGY Semblance Cubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-31Importing CIP_PICK Pick Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-32Performing Residual Moveout (RMO) Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-33Residual Moveout (RMO) Analysis Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-38

Input/Output Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-39Picking Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-40Histograms Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-42Modeling Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-44Movie Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-46Settings Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-47

Velocity Scans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-48Importing Velocity Scan Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-48Processing Velocity Scans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-51Playing Velocity Scan Movies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-53Velocity Scan Picking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-54Deleting Velocity Scans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-55Saving Velocity Scans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-55Setting Velocity Scan Marker Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-56Quality Control Steps and General Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-57

Volumetric RMO QC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1

Volumetric RMO QC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2RMO QC Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3RMO Volume Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4

Creating a Single RMO Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4Generating a RMO Volume from an Existing VOI or Entire Cube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7Creating Multiple Volume of Interests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-8Creating a VOI for Specified Inline and Crossline Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-11

Volumetric RMO QC Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-13Attribute Pane Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-142D Window Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-18Histogram Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-24Cross Plot Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-26Display RMO Stats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-27Visualization Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-29Filter Groups Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-32

RMO QC Features and Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-34Creating a 1D Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-34Creating a 2D Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-36Pick Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-38Selecting RMO Picks from a Histogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-38Selecting RMO Picks from a 2D Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-40Selecting RMO Picks from a 3D Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-42

Integrated RMO QC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-45Converting CIP Pick Dataset to Seismic Cube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-45Attribute Computation and Editing Using CIP Pick Dataset in Volumetric QC . . . . . . . . . . . 10-48CIP Pick Editing and Synchronization with PSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-558 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


Applying a Filter on a Virtual CIP Pick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-57Comparing Multiple CIP Pick Datasets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-60Saving Volumetric QC Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-61

Tomography Tools, Volume Patch Extraction, and Mistie Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1

Tomography Tools, Volume Patch Extraction, and Mistie Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2Tomography Quality Control and Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3

Importing a ZTomo SFM Generated Logfile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3Updating Tomography QC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-4Loading the Model, Seismic, and ZTomo Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-6Colored Solutions Rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-7Solutions Information Display Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-7Selecting Tomography Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-8Attribute Maps Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-10Computing Attributes Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-11Visualization Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-13Visualization Grouping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-13

Applying Row Grouping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-14Applying Column Grouping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-15Applying Custom Grouping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-16

Visualizing Tomography Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-17Flipping Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-22ZTomo Solution, Weight Files, and Impulse Responses in Input Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-24Changing the Color Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-25Editing a Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-26Generating a Point Set from the Weights File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-31Updating a Velocity Model with a Selected Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-33

Tomography Workflow Inversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-35Building a Horizon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-35Using the Build Matching Model Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-37

Volume/Patch Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-40Extracting a Patch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-41Solving for a Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-42

Well Marker Surface Mistie Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-44Loading Well Tops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-44Executing Mistie Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-44Contents 9


10 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


1 Seismic Velocity Modeling

In This Chapter

Seismic Velocity Modeling .............................................................................. 2

System Requirements ................................................................................... 4

Certified Hardware Solutions ................................................................... 4

Software Compatibility ............................................................................. 4

Operating Systems ................................................................................. 5

License Requirements ............................................................................. 5

Before You Install ................................................................................... 6

Installing the Plug-in................................................................................ 6

Technical Support .......................................................................................... 7

Training ....................................................................................................... 8

Conventions .................................................................................................. 9Seismic Velocity Modeling 1-1


Seismic Velocity ModelingSeismic Velocity Modeling

An SVM Volcan model is a ray tracing model. The ray tracer that can ray trace through the Volcan model is known as Traceray3 or TR3. This ray tracer is used in the CIP_DIFF sfm, which performs the forward modeling step in the cell-based tomography workflow currently used for updating velocity fields for depth imaging. Schlumberger is currently updating all depth migration algorithms to utilize TR3.

The advantages of this ray tracer are that highly detailed earth models can be represented in a way that conserves resources (disk space and memory) by storing property information on their natural sampling and spatial wavelengths while maintaining a high level of detail on the structural geometry of subsurface events.

When building SVM Volcan models, you will typically use a seismic volume, at its final resolution, to define the grid spacing of structural events. The properties that will be stored in the structural zones of the model are gridded to maintain a reasonable spatial wavelength for that particular property for that structural zone. For example, water is usually very consistent. Water is either treated as a constant velocity or as a smoothly changing vertical gradient without any spatial variations. This type of property zone can be represented in the Volcan model with a very large spatial grid and a short vertical sampling, whereas the sediment zone will have a shorter spatial wavelength and will require a finer spatial grid. This grid only needs to be as fine as your desired tomography scale length requires (two Volcan grid cells per scale length). In addition, Volcan can support different properties within the same zone that have different sampling and spatial grids.

What you need to start:

1 Seismic volume that covers the velocity modeling extents and is gridded to the resolution you want to maintain for the structural events.

This volume should include the halo that is required to migrate all the input data that will be used to fully image the output space. The OUTPUT_ZGY sfm will create a bricked formatted (.zgy) stack volume that Petrel will use for rapid slice movement and display of seismic volumes.

When creating this *.zgy file, the gridding will be defined by the processing grid that is on the input stack dataset.

You also have the option to create this *.zgy file as either compressed or not compressed; uncompressed are best for Petrel directly.

2 Property data for property population. Property data can be in a variety of formats. Some formats are more appropriate than others for certain properties.

Text files in IVEF/IINT format

Binary files with *.hd header file (VMB)

Constants

Property maps: V = V0 + dZ(K), where V0 is a starting velocity at some depth and K is a linear gradient that is applied based on the change in depth with respect to the starting depth

Well property spreadsheets

Existing Volcan models.

3 A clear plan of how you expect the model to be built to represent the subsurface structures and populated to represent the wave propagation through the earth. This may vary for different sequences of the depth imaging workflow.1-2 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


Seismic Velocity ModelingTopics in this section include:

System Requirements

Technical Support

Training

ConventionsSeismic Velocity Modeling 1-3


System RequirementsSystem Requirements

This table lists the minimum and preferred system requirements for Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2.

Table 1-1 SVM 2013.2 System Requirements

Topics in this section include:

Certified Hardware Solutions

Hardware requirements for this plug-in follow the Petrel requirements available at software.slb.com.

Schlumberger tests hardware from different vendors. These hardware units are tested, not certified. Schlumberger cannot foresee all issues related to the hardware we test.

Problems outside Schlumberger control such as driver and BIOS bugs and operating system limitations may affect the user experience. (For detailed information, visit the respective vendor sites.)

Software Compatibility

Seismic Velocity Modeling 2013.2 is compatible with Petrel 2013.1 or 2013.4.

Minimum System Requirements

Workstation Configuration

Recommended Hardware Dell T7500

Operating System Microsoft Windows 7 Professional (64-bit)

Processor 8 core CPU

Memory 48 GB DDR3 SDRAM

Graphics NVIDIA Quadro 5000

Preferred System Requirements

Workstation Configuration

Recommended Hardware Dell T7500

Operating System Microsoft Windows 7 Professional (64-bit)

Processor 8 core CPU

Memory 96 GB RAM

Graphics NVIDIA Quadro 6000

Certified Hardware Solutions Software Compatibility

Operating Systems License Requirements

Before You Install Installing the Plug-in1-4 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


System RequirementsOperating Systems Seismic Velocity Modeling 2013.2 is only supported on Microsoft Windows 7 Professional (64-bit) operating systems.

Warning: If you attempt to run this software using a 32-bit processor or operating

system, an error message appears and the software terminates.

License Requirements

A valid license is required to run Seismic Velocity Modeling 2013.2.

Licenses can be purchased

on the Ocean Store at ocean.slb.com. Click Contact Us > Email contacts > Ocean plug-in license orders.

through your Schlumberger software sales representative.

You will need a FLEXnet 11.8 network license to use Seismic Velocity Modeling on a network. The license is run on a server configured by your system administrator or configured locally on your system.

When you order Seismic Velocity Modeling from the Ocean Store, full instructions for installing and activating the plug-in license are included in the e-mail you will receive.

You can also find the information at ocean.slb.com/Pages/oceanstore-help.aspx#4.


Licensing Support

License Acquisition via the Ocean Store

Licensing Support For licensing support, e-mail [email protected] or contact your local Schlumberger software sales representative.

License Acquisition via the Ocean Store

When you order Seismic Velocity Modeling 2013.2 from the Ocean Store, instructions for installing and activating the plug-in licenses are included in your confirmation e-mail.

You can find the information on the Ocean Store at ocean.slb.com. Click Contact Us > Email contacts > Ocean plug-in license orders.

To purchase Seismic Velocity Modeling 2013.2 plug-in licenses on the Ocean Store, you will need:

your Ocean user name and password

a Dongle ID.

For directions, refer to Ocean Store help at ocean.slb.com/Pages/oceanstore-help.aspx#4.Seismic Velocity Modeling 1-5


System RequirementsBefore You Install Before you begin to install the Seismic Velocity Modeling 2013.2 plug-in:

Review all system requirements for Seismic Velocity Modeling.

Check that the specifications of the computer are sufficient to ensure the highest-quality user experience of the application.

Ensure that Petrel 2013.1 or 2013.4 is installed on your system.

Installing the Plug-in

To install Seismic Velocity Modeling 2013.2, follow the instructions provided in the Seismic Velocity Modeling Installer.

Download the Seismic Velocity Modeling plug-in software from the link provided in your order confirmation e-mail and follow the instructions for installation.

For complete installation instructions, please refer to the Seismic Velocity Modeling 2013.2 Installation Guide.1-6 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


Technical SupportTechnical Support

If you have any questions, consult Schlumberger software support at software.slb.com.

Log in with your user name and password.

Use the Search feature to find information about the plug-in of interest.Seismic Velocity Modeling 1-7


TrainingTraining

If you would like to schedule customized Schlumberger plug-in training for your company, contact your local Schlumberger software sales representative.

For Petrel public training courses, visit software.slb.com and select Training.1-8 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


ConventionsConventions

Instructions for the procedures in this guide are written using the following conventions.

Note: Some of the conventions used in this manual indicate the information to

enter, but are not part of that information. For example, quotation marks and information between brackets indicate the information you should enter. Do not include the quotation marks or brackets when you type your information.

The Input and Models panes in Petrel contain a tree hierarchy of objects similar to the Windows file structure. The active view determines which objects (seismic slices, interpretations, zones, velocity slices, etc.) of the Input/Models tree are available.

Character Convention Description

Typed in Bold Represents references to dialog box names and application areas or commands to be performed.

For example, Open the Open Asset Model dialog box.

Denotes keyboard commands.

For example, Type a name and press Enter.Inside triangle brackets Indicates values the user must supply, such as

and .

Typed in italics Represents file names or directories, such as ... edit the file sample.dat and...

Identifies first use of important terms or concepts.For example, compositional simulation or safe mode is used when...

Typed in fixed-width Represents code, data, and other literal text the user sees or types.For example, enter 0.7323.

Icon Description

No check box There is not an active window.

This object is available for selection in the window. You can choose the object for display.

The object is selected. It is active and is visible in the view.

Inline slice of data (not selected). This is one of the most common objects in the tree.

Crossline (xline) slice of data (not selected). This is one of the most common objects in the tree.Seismic Velocity Modeling 1-9


ConventionsThe expand icon is visible in the Processes tree next to the list of available processes. Click the expand icon to display the available subprocesses. Select (left-click) a subprocess to activate it. You can also right-click the subprocess to open a menu. Select Settings from the list to open the Settings dialog box for additional options and features.

Click the collapse icon to restore the tree to the minimal display.

Many dialog boxes contain at least one Blue Arrow next to a parameter. This icon indicates that the Input/Models tree contains an object suitable for input. Select the object in the appropriate tree and click the Blue Arrow beside the parameter to populate the text box with the object selected in the tree.

A couple of Petrel shortcuts can help you perform various tasks. One is to move the cursor over the window, click, and press p on the keyboard. This activates the point

mode and the cursor changes to a pointer icon. Move the cursor over a point and some of the points data displays in Petrels lower text bar. If the pointer is close enough to a point, just the x- and y-coordinates of the cursor display. Depth in the annotation is the z value of the point. Another shortcut is while you are in a Petrel 2D Window, click, and press v on the keyboard. This activates the hand mode and

the cursor changes to a hand icon. Drag the cursor up or down to zoom the display in and out.

The Save and Save As... commands are available in Petrel. Best practices strongly recommend saving projects at key points and to use suitable project names that indicate project status. Note that when you save a project, Petrel preserves all of the windows and data in their current state.

The word or identifies an alternative procedure.

If you need more information, go to Petrel online Help for a detailed explanation of the softwares features and icons or contact Petrel support at software.slb.com.

Z-delta (depth) slice of data (not selected). This is one of the most common objects in the tree.

Object Attribute (not selected). Each object in the tree can have multiple attributes. You may select some or all.

Object Attribute selected. Each object in the tree can have multiple attributes. You may select some or all.

Icon Description1-10 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


2 Seismic Data, Horizons, and Property Loading

In This Chapter

Seismic Data, Horizons, and Property Loading ................................................ 2

Initializing and Starting Petrel/SVMM .............................................................. 3

Initializing Petrel/SVM ............................................................................. 3

Loading Data into Petrel/SVM .................................................................. 5

Visualizing Data...................................................................................... 7

Seismic Cube Load ....................................................................................... 9

Loading ZGY File into Petrel/SVM Project .................................................. 9

Realizing Compressed Data Volume ........................................................15

Loading Horizon Files into Petrel ...................................................................21

Property Data Formats .................................................................................26

Loading IVEF Format Data .....................................................................27

Loading Binary Format Data ...................................................................28

Loading Property Maps ..........................................................................33

Loading a Volcan Model ..........................................................................41Seismic Data, Horizons, and Property Loading 2-1


Seismic Data, Horizons, and Property LoadingSeismic Data, Horizons, and Property Loading

This section explains how to initialize and load Petrel, load a seismic cube, and load horizon files into Petrel. This section also explains the property data formats available in Petrel/SVM.


Initializing and Starting Petrel/SVM

Seismic Cube Load

Loading Horizon Files into Petrel

Property Data Formats2-2 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


Initializing and Starting Petrel/SVMInitializing and Starting Petrel/SVM

The process to initialize and start Petrel/SVM includes initializing the software, loading data, and visualizing data.


Initializing Petrel/SVM

Loading Data into Petrel/SVM

Visualizing Data

Initializing Petrel/SVM

Follow this procedure to initialize Petrel/SVM.

1 From the desktop, select Start > All Programs > Schlumberger > Petrel 2013 > Petrel 2013.2 (64bit). The Petrel initial screen opens.

Fig. 2-1 Petrel Initial ScreenSeismic Data, Horizons, and Property Loading 2-3


Initializing and Starting Petrel/SVMAt the same time, the Petrel License dialog box opens.

Fig. 2-2 Petrel License Dialog Box2-4 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


Initializing and Starting Petrel/SVM2 Ensure that the Ocean plug-ins are chosen, the license server is correct, and click OK. The Petrel Interface opens.

Fig. 2-3 Initial Petrel Interface

3 From the Petrel menu bar, select File > Save Project As and a browser window opens.

4 Navigate the interface to store your project.

Best practices recommend storing Petrel projects in the Omega project directory so that you can have access to the project from anywhere and allow Petrel and Omega to share certain data and applications.

Loading Data into Petrel/SVM

Follow this procedure to load data into Petrel/SVM.

1 From the Petrel menu bar, select File > Import File. A standard Windows browser window opens.

2 Use the file filter to activate the correct format reader for the data type you plan to import. The most common formats include zgy, general ASCII, IVEF VMB, ztomolog files, SVM version 1 (*.model data), and SVM version 2 (*.volcan).Seismic Data, Horizons, and Property Loading 2-5


Initializing and Starting Petrel/SVM3 Select the appropriate format from the list.

Fig. 2-4 Petrel Data Formats2-6 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


Initializing and Starting Petrel/SVMVisualizing Data Once you have loaded data into the project, you can view it. The normal viewing mode is a 3D Window.

Follow this procedure to visualize the data.

1 From the menu bar, select Windows > 3D Window and a 3D Window opens in the viewing area of the interface.

2 To display objects in the 3D Widow, select the object (check box) in the Input tree or Models tree.

You can display multiple objects (seismic slices, interpretation, zones, velocity slices, etc.) in the same window or multiple windows.

To manipulate the display, use the mouse and drag it across the display window. The mouse buttons allow you to manipulate and change the display.

Use Esc on the keyboard to toggle the cursor between the hand icon and the

pointer icon. Use the pointer icon to query the display for object information (amplitude, IL, XL, X, Y, Z, etc).

Mouse Button Description

Left Rotate the display

Middle (Roller ball) Pan or move the display without rotating

Left and Middle (Roller ball) Zoom in/out the display

Right Display menu that manages appearance and behavior of display windowSeismic Data, Horizons, and Property Loading 2-7


Initializing and Starting Petrel/SVMUse the plane manipulate icon to move slices through the display by dragging it. You can also navigate the slice movement with the tool bar at the bottom of the screen. These controls are associated with the active slice in the Input tree.

Fig. 2-5 Petrel Screen Showing Slice and Increment Control

The arrow buttons move the slice. The number, to the right, controls the increment.2-8 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


Seismic Cube LoadSeismic Cube Load

The process of loading a seismic cube in Petrel/SVM includes moving *.zgy data files into the Petrel/SVM project and ensuring that the data is not in a compressed format. If the data is compressed, you need to uncompress it so the plug-in can function properly.


Loading ZGY File into Petrel/SVM Project

Realizing Compressed Data Volume

Loading ZGY File into Petrel/SVM Project

Before using Petrel/SVM, you must first load the *.zgy file into the project. Seismic data loading serves two purposes: visualizing and quality check (QC) of seismic, and grid information for the structural framework model.

Follow this procedure to load a *.zgy file into a project.

1 In the input tree, select Import (on tree). A standard Windows Import File browser window opens.

2 Click the Files of type down arrow, and select Seismic data in ZGY bricked format (*.zgy) from the list.

3 Select the *.zgy file to import.

4 Click Open.

If this is a new project, a dialog box opens to determine the coordinate system to use for the project.

Fig. 2-6 Coordinate Reference System Dialog Box

5 Click the Continue spatially unaware button.Seismic Data, Horizons, and Property Loading 2-9


Seismic Cube LoadThe Input data dialog box opens. This allows you to change the name of the volume, color template, and domain.

Fig. 2-7 Input Data Dialog Box

Be aware that the Black grey white color scale in Petrel assigns black to negative values and white to positive values. You can change that from the Settings dialog for the seismic volume. Click OK.2-10 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


Seismic Cube LoadThe seismic cube appears in the Input tree.

Fig. 2-8 Input Tree with Seismic VolumeSeismic Data, Horizons, and Property Loading 2-11


Seismic Cube Load6 In the Input tree, right-click the seismic volume and a menu opens.

Fig. 2-9 Input Tree Objects Menu2-12 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


Seismic Cube Load7 Select Show Settings from the list. The Settings dialog box opens.

Fig. 2-10 Settings Dialog Box Info Pane

8 Click the Color tab. The Colors pane opens.Seismic Data, Horizons, and Property Loading 2-13


Seismic Cube Load9 Click the Override global property template check box (top, left).

Fig. 2-11 Settings Dialog Box Colors Pane

10 Click the U-turn Arrow icon on the right side of the color scale. This reverses the color scale and makes positive values (peaks) black.

If the data volume is in compressed format, it will need to be Realized in Petrel to improve slice rendering and movement performance. The default format for OUTPUT_ZGYs is uncompressed, which does not have to be realized because it is already in the proper format.2-14 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


Seismic Cube LoadRealizing Compressed Data Volume

The data format for Petrel should be uncompressed. If data is compressed, you need to convert the information into the proper format.

Follow this procedure to uncompress data.

1 In the Input tree, select the seismic volume.

Fig. 2-12 Input Tree with Seismic Volume Selected

Note: The volume can be output from Omega as an uncompressed 32-, 16- or 8-

bit ZGY file. If this is the case, the realization step does not need to be performed.Seismic Data, Horizons, and Property Loading 2-15


Seismic Cube Load2 Right-click the seismic volume, and a menu opens.

Fig. 2-13 Input Tree Objects Menu2-16 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


Seismic Cube Load3 Select Show Settings... from the list. The Settings dialog box opens.

4 Click the Operations tab. The Operations pane opens.

Fig. 2-14 Settings Dialog Box Operations Pane

5 At the top of the pane, select the User defined option.

6 Set the negative and positive clip values. When setting the clipping, the histogram prints out the amount of samples clipped.Seismic Data, Horizons, and Property Loading 2-17


Seismic Cube Load7 Click the Refresh Histogram icon to update the histogram display.

Fig. 2-15 Operations Pane Refresh Histogram Button

Keeping the clip percentage in the one to two percent range should not have a negative effect on your display.2-18 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


Seismic Cube Load8 Enter an output file name, if required, and click the Realize button. A progress bar shows the status of the operation.

Fig. 2-16 Operations Pane File Name Text Box and Realize Button

9 Click OK.Seismic Data, Horizons, and Property Loading 2-19


Seismic Cube LoadThe Input tree displays the updated contents.

Fig. 2-17 Input Tree with Updated Contents

The Realized volume is used for rendering the seismic data. This gives much better performance than the imported compressed *.zgy data.2-20 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


Loading Horizon Files into PetrelLoading Horizon Files into Petrel

Horizon data can be interpreted in Petrel/SVM or imported. Petrel supports several different horizon file formats, the most common being ASCII text files, DIG files (from OmegaVu), Petrel binary (*.dat), and Gocad Mesh (*.ts).

You can import ASCII text files and DIG files as single-valued column-delimited ASCII files using the General lines/points (ASCII)(*.*) format reader. For this format, X,Y coordinates must be present in the file. Once the horizon data is imported, Petrel stores it as a Points object.

Follow this procedure to load Horizon files into Petrel.

1 From the Petrel menu bar, select File > Import File. The Import file browser window opens.

Fig. 2-18 Import File Browser with ASCII File Type Selected

2 Click the Files of type down arrow, and select General lines/points (ASCII)(*.*) from the list.

3 Select the appropriate file.

4 Click Open. The Import lines/points dialog box opens.Seismic Data, Horizons, and Property Loading 2-21


Loading Horizon Files into Petrel5 Select the Read as points option.

Fig. 2-19 Import Lines/Points Dialog Box with Read as Points Selected

6 Enter a value in the Number of header lines text box, or accept the default.

7 Enter a value for the X-value column parameter, or accept the default.

8 Enter a value for the Y-value column parameter, or accept the default.

9 Enter a value for the Z-value column parameter, or accept the default.

10 Click OK or OK for all if more than one file selected for import.2-22 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


Loading Horizon Files into Petrel11 The Input data dialog box opens. Notice the Type is Points. You can change the name or the template description in the Name text box.

Fig. 2-20 Input Data Dialog Box with Points Type

12 Click OK or OK for all if more than one file is selected for import.

Each of the files appear in the Input tree as a point set denoted with the icon and the name of the horizon.

(Fig_1-import7.png)Seismic Data, Horizons, and Property Loading 2-23


Loading Horizon Files into Petrel13 You can also import previously created Petrel horizon surfaces as *.dat files using the Petrel format (BINARY)(*.dat) file type.

Fig. 2-21 Input Data Dialog Box for Water Bottom Data File


The file appears in the Input tree as a surface denoted with the icon and the name of the horizon.(Fig_1-import9.png)2-24 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


Loading Horizon Files into PetrelYou can also import Mesh surfaces using the Gocad Tsurf (*.ts) file type.

Fig. 2-22 Import File Browser Window with Gocad Tsurf (*.ts) File Type Selected

15 Select the *.ts file(s) from the Import File Browser Window, and the Import Data dialog box opens.


A new folder appears in the Input tree containing the imported file with the icon and the name of the surface.

Fig. 2-23 Mesh Folder in Input TreeSeismic Data, Horizons, and Property Loading 2-25


Property Data FormatsProperty Data Formats

Property data for model building can be imported in a number of different formats:

IVEF Omega velocity text file format, good for single vertical functions and sparsely sampled fields

VMB binary gridded velocity files, typically used for initial property population from Omega velocity fields or client-supplied SEG-Y files

Property maps consisting of a map of property values that are at a specified depth (constant or map) and which have a vertical gradient (constant or map) that describes the rate of change vertically away from the starting value and depth

Volcan model SVM/Volcan model from a different Petrel project

ZGY.

All the format files, except property maps, are imported into the Input tree using the RMB menu option Import (on tree).

Fig. 2-24 Import (on tree) Menu Item for Property Data Formats


Loading IVEF Format Data

Loading Binary Format Data

Loading Property Maps

Loading a Volcan Model2-26 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


Property Data FormatsLoading IVEF Format Data

Follow this procedure to load IVEF format data.

This figure shows a sample IVEF file from Omega.

Fig. 2-25 Sample IVEF File From Omega

1 Open an Import file browser window.

2 Click the File of type down arrow, and select IVEF 3D Field (*.*) from the list.

Fig. 2-26 IVEF File Import File Browser Window

3 Select the IVEF 3D file.Seismic Data, Horizons, and Property Loading 2-27


Property Data Formats4 Click Open. The Import IVEF Data dialog box opens.

Fig. 2-27 Import IVEF Data Dialog Box

5 Select the appropriate unit from the list.

6 Click OK.

The plug -in imports the data and adds a new entry in the Input tree.

Fig. 2-28 IVEF Data Load Icon in Input Tree

Note that this is a pointer back to the file location. The IVEF file does not reside to the Petrel project, so the file location must be available during the population process.

Loading Binary Format Data

You can import any property, such as velocity, delta, epsilon, dip, azimuth, etc. using the binary file format, which is created using Omega SFMs. The binary files also have an *.hd header file that contains the grid definition. This is used during importing to know how to read the binary file and generate a Volcan model. The Volcan representation of the VMB binary file is used for quality checking.

Note: It is not currently possible to create dip and azimuth Volcan

representations of the binary file for QC.2-28 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


Property Data FormatsFollow this procedure to load binary format data.

1 Open an Import file browser window.

2 Click the File of type down arrow, and select VMB 3D Binary Field (*.*) from the list.

Fig. 2-29 Import Binary File Browser Window

3 Select the binary data file.

4 Click Open.

5 The Import VMB Data dialog box opens.

Fig. 2-30 Import VMB Data Dialog Box

6 The Input measurement name defaults to Velocity. Accept this as the selection for the Input measurement name.

7 Ensure the units are correct. If any are not, click the down arrow for the parameter, and select an item from the list.Seismic Data, Horizons, and Property Loading 2-29


Property Data Formats8 If a structural model is also required for QC at this time, select the Also create a Structural Framework Model for QC check box.

9 Click OK.

After import, the plug-in adds an entry in the Input tree, and a QC Volcan model to the Models tree if you selected the Also create a Structural Framework Model for QC check box.

Fig. 2-31 Input Tree with Binary Data Load Icon2-30 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


Property Data FormatsFig. 2-32 Models Tree with Binary Data Load

The entry in the Models tree can be used for visualization. Note that the name of the object stored in the Input Tree is that same as the imported binary file name.

10 To view the properties in the model, in the Model tree, Open + the Model folder.

11 Open the Zones folder, then the Properties folder. This shows the properties in the model. The imported binaries only have a single property. In this example, the model contains Compressional Velocity, listed based on the input provided during the import. Right-click the Property, and insert a renderer to view the property

Vertical bonding is sometimes observed in the water columns of imported VMB files. When the binary is output from VMB, the Gridded TR3 option is used with a water bottom surface, which extrapolates the first value below the water bottom surface to the top of the binary file. This helps reduce population artifacts that can occur just below the water bottom when water velocities are in the input file being used to populate.Seismic Data, Horizons, and Property Loading 2-31


Property Data Formats12 Open the Import VMB data dialog box to load the dip binary data file.

Fig. 2-33 Import Delta Binary Files Dialog Box

13 Click the Input measurement name down arrow, and select Dip angle from the list.

14 Click OK.

If there are azimuth, delta, and epsilon binary files to load into the project, you can load these in the same way; however, there is no option to create a structure model for QC when loading IVEF files. Property types for these files are set automatically.2-32 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


Property Data FormatsLoading Property Maps

Property maps are 2D maps created from ASCII point files in columnar format (X, Y, Z, with columns in any order). The Z0 map should contain X, Y, and Z0, where Z0 represents the reference (datum) depth of the velocity field. The V0 map will be X, Y, V0, where V0 represents Interval Velocity. The k map will be X, Y, and k where k represents velocity gradient in the formula V = V0 + kZ. The files are loaded as point sets from which the 2D maps can be generated.

Follow this procedure to load property maps.

1 In the Input tree, right-click a project and a menu opens.

2 Select Import from the list. The Import File browser window opens.

Fig. 2-34 Import ASCII File Browser Window

3 Click the File of type down arrow, and select General lines/points (ASCII) (*.*) from the list.

4 Click the File name down arrow, and select the ASCII points file (e.g., water bottom) to import from the list, or enter the name in the text box.Seismic Data, Horizons, and Property Loading 2-33


Property Data Formats5 Click Open. The Import lines/points dialog box opens.

Fig. 2-35 Import Lines/Points Dialog Box

6 Select the Read as points option.

7 Verify the X,Y, Z column locations and number of header lines.2-34 Seismic Velocity Modeling (SVM) 2013.2


Property Data Formats8 Click OK. The Input data dialog box opens.

Fig. 2-36 Input Data Dialog Box with Elevation Depth

9 Change the Name, if necessary, and click OK.

The plug-in adds a new point set object in the Input tree.

Fig. 2-37 New Point Set Object i

seismic velocity modeling

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