seismic bracing- non-structural elements

Seismic Bracing of

Non-Structural Components

Seismic Bracing of


byPaul W. McMullin, SE, PhD

Seismic Bracing of Non-Structural ComponentsNovember 17, 2008

Seismic Bracing of Non-Structural ElementsSeismic Bracing of Non-Structural Elements

Outline

Typical Earthquake Damage

• Structural

• Non-Structural

Purpose of CodeLegalEarthquake Basics

Typical Earthquake Damage

• Structural

• Non-Structural

Purpose of CodeLegalEarthquake Basics

Non-Structural Requirements(Breakout)

• Mechanical, Electrical, and

Plumbing

• Partitions, Ceilings, and

Lights

• Cladding and Parapets

Non-Structural Requirements(Breakout)


Plumbing


Lights



Seismic Meter

Northridge EarthquakeMagnitude 6.7Estimated Economic

Loss $49.3 billion

Northridge EarthquakeMagnitude 6.7Estimated Economic

Loss $49.3 billion

PEER (2000)


Damage Examples

StructuralNon-Structural

• Cladding

• Partitions

• Ceiling Systems

• Lights

• Mechanical Equipment

• Piping


• Cladding

• Partitions

• Ceiling Systems

• Lights


• Piping


Structural Damage Example

SDEDC (1994)



FE

MA

(20

00)



FEMA (2000)


Structural Damage Examples

Philippines Earthquake D.C. Hopkins (1990)


Non-Structural Damage Examples

Northridge Earthquake 1994 (A.B. King)


• Cladding

• Partitions

• Ceiling Systems

• Lights


• Piping


• Cladding

• Partitions

• Ceiling Systems

• Lights


• Piping



CladdingCladding

Mexico City Earthquake 1985 (R.B. Shephard) Mexico City Earthquake 1985 (D.C. Hopkins)



Cladding (cont)Cladding (cont)

Seismic Non-Structural Considerations Niel Palmer, PE



PartitionsPartitions




Ceiling SystemsCeiling Systems

Seismic Non-Structural Considerations Niel Palmer, PEMexico City Earthquake 1985 (D.C. Hopkins)



LightsLights


1965 Seattle-Tacoma Earthquake Photo by Del Ogden Daily Olympian


Damage Examples

Mechanical EquipmentMechanical Equipment

Non-Structural Elements Timothy P. McCormick


Damage Examples

PipingPiping




RackingRacking


1949 Olympia earthquake Photo from Seattle Times Co.


What is the Point?

Why can’t I keep doing this the way I used to?Why can’t I keep doing this the way I used to?

�We learn new things after every earthquake�Sometimes, old way was not code compliant or enforced

�We learn new things after every earthquake�Sometimes, old way was not code compliant or enforced


Code Purpose

The purpose of this code is to establish the minimum requirements to

safeguard the public health, safety and general welfare…

(IBC 2006, 101.3)

The purpose of this code is to establish the minimum requirements to

safeguard the public health, safety and general welfare…

(IBC 2006, 101.3)


Code Purpose


Legal Progression:

How Did We Get Here?

State Law

• State statute requires use of building code to govern construction

in new and existing buildings. (Utah Admin. Code 58-56, R156-56)

• State law requires IBC 2006

IBC 2006

• 1613.1 Scope: Every structure, and portion thereof, including

nonstructural components that are permanently attached to

structures and their supports and attachments, shall be designed

and constructed to resist the effects of earthquake motions in

accordance with ASCE 7…

ASCE 7-05

• Provides guidance on determining seismic force used to design

bracing. Couple this with material specific codes and requirements

State Law

• State statute requires use of building code to govern construction

in new and existing buildings. (Utah Admin. Code 58-56, R156-56)

• State law requires IBC 2006

IBC 2006

• 1613.1 Scope: Every structure, and portion thereof, including

nonstructural components that are permanently attached to

structures and their supports and attachments, shall be designed

and constructed to resist the effects of earthquake motions in

accordance with ASCE 7…

ASCE 7-05

• Provides guidance on determining seismic force used to design

bracing. Couple this with material specific codes and requirements


Earthquake Basics

Forces (F=ma)For earthquakes, although everything in the building may be hit with the same acceleration, the mass (weight) of the object

determines the force exerted.

Forces (F=ma)For earthquakes, although everything in the building may be hit with the same acceleration, the mass (weight) of the object

determines the force exerted.


Earthquake Code Basics

Seismic Design Category

• Occupancy Category

• Seismic Accelerations

• Provided by Structural

Engineer of Record

Seismic Design Category

• Occupancy Category

• Seismic Accelerations

• Provided by Structural

Engineer of Record



Occupancy Categories

• Cat I: Low Hazard: Agricultural, temporary, minor storage

facilities

• Cat II: Typical Buildings

• Cat III: Substantial Hazard: Schools, jails, power generation,

water treatment, telecom

• Cat IV: Essential Facilities: Hospitals, fire, police, designated

shelters, aviation control towers, national defense

Occupancy Categories

• Cat I: Low Hazard: Agricultural, temporary, minor storage

facilities

• Cat II: Typical Buildings

• Cat III: Substantial Hazard: Schools, jails, power generation,

water treatment, telecom

• Cat IV: Essential Facilities: Hospitals, fire, police, designated

shelters, aviation control towers, national defense



Importance Factor

• Ip=1.5 if any of the following exist

� Component is required to function for life-safety purposes after

an earthquake, including fire protection sprinkler systems

� The component contains hazardous materials

� The component is in or attached to an Occupancy Category IV

structure and it is needed for continued operation of the facility

of its failure could impair the continued operation of the facility.

• Otherwise, Ip=1.0

Importance Factor

• Ip=1.5 if any of the following exist

� Component is required to function for life-safety purposes after

an earthquake, including fire protection sprinkler systems

� The component contains hazardous materials

� The component is in or attached to an Occupancy Category IV

structure and it is needed for continued operation of the facility

of its failure could impair the continued operation of the facility.

• Otherwise, Ip=1.0


Building Element Bracing

Breakout Groups


Plumbing


Lights


Breakout Groups


Plumbing


Lights


Task

• Review Handout

• Answer Questions

• Present What Learned

Summarize

Task

• Review Handout

• Answer Questions

• Present What Learned

Summarize


Responsibility

Responsibility for Design�Defined for each projectResponsibility for Design�Defined for each project


Responsibility (cont.)


How Do I Brace Things

Load Path�Provide a way for forces to get back into structure

Load Path�Provide a way for forces to get back into structure


How Do I Brace Things


Resources

FEMA 389- Communicating with Owners and Managers of New Buildings on Earthquake Risk: A Primer for Design Professionals (http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/ms/rmsp389)

FEMA 412- Installing Seismic Restraints for Mechanical Equipment (http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=1557)

FEMA 413- Installing Seismic Restraints for Electrical Equipment (http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=1436)

FEMA 414- Installing Seismic Restraints for Duct and Pipe (http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=1437)

Seismic Considerations for Steel Storage Racks Located in Areas Accessible to the Public (http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=1439)

FEMA 389- Communicating with Owners and Managers of New Buildings on Earthquake Risk: A Primer for Design Professionals (http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/ms/rmsp389)

FEMA 412- Installing Seismic Restraints for Mechanical Equipment (http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=1557)

FEMA 413- Installing Seismic Restraints for Electrical Equipment (http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=1436)

FEMA 414- Installing Seismic Restraints for Duct and Pipe (http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=1437)

Seismic Considerations for Steel Storage Racks Located in Areas Accessible to the Public (http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=1439)

Unistrut Seismic Bracing Manual (http://www.unistrut.com/literature/index.php?doc=Seismic_App&pg=1)

B-Line Seismic Restraints (http://www.b-line.com/product/Seismic/index.asp)

Unistrut Seismic Bracing Manual (http://www.unistrut.com/literature/index.php?doc=Seismic_App&pg=1)

B-Line Seismic Restraints (http://www.b-line.com/product/Seismic/index.asp)

Seismic Bracing of


Seismic Bracing of


byPaul W. McMullin, SE, PhD

Seismic Bracing of Non-Structural ComponentsNovember 17, 2008