• Seed renewable Seed renewable energy industryenergy industry

• Strengthen Strengthen Washington as a Washington as a financial centerfinancial center

Good international air service Good international air service - the key to both- the key to both

Leveraging Global ReachLeveraging Global Reach

WATF’s Task: WATF’s Task: Catalyze action by bringing Catalyze action by bringing the players together the players together

© WATF 12/08© WATF 12/08

What to do What to do about it is a about it is a Business Business OpportunityOpportunity

Climate Change is a RealityClimate Change is a Reality

WATF’s Task: WATF’s Task: Catalyze action by bringing Catalyze action by bringing the players together the players together

© WATF 12/08© WATF 12/08

• Meet the world’s expanding air service Meet the world’s expanding air service demand without increasing Greenhouse demand without increasing Greenhouse Gases (GHG)Gases (GHG)

• Be carbon neutral by 2050 Be carbon neutral by 2050

Air transportation emits 2% of Greenhouse GasesAir transportation emits 2% of Greenhouse Gases

Source: Source: London EconomistLondon Economist

Climate Change – Aviation’s Climate Change – Aviation’s GoalGoal

Reducing Greenhouse Gases = Greater Efficiency and Lower CostsReducing Greenhouse Gases = Greater Efficiency and Lower Costs

© WATF 12/08

Aerospace Drives New Aerospace Drives New TechnologiesTechnologiesAerospace Drives New Aerospace Drives New TechnologiesTechnologies

© WATF 12/08

More specifically, create an alternative fuel that:More specifically, create an alternative fuel that:• Can mix with existing jet fuel, i.e. can be “dropped-in”Can mix with existing jet fuel, i.e. can be “dropped-in”• Does not compete with food production on land or seaDoes not compete with food production on land or sea• Reduces Greenhouse Gases Reduces Greenhouse Gases • Has Socioeconomic benefitsHas Socioeconomic benefits• Does not endanger any ecosystemDoes not endanger any ecosystem

Climate Change – Aviation’s Climate Change – Aviation’s GoalGoal

Reducing Greenhouse Gases = Greater Efficiency and Lower CostsReducing Greenhouse Gases = Greater Efficiency and Lower Costs

© WATF 12/08

Greenhouse GasesGreenhouse GasesGreenhouse GasesGreenhouse GasesAviation – A modest sinner, but…Aviation – A modest sinner, but…

Public Electricity/Heat – 35%Public Electricity/Heat – 35%

Industry – 18%Industry – 18%Road Transport – 18%Road Transport – 18%

Other Sectors – 10%Other Sectors – 10%

Residential – 8%Residential – 8%

Energy – 5%Energy – 5%

Other Transport – 4%Other Transport – 4%Aviation – 2%Aviation – 2%

Source: Economist - IEASource: Economist - IEA

… visible target with no fixed constituency… visible target with no fixed constituency© WATF 12/08

Greenhouse GasesGreenhouse GasesGreenhouse GasesGreenhouse Gases

Aviation’s Progress:Aviation’s Progress:• This decade, GHG emissions by U.S. carriers reduced 4%; This decade, GHG emissions by U.S. carriers reduced 4%;

passengers up 12%; cargo up 22%passengers up 12%; cargo up 22%• Alternate fuels and power plants flownAlternate fuels and power plants flown• Air Traffic Control improvements demonstratedAir Traffic Control improvements demonstrated

Further Potential Reductions:Further Potential Reductions:• New Air Traffic Control……………...15% - 20%New Air Traffic Control……………...15% - 20%• Engine and airframe efficiencies…..15% - 25%Engine and airframe efficiencies…..15% - 25%• Airport Efficiencies…………………..15%Airport Efficiencies…………………..15%

© WATF 12/08

Boeing and Airbus: Working together with Rolls-Royce, General Electric, Pratt & Whitney, Honeywell/UOP and others.

Boeing and Airbus: Working together with Rolls-Royce, General Electric, Pratt & Whitney, Honeywell/UOP and others.

Cooperative Global EffortCooperative Global EffortCooperative Global EffortCooperative Global Effort

© WATF 12/08

Bio Fuel – Why?Bio Fuel – Why?

© WATF 12/08

Fossil: Adds to GHGFossil: Adds to GHGMineMine RefineRefine BurnBurn Add to GHGAdd to GHG

Renewable: Does not add to GHGRenewable: Does not add to GHG

Grow (feedstock Grow (feedstock consumes GHG)consumes GHG)

RefineRefine BurnBurn GHG release GHG release back to back to

atmosphereatmosphere

• CO2 – consumed by CO2 – consumed by plant/algae production plant/algae production

• Jatropha, Switchgrass, Jatropha, Switchgrass, etc. – grows like weeds; etc. – grows like weeds; uses non-arable landuses non-arable land

• Algae – attractive, but Algae – attractive, but needs major capital needs major capital investmentinvestment

Medium term – find algae Medium term – find algae that eat CO2; excrete jet that eat CO2; excrete jet fuel!fuel!

Bio Fuel – Feed StocksBio Fuel – Feed Stocks

© WATF 12/08

“Biology has moved from being an intuitive to an exact science.”

“Biology has moved from being an intuitive to an exact science.”

© WATF 12/08

Aristides A. N. Patrinos, Ph.D.Aristides A. N. Patrinos, Ph.D.President, Synthetic GenomicsPresident, Synthetic Genomics

© WATF 12/08

Bio Fuel DevelopmentBio Fuel Development - Rapid Progress- Rapid Progress

• ““Drop-In” 50/50 blend with Jet Drop-In” 50/50 blend with Jet A-1A-1

• Made from inedible weed Made from inedible weed (Jatropha)(Jatropha)

• Production, not laboratory Production, not laboratory quantity requiredquantity required

• Made by Terasol Energy using Made by Terasol Energy using UOP/Honeywell processUOP/Honeywell process

Met or exceeded all fuel specs – 4% higher energy contentMet or exceeded all fuel specs – 4% higher energy content

Source: Aviation Week

© WATF 12/08

Bio Fuel DevelopmentBio Fuel Development - Rapid Progress- Rapid Progress

• Air New Zealand, Air New Zealand, Continental, Japan Continental, Japan Airlines and Emirates Airlines and Emirates demo flights scheduled demo flights scheduled with “drop-in” alternativewith “drop-in” alternative

• First regular airline use First regular airline use possible in 3-5 yearspossible in 3-5 years

Source: Aviation Week

Air Traffic Control – the Lowest Hanging Fruit! Air Traffic Control – the Lowest Hanging Fruit!

• 22% of jet fuel wasted by ATC and airport delays in 2007

• Need FAA Reauthorization Bill passed by Congress

• Fund accelerated ATC improvements, i.e. Next Gen space based system

© WATF 12/08

Increase Airplane Fuel EfficiencyIncrease Airplane Fuel Efficiency

• Refined operating Refined operating procedures procedures

• Short term – airframe and engine improvements

• Long term – innovative designs

• Revised manufacturing

© WATF 12/08

AirportsAirportsAirportsAirports

• Alternative energy sourcesAlternative energy sources

• Reduced energy useReduced energy use

• Refined operating procedures Refined operating procedures

© WATF 12/08

DARPA InitiativeDARPA InitiativeDARPA InitiativeDARPA Initiative

Early 2007: Early 2007:

3 teams under contract to 3 teams under contract to produce small produce small production quantities of production quantities of jet fuel from renewable jet fuel from renewable sources.sources.

© WATF 12/08

© WATF 12/08

United States Air Force GoalUnited States Air Force GoalUse a 50% Alternative Fuel Blend for Use a 50% Alternative Fuel Blend for Half Their Domestic Need by 2016Half Their Domestic Need by 2016

U.S. Military - 1½% of U.S. fuel useU.S. Military - 1½% of U.S. fuel use - 340,000 barrels/day - 340,000 barrels/day

© WATF 12/08

• Energy independenceEnergy independence• Stimulate U.S. production of alternate fuelsStimulate U.S. production of alternate fuels• Reduce Greenhouse Gas emissionsReduce Greenhouse Gas emissions

The USAF ObjectiveThe USAF Objective

© WATF 12/08

USAF ResultsUSAF Results

• Flight tested C-17, B-52 Flight tested C-17, B-52 and B-1 on alternate fuelsand B-1 on alternate fuels

• Stimulated construction of Stimulated construction of synthetic fuel refinerysynthetic fuel refinery

• ResearchResearch

• Billions of dollars are Billions of dollars are being investedbeing invested

• Opportunity to eliminate Opportunity to eliminate U.S. dependency on U.S. dependency on imported oilimported oil

Climate Change: Climate Change: An Economic An Economic and Political Opportunityand Political Opportunity

WATF’s Task: WATF’s Task: Catalyze action by bringing Catalyze action by bringing the players together the players together

© WATF 12/08© WATF 12/08

Policy Policy RequiredRequired

From State and Local GovernmentFrom State and Local Government