Seed PlantsSeed Plants

Page 308-320Page 308-320

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

• Seed plants produce seeds. Sees Seed plants produce seeds. Sees nourish and protect young nourish and protect young sporophytessporophytes

• The gametophytes are dependent on The gametophytes are dependent on a reproductive structurea reproductive structure

• Sperm form within pollen and needs Sperm form within pollen and needs wind or animals to movewind or animals to move

Structure of SeedsStructure of Seeds

• Seed coat-protectionSeed coat-protection

• Sporophyte or young plant or embryoSporophyte or young plant or embryo

• Cotyledon or seed leaves-for storage Cotyledon or seed leaves-for storage of foodof food

GymnospermsGymnosperms

• Seed plants that do not have flowers or Seed plants that do not have flowers or fruit Usually are cones to allow fruit Usually are cones to allow reproduction.reproduction.

• Importance of gymnosperms- building Importance of gymnosperms- building material, paper products, resin, soap material, paper products, resin, soap turpentine, paint and ink some anticancer turpentine, paint and ink some anticancer drugs, anti-allergy drugs, decorative trees drugs, anti-allergy drugs, decorative trees for gardensfor gardens

Examples of GymnospermsExamples of Gymnosperms

• ConifersConifers

• GinkgoesGinkgoes

• CycadsCycads

• GnetophytesGnetophytes

AngiospermsAngiosperms

• Produce flowers and fruits, two major Produce flowers and fruits, two major groups of angiospermsgroups of angiosperms

• Monocots and DicotsMonocots and Dicots

MonocotsMonocots

• Monocots include Monocots include plants such as plants such as

• Grasses, orchids, Grasses, orchids, onions, lilies, palmsonions, lilies, palms

DicotsDicots

• Dicots include Dicots include plants such as:plants such as:

• Roses, catuses, Roses, catuses, sunflowers, sunflowers, peanuts, peaspeanuts, peas

AngiospermsAngiosperms

• Importance of Angiosperms: Major Importance of Angiosperms: Major food crops such as corn, wheat, rice food crops such as corn, wheat, rice building materials, making cloth, building materials, making cloth, clothing and rope, medicine, rubber, clothing and rope, medicine, rubber, perfume and oilsperfume and oils

Functions of a RootFunctions of a Root

• Roots supply plants with water and Roots supply plants with water and dissolved mineralsdissolved minerals

• Roots hold plants securely in the soilRoots hold plants securely in the soil

• Roots store surplus food made during Roots store surplus food made during photosynthesisphotosynthesis

Structures of a RootStructures of a Root

Stem functionsStem functions

• Stems support the plant bodyStems support the plant body

• Stems transport materials between Stems transport materials between the root system and the shoot the root system and the shoot systemsystem

• Some stems store materialsSome stems store materials

Herbaceous StemHerbaceous Stem

Cross Section of a Woody Cross Section of a Woody StemStem

Leaf functionsLeaf functions

• Make food for the plantMake food for the plant

• See diagram following for leaf See diagram following for leaf structurestructure

Leaf CellLeaf Cell

FlowersFlowers

• The stamens which produce pollen and The stamens which produce pollen and the pistil which produce eggs are the pistil which produce eggs are surrounded by the petals and the sepalssurrounded by the petals and the sepals

• Sepals-are modified leaves that make Sepals-are modified leaves that make up the outermost ring of flower parts up the outermost ring of flower parts and protect the budand protect the bud

• Petals are broad flat thin leaf-like parts Petals are broad flat thin leaf-like parts of a flower. Attract insects to the flowerof a flower. Attract insects to the flower

FlowersFlowers

• Stamen- is a male reproductive Stamen- is a male reproductive structure of a flowerstructure of a flower

• Filament- is a thin stalk that holds Filament- is a thin stalk that holds the antherthe anther

• Anther- are saclike structures that Anther- are saclike structures that produce pollenproduce pollen

• Pistils- is the female reproductive Pistils- is the female reproductive structure of the flowersstructure of the flowers

FlowersFlowers

• Stigma- is the tip of the pistil, pollen Stigma- is the tip of the pistil, pollen grains collect on the stigmagrains collect on the stigma

• Style- is the long slender part of the pistil Style- is the long slender part of the pistil • Ovary- is the rounded base of a pistil Ovary- is the rounded base of a pistil

that contains one or more ovules. When that contains one or more ovules. When ovule is fertilized it develops into the ovule is fertilized it develops into the fruit.fruit.

• Ovule- contains eggs when it becomes Ovule- contains eggs when it becomes fertilized it develops into a seedfertilized it develops into a seed