seed basics: botany and biology
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Seed Basics Botany and Biology
Russell T. Nagata College of Tropical Agri. and Human Resources
Komohana Research and Education Center Hilo, Hawaii
![Page 2: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Monocots and Dicots Major division in plant biology
Angiosperm Difference in plant growth pattern Difference in seed germination
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
![Page 3: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Monocots one cotyledon in seed include all grasses parallel veins bundled vascular strands scattered flower petals number 1, 3 and 6 secondary growth absent
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
![Page 4: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Monocots
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
![Page 5: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Monocot Seed
![Page 6: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Dicots two cotyledons in seed major veins netted flower petals number 4, 5 and many secondary stem growth vascular bundle in ring
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
![Page 7: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Dicot Characteristics
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
![Page 8: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Dicot Seed
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
![Page 9: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Dicot Seed
![Page 10: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Comparison One cotyledon Petals multiple of 3 No secondary stem
growth Parallel major veins Vascular bundle
scattered
Two cotyledon 4 or 5 petals Secondary stem
growth Net like major veins Vascular bundle in
ring
![Page 11: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Seed Types OP or Open Pollinated Variety Hybrid Variety Heirloom Variety
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
![Page 12: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Open Pollinated Variety
allowed to “randomly mate” variation in plant types are normal good for self saving seeds genetic drift constant issue seeds generally low cost includes most heirloom varieties
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
![Page 13: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Heirloom Variety normally 2 to 3 generations or 60 years
of planting history began in an person’s garden or small
farm has local or regional adaption has one or more outstanding
characteristics possible to self save seeds
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
![Page 14: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Hybrid Variety created by control crossing of two plants anthers emasculated by hand or
physiologically, or by incompatibility plant vigor often associated with hybrids difficult to create hybrid seeds in home
garden usually most expensive seeds cannot self save seed
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
![Page 15: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Mating Preferences Self Pollinators Out Crossers
![Page 16: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Self Pollinators Self Compatible Floral Morphology
enclose reproductive structures tubes pollination prior to flower opening
flower positioned to favor self pollination Tomato, Snap Beans, Lettuce
![Page 17: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Out Crossers Wind Pollinated
light, loose pollen dependent on wind direction
![Page 18: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Out Crossers Wind Pollinated Insect Pollinated
availability of pollinators pollinator preference
greenhouse production conditional
![Page 19: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Out Crossers Wind Pollinated Insect Pollinated Vertebrate Pollinated
birds, mammals
![Page 20: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Out Crossers Wind Pollinated Insect Pollinated Vertebrate Pollinated Self Incompatibility
Chemical Recognition Pollen and seed compatibility Eg. Cabbage, Onions, Radish
![Page 21: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Out Crossers Wind Pollinated Insect Pollinated Vertebrate Pollinated Self Incompatibility Floral Biology
![Page 22: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Floral Biology
Monoecious one plant with male and female flowers
Dioecious separate male and female flower plants
Receptivity pollen shed and stigma receptivity not
synchronized
![Page 23: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Out Crossers Wind Pollinated Insect Pollinated Vertebrate Pollinated Self Incompatibility Floral Structure Dependent Hybrid Vigor
![Page 24: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Out Crossers Wind Pollinated Insect Pollinated Vertebrate Pollinated Self Incompatibility Floral Structure Dependent Hybrid Vigor Inbreeding Depression Possible
reduced plant vigor
![Page 25: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Pollen Transfer Wind
direction important in small plots loose pollen grains
![Page 26: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Pollen Transfer Wind Insects and Animals
Sticky Pollen Grains Packaged Pollen Grains Bees and Wasps Beetles Flies Butterflies and Moths
![Page 27: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Pollen Transfer Wind Insects and Animals Humans
Lack of Natural Pollinators New Character Combinations Variety Purity
![Page 28: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Reproductive Cycles Annuals Biennial Perennial
![Page 29: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Annuals Seed to Seed in One Growing Season Herbaceous Bean, pea, corn, lettuce, cucurbits
![Page 30: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Biennials Require Two Growing Seasons
seed to seed Need Dormancy or Photoperiod cabbage, beets, carrots, collards, kale
![Page 31: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Perennials Grow Many Years Many Seed Cycles Many Are Woody Plants coconut, avocado, etc.
![Page 32: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Strategies on Saving Seeds
What is the best source Genetic diversity Seed purity and rouging Selection criteria Isolation distances
![Page 33: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
What to Save From? Heirlooms Self Pollinated Crops Annuals Open Pollinated Varieties No Hybrids Unless…
![Page 34: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Maintaining Genetic Diversity
How Many Plants to Keep Mating Biology Genetic Drift Available Space
More Plants or More Seeds Seed Yield Ratio Seed Quantity Needed
![Page 35: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Maintaining Genetic Diversity
How Many Plants to Keep Plant Selection
Reason For Selection Eliminated Undesirables Move in New Direction New Possibility
![Page 36: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Maintaining Genetic Diversity
How Many Plants to Keep Plant Selection Population Makeup
Population Uniformity Narrow Genetic Base Open Pollinated
![Page 37: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Maintaining Genetic Diversity
How Many Plants to Keep Plant Selection Population Makeup Pollination Biology
mating behavior pollen transfer
![Page 38: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Seed Purity Dependent on Starting Material
What are your objectives?
![Page 39: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Seed Purity Dependent on Starting Material Selection and Rouging Procedures
![Page 40: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Seed Purity Dependent on Starting Material Selection and Rouging Procedures Cleanliness
![Page 41: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Seed Purity Dependent on Starting Material Selection and Rouging Procedures Cleanliness Proper Labeling – Seed to Seed
Variety Name Common or Scientific Name Date
![Page 42: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Seed Purity Dependent on Starting Material Selection and Rouging Procedures Cleanliness Proper Labeling – Seed to Seed Seed Saving Goals and Objectives
![Page 43: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Seed Purity Dependent on Starting Material Selection and Rouging Procedures Cleanliness Proper Labeling – Seed to Seed Seed Saving Goals and Objectives Pollen Flow Control
Start to Finish
![Page 44: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Isolation Distances Crop Specific
Pollination Biology Self Pollination
Cleistogamy Wind Pollinated Insect Pollinated Animal Pollinated
![Page 45: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics
Isolation Distances Crop Specific Location Specific
In Geographic Space In Time Exclusion of Pollinators
![Page 46: Seed Basics: Botany and Biology](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022020207/55a34d2c1a28ab3e6e8b47c7/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Hawai’i Public Seed Initiative Seed Saving and Production Basics