SECURITY STRATEGIES OF SECURITY STRATEGIES OF THE REGIONTHE REGION

Witek NowosielskiWitek Nowosielski

Security Strategies of the Security Strategies of the RegionRegion

• AlbaniaAlbania• Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina

•CroatiaCroatia•MacedoniaMacedonia

•Serbia and MontenegroSerbia and Montenegro Comparison of Approaches.Comparison of Approaches. Discussion of Main Conclusions.Discussion of Main Conclusions.

Albania: Security StrategiesAlbania: Security Strategies

Based on Based on CONSTITUTION.CONSTITUTION.

National Security Strategy National Security Strategy approved by approved by law November 2004.law November 2004.

Military StrategyMilitary Strategy approved mid 2005. approved mid 2005.

Albania: National Security Albania: National Security Strategy – Drafting Highlights.Strategy – Drafting Highlights.

Explicit about responsibility for Explicit about responsibility for implementation. (Council of Ministers).implementation. (Council of Ministers).

““The attack against organised crime, The attack against organised crime, illegal trafficking and corruption will illegal trafficking and corruption will consist of a new strategy . . . From the consist of a new strategy . . . From the consolidated institutions of public order, consolidated institutions of public order, justice, intelligence services etc “.justice, intelligence services etc “.

Comprehensive “Risks and Threats”Comprehensive “Risks and Threats”

Albania: National Security Strategy Albania: National Security Strategy – Drafting Highlights: Risks and – Drafting Highlights: Risks and

ThreatsThreatsINTERNALINTERNAL

Organized crime Organized crime Political instability Political instability Insufficient economic Insufficient economic growth and growth and development development Illegal immigration Illegal immigration Natural / Human made Natural / Human made disasters disasters Demographic concernsDemographic concerns DisinformationDisinformation Insufficient Insufficient development of development of education, science and education, science and cultureculture

EXTERNALEXTERNAL

Military use of force Military use of force Nationalism and ethnic Nationalism and ethnic conflicts conflicts TerrorismTerrorismOrganized crime Organized crime Illegal trafficking Illegal trafficking Proliferation of WMD Proliferation of WMD Global environmental Global environmental pollution and diseasespollution and diseases

BiH: Security StrategiesBiH: Security Strategies

CONSTITUTION used as the source of CONSTITUTION used as the source of legitimacy.legitimacy.

LAW on Defence 2003 (being redrafted).LAW on Defence 2003 (being redrafted). Defence Reform Commission REPORT Defence Reform Commission REPORT

2005.2005.

BiH: National Security Strategy BiH: National Security Strategy – Drafting Highlights.– Drafting Highlights.

• ““The Standing Committee on Military Matters shall perform the following duties unless otherwise decided by the Presidency:a) Review and advise on the Security Policy and Defence Policy of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which shall be prepared under the direction of the Minister of Defence” DRC Report 2005 proposal for an amended Law on

Defence.

Croatia: Security StrategiesCroatia: Security Strategies

Based on Based on CONSTITUTION.CONSTITUTION.

National Security Strategy approved by National Security Strategy approved by law Spring 2002.law Spring 2002.

National Defence Strategy approved by National Defence Strategy approved by law Spring 2002.law Spring 2002.

Military Strategy.Military Strategy.

Croatia: National Security Croatia: National Security Strategy – Drafting Highlights.Strategy – Drafting Highlights.

Very comprehensive.Very comprehensive.

Croatia: National Security Croatia: National Security Strategy: Main Headings IStrategy: Main Headings I

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION I. Security Environment and Challenges.I. Security Environment and Challenges. II. Values and Interests.II. Values and Interests. III. Challenges, Risks and Threats.III. Challenges, Risks and Threats. IV. Security Concept.IV. Security Concept.

– Security Aims.Security Aims.– Principles of the Creation of National Security.Principles of the Creation of National Security.

V. Security Policy – Foundations and V. Security Policy – Foundations and InstrumentsInstruments– Integration in NATO.Integration in NATO.

Croatia: National Security Croatia: National Security Strategy: Main Headings IIStrategy: Main Headings II

– Integration in the EU and in European defence Integration in the EU and in European defence structures.structures.

– Co-operation with International Organisations.Co-operation with International Organisations.– Arms Control and Confidence and Security Arms Control and Confidence and Security

Building Measures.Building Measures.– Contribution to International Peace and Contribution to International Peace and

Humanitarian Operations.Humanitarian Operations.– Development of Defence Capabilities.Development of Defence Capabilities.– Internal SecurityInternal Security..

VI. ConclusionVI. Conclusion..– Relations with Neighbours and Regional Co-Relations with Neighbours and Regional Co-

operation.operation.

Croatia: National Security Croatia: National Security Strategy – Drafting Highlights.Strategy – Drafting Highlights.

Very comprehensive.Very comprehensive. Well stated Well stated external elementexternal element of of

internal security “the deepening of internal security “the deepening of police and intelligence co-operation police and intelligence co-operation with neighbouring states . . .to prevent with neighbouring states . . .to prevent terrorist groups, organised crime . . “terrorist groups, organised crime . . “

Clear statements on economy, Clear statements on economy, education and ecology as part of education and ecology as part of internal security.internal security.

Macedonia: Security Macedonia: Security StrategiesStrategies

National Security and Defence National Security and Defence ConceptConcept adopted by Parliament in adopted by Parliament in February 2003.February 2003.

Macedonia: Security and Macedonia: Security and Defence Concept - Drafting Defence Concept - Drafting

HighlightsHighlights Concise and easily readable.Concise and easily readable.

Clear definition of responsibilityClear definition of responsibility

Macedonia: Security and Macedonia: Security and Defence Concept - Drafting Defence Concept - Drafting

HighlightsHighlights ““The The Ministry of InteriorMinistry of Interior especially should improve especially should improve

and develop procedures and mechanisms for the and develop procedures and mechanisms for the fight against terrorism, illegal migration, illegal trade fight against terrorism, illegal migration, illegal trade in drugs, weapons, people and strategic materials in drugs, weapons, people and strategic materials with those of the developed countries. Also, it should with those of the developed countries. Also, it should improve coordination with and develop joint improve coordination with and develop joint operational procedures with the armed forces, operational procedures with the armed forces, especially in the area of fight against terrorism and especially in the area of fight against terrorism and border security. border security.

The The Ministry of InteriorMinistry of Interior should direct the police should direct the police development towards maximum possible development towards maximum possible decentralization on a local level, in accordance with decentralization on a local level, in accordance with European norms and standards, in order to serve the European norms and standards, in order to serve the people.”people.”

Macedonia: Security and Macedonia: Security and Defence Concept - Drafting Defence Concept - Drafting

HighlightsHighlights Concise and easily readable.Concise and easily readable.

Clear definition of responsibilityClear definition of responsibility

Clear definition of defence Clear definition of defence involvement in other segments of the involvement in other segments of the security system.security system.

Macedonia: Security and Macedonia: Security and Defence Concept - Drafting Defence Concept - Drafting

HighlightsHighlights““According to law, Defence should According to law, Defence should

participate, extend assistance and co-participate, extend assistance and co-operate with the other segments of the operate with the other segments of the security system, and especially the security system, and especially the Police, in the removal of risks and Police, in the removal of risks and dangers for the security of Macedonia, dangers for the security of Macedonia, and especially in the fight against and especially in the fight against terrorism, border security for the terrorism, border security for the purpose of preventing illegal migration, purpose of preventing illegal migration, illegal trade in drugs, weapons, illegal trade in drugs, weapons, people . . .”people . . .”

SAM: Security StrategiesSAM: Security Strategies

Defence Strategy approved by Defence Strategy approved by Parliament in November 2004.Parliament in November 2004.

SAM: Defence Strategy – SAM: Defence Strategy – Drafting HighlightsDrafting Highlights

Based on Constitutional Charter.Based on Constitutional Charter.

Clear statement of missions and Clear statement of missions and tasks of the Armed Forces.tasks of the Armed Forces.

Security Strategies of the Security Strategies of the Region: Comparison of Region: Comparison of

ApproachesApproachesAlbaniaAlbania BiHBiH CroatiaCroatia MacedoniMacedoni

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Security Strategies of the Security Strategies of the Region: Some Main Region: Some Main

ConclusionsConclusions There is There is no model.no model. Names (strategy, policy, concept) are not Names (strategy, policy, concept) are not

very important, but they help.very important, but they help. A clear paper with clear allocation of A clear paper with clear allocation of

responsibilities for implementationresponsibilities for implementation is is important.important.

A statement of A statement of regional co-operationregional co-operation and and relations is a key element:relations is a key element:– A reality in the modern world which must have A reality in the modern world which must have

resources allocated to it.resources allocated to it.– A major confidence building measure.A major confidence building measure.– A significant addition to national security.A significant addition to national security.

Security Strategies of the Security Strategies of the Region: Some Main Region: Some Main

ConclusionsConclusions There is There is no model.no model. Names (strategy, policy, concept) are not Names (strategy, policy, concept) are not

very important, but they help.very important, but they help. A clear paper with clear allocation of A clear paper with clear allocation of

responsibilities for implementationresponsibilities for implementation is is important.important.

A statement of A statement of regional co-operationregional co-operation and and relations is a key element.relations is a key element.

An audit trail back to the Constitution is An audit trail back to the Constitution is the norm. (So the Constitution itself should the norm. (So the Constitution itself should envisage a National Security Strategy).envisage a National Security Strategy).

SECURITY STRATEGIES OF SECURITY STRATEGIES OF THE REGIONTHE REGION

QUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?