Sectional Growth: Expanding Beyond ‘Murica 1890 - 1917

Honors U.S. History

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• Americans need an international market for their goods– Panic of 1893: Economy struggling

• Foreign lands could provide raw materials

• Stronger nation results from stronger navy

• Our duty to bring civility & Christianity to “savages”

Polynesian Grammar Lesson

• A – ah• E or EI– A• I – E• AI – I• O – O• U – U• AU – OW• H K L M N P W the only

consonants• Consonants always followed

by vowels

• Aloha• Mahalo• Hula• Lei• Luau• Kahuna• Kama-aina• Kamehameha• Likelike

Hawai’i

• Queen Liliuokalani - ~1891

• Sanford Dole – Owner of Dole plantation; encourages US to remove Queen– Queen is encouraging discord

between Hawaii and American businessmen

• 1893 – Queen replaced by provisional US government

Spanish-American War (1898)

• Spain brutally oppressed Cuba

• US sees connections between Spain/Cuba and their own story

• Spain also interfering in American sugar trade

• Yellow Journalism (sensationalized news stories) pushes Americans to get involved

• USS Maine mysteriously explodes in Cuba, Spain is blamed, war begins

End of the War (1898)

• Teddy Roosevelt leads US volunteers to victory in Cuba

• Cuba given “independence” by US– Platt Amendment added to Cuban Constitution

• US can intervene militarily in Cuban affairs• US keeps a naval base in Cuba

• Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam bought by US from Spain for $20 million…and not given their independence

Differences in Acquisition

• Louisiana and Texas– Intended to make them American

• Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam– No intention on making them America– Just control for economy

• Anti-Imperialism Leagues formed– Does the Constitution permit making rules for people with

no representation in Congress?• Insular Cases – Colonial Power (USA) has the

responsibility to improve the people before making them independent

US and the Far East

• Philippines resist American authority– Philippine-American War (1898-1901)– 4,000 Americans and 20,000 Filipinos dead

• US introduced “open-door policy” favoring universal trade with China– As opposed to the old spheres of influence– Put down the Boxer Rebellion of 1900

Teddy Roosevelt and His Big Stick

• “Speak softly, but carry a big stick and you will go far.”

• Big stick = military– The US would be the

global police force for all “backward” nations

– All civilized nations had that responsibility

• Wins Nobel Prize in 1906 for negotiating end to Russo-Japanese War

A man, a plan, a canal, Panama

• US controls the Philippines and has greater access to China– Needed – A shortcut– Solution – Panama

(1903)

• Convinces Panama to rebel against Columbia, declare independence, then make agreement with US