Chapter 23 – World War I

Section Notes The Road to War Americans Prepare for War Americans in World War I Establishing Peace

Video The Impact of Modern Warfare

History Close-up Trench Warfare

Images An End to Peace Primary Source: Sinking of the

Lusitania Red Cross Volunteers Patriotic Poster World War I U.S. Soldier World War I Deaths

Quick Facts Key Goals of the Fourteen

Points Causes and Effects of World

War I Chapter 23 Visual Summary

Maps World War I, 1914-1918 Europe After World War I

The Road to War

The Big Idea

In 1914 tensions in Europe exploded into the deadliest war the world had ever seen.

Main Ideas

• Many factors contributed to the outbreak of World War I.

• European nations suffered massive casualties in the war’s early battles.

Roots of War

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Nationalism

• Nationalism, a strong sense of pride and loyalty to one’s nation or culture, created tension between nations.

• Austria-Hungary included people from many cultural groups.

• Slavic nationalists wanted to break away from Austria-Hungary and join the independent Slavic country of Serbia.

Main Idea 1: Many factors contributed to the outbreak of

World War I.

Imperialism

• Nations competed for control of territories both in Europe and overseas.

• Germany took the Alsace-Lorraine region from France in 1871, and France wanted it back.

Main Idea 1: Many factors contributed to the outbreak of

World War I.

Main Idea 1: Many factors contributed to the outbreak of

World War I.

Militarism

• Nations focused resources on militarism, the aggressive strengthening of armed forces.

• Raced to build armies and navies

• Made alliances to protect themselves

•Triple Entente- France, Britain and Russia.

•Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and

Italy.

The Spark • Feelings of fear and distrust grew among European powers

in the early 1900s.

• In 1908 Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia, Serbia and Herzegovina.

– Slavic nationalists resisted violently; wanted to be a part of Serbia

The Spark • June 28, 1914: Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-

Hungary was assassinated in Sarajevo.

– Killed by a Serb nationalist, Gavrilo Princip

• Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

• Nations began to mobilize, or prepare their militaries, for war.

Gavrilo Princip being arrested after the assassination.

Gavrilo Princip

Austria-Hungry declares war against Serbia

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Allied Powers

• Russia, an ally of Serbia

• France, an ally of Russia

• Belgium, brought into the fighting because Germany marched through it to get to France

• Great Britain, an ally of Belgium

Pulled into the Fighting

Central Powers

• Austria-Hungary

• Germany, an ally of Austria-Hungary

Pulled into the Fighting

Main Idea 2: European nations suffered massive casualties

in the war’s early battles.

• The French army blocked the German advance at the Marne River, east of Paris, in September 1914.

– The First Battle of Marne marked the first major battle of the war.

– French and German forces faced each other along a long battle line known as the western front.

Main Idea 2: European nations suffered massive casualties

in the war’s early battles.

- Western Front stretched from North Sea to Switzerland.

Main Idea 2: European nations suffered massive casualties

in the war’s early battles.

• Russian and German armies struggled back and forth on the eastern front.

• The war became a stalemate– a situation in which neither side can win a decisive victory.

• Clear that this war would be longer than expected.

Technology of War

Land

• Trench warfare, defending a position by fighting from the protection of deep ditches, helped make the war long and deadly. – Cold, wet, and muddy

– Disease ran rampant

Technology of War

Land

• New technologies made land warfare even more deadly – Machine guns (400-600 bullets a minute)

– Poison gases (destroy lungs, causing slow painful death)

– Tanks

Technology of War

Air

• Airplanes used in large-scale battle for the first time

– Fired down on soldiers in the trenches

– Gathered information on enemy locations

– Battled each other in the air in “dogfights”

Trenches, Weapons and Death

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Technology of War

Sea

• Fighting in the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea

• Used Naval blockades and mines to block supply lines

• U-boats, German submarines, launched torpedoes against Allied supply ships.

U Boat Blockade

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