section ii: the zhou, qin, and han dynasties (pages 80-84)

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Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties Dynasties (Pages 80-84) (Pages 80-84) This section is about: The Rise and fall of the Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties and the major contributions of each. The social and cultural consequences of the rule of dynasties in China.

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This section is about: The Rise and fall of the Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties and the major contributions of each. The social and cultural consequences of the rule of dynasties in China. Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties (Pages 80-84). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties (Pages 80-84)

Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han

DynastiesDynasties (Pages 80-84)(Pages 80-84)

Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han

DynastiesDynasties (Pages 80-84)(Pages 80-84)

This section is about: The Rise and fall of

the Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties and the major contributions of each.

The social and cultural consequences of the rule of dynasties in China.

Page 2: Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties (Pages 80-84)

Read the Read the “sequence of “sequence of events” on page events” on page 80 (we’ll do that in 80 (we’ll do that in a while)a while)

And – what’s the And – what’s the picture of on page picture of on page 81?81?

Page 3: Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties (Pages 80-84)
Page 4: Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties (Pages 80-84)
Page 5: Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties (Pages 80-84)

The Early The Early ZhouZhou

When the Shang When the Shang Dynasty was starting Dynasty was starting to decline, The Zhou to decline, The Zhou started becoming started becoming more powerful.more powerful.

Eventually their Eventually their leader (Wu Wang) leader (Wu Wang) attacked and attacked and overthrew a cruel overthrew a cruel Shang king.Shang king.

They said they had a They said they had a reason for doing thisreason for doing this

………………....

Page 6: Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties (Pages 80-84)

They said they had earned the They said they had earned the approval of a “higher power”…approval of a “higher power”…

……who had given the who had given the king authority to rule.king authority to rule.

This approval was This approval was called called “the Mandate “the Mandate of Heaven.”of Heaven.”

They claimed the They claimed the Mandate of Heaven Mandate of Heaven had passed from the had passed from the Shang rulers to them Shang rulers to them because they were because they were “kind and truthful.”“kind and truthful.”

Page 7: Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties (Pages 80-84)

Chinese scholars studied the Chinese scholars studied the idea of the Mandate of Heaven.idea of the Mandate of Heaven.

To explain the reason why dynasties rise To explain the reason why dynasties rise and fall they came up with and fall they came up with “the dynastic “the dynastic cycle.”cycle.”

A kind and truthful dynasty gains control

This wins the approval of the gods

The dynasty neglects it’s duties and loses control

Violent events (earthquakes, and floods) signal heaven’s displeasure

A new group challenges their authority and overthrows the old government

The new dynasty provides a good, successful government

Page 8: Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties (Pages 80-84)
Page 9: Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties (Pages 80-84)

The Zhou DynastyThe Zhou Dynasty Organized by social class – and land ownership.Organized by social class – and land ownership. This started when Wu Wang gave land to his noble lords, relatives, and This started when Wu Wang gave land to his noble lords, relatives, and

generals.generals. The lords appointed officers to run the daily affairs of his territoryThe lords appointed officers to run the daily affairs of his territory Peasants lived on and farmed the landsPeasants lived on and farmed the lands The lords governed in the name of the king, but were also expected to collect The lords governed in the name of the king, but were also expected to collect

taxes (and give the king his fair share of those).taxes (and give the king his fair share of those). If a war broke out, the nobles organized armies to defend the king.If a war broke out, the nobles organized armies to defend the king.

Page 10: Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties (Pages 80-84)

The Zhou Period was a good time for The Zhou Period was a good time for ChinaChina

Farming was profitable.Farming was profitable. Better irrigation methodsBetter irrigation methods The Zhou developed blast The Zhou developed blast

furnaces – allowing them to furnaces – allowing them to make cast ironmake cast iron

Iron is harder and stronger Iron is harder and stronger than bronze – giving them than bronze – giving them better farm tools and better farm tools and weapons.weapons.

So that meant – more art So that meant – more art and trade.and trade.

The Zhou started using The Zhou started using bronze coins – different bronze coins – different shapes than we’re used to shapes than we’re used to thoughthough

Page 11: Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties (Pages 80-84)

And if things are going good – And if things are going good – you also have time to readyou also have time to read

At first, only the rich could At first, only the rich could read/write.read/write.

But if merchants are going But if merchants are going to trade, they also have to to trade, they also have to be able to read/write.be able to read/write.

Education became more Education became more important and tutors important and tutors taught young men for taught young men for “government service” “government service”

This is a period where a lot This is a period where a lot of ancient Chinese classics of ancient Chinese classics were written.were written.

Page 12: Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties (Pages 80-84)

Eventually the Zhou Dynasty lost it’s Eventually the Zhou Dynasty lost it’s powerpower

People from outlying People from outlying areas became more areas became more powerful.powerful.

The wars among The wars among these different groups these different groups (all from China) (all from China) started some started some civil civil warswars. By 300 BC, only . By 300 BC, only 7 Zhou territories 7 Zhou territories were left.were left.

The were ready to be The were ready to be taken over completely taken over completely by…by… People fighting others from

the same country

Page 13: Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties (Pages 80-84)

The The Qin Dynasty Qin Dynasty (founded by (founded by ZhengZheng))

Zheng kept more Zheng kept more power to himself and power to himself and called himself: “First called himself: “First Qin Emperor”Qin Emperor”

He was determined to He was determined to re-unite China. re-unite China.

He also had a different He also had a different philosophy: the role philosophy: the role of government was to of government was to meet the needs of the meet the needs of the nation – not the nation – not the people.people.

This is called This is called authoritarianauthoritarian – when a – when a ruler has complete ruler has complete and total power. and total power.

Page 14: Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties (Pages 80-84)

Zheng did some good and some bad Zheng did some good and some bad thingsthings

He didn’t favor the nobles He didn’t favor the nobles with special privilegeswith special privileges

All citizens (not just All citizens (not just peasants) paid taxes to peasants) paid taxes to support his projects and support his projects and armies.armies.

He had strict laws (and He had strict laws (and enforced them – with strict enforced them – with strict punishments)punishments)

If you disagreed with him, If you disagreed with him, you could be tortured or you could be tortured or killed.killed.

He burned all books (didn’t He burned all books (didn’t want people learning want people learning anything) anything) (some books were hidden (some books were hidden and saved)and saved)

United China again.United China again. Introduced new coins and Introduced new coins and

set up a system of weights set up a system of weights and measures.and measures.

Repaired roads and Repaired roads and extended canals.extended canals.

Gave thousands jobs – Gave thousands jobs – forced them to build his forced them to build his tomb of underground tomb of underground chambers and terra cotta chambers and terra cotta soldierssoldiers

Page 15: Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties (Pages 80-84)

The Zhou had built some walls in The Zhou had built some walls in China China (to keep out invaders)(to keep out invaders)

The Qin joined these The Qin joined these together into a “great together into a “great wall”wall”

But, in doing so, But, in doing so, workers were forced to workers were forced to work under horrible work under horrible conditionsconditions

Many diedMany died It took centuries until it It took centuries until it

was complete and was complete and completely connectedcompletely connected

Page 16: Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties (Pages 80-84)

The Terra Cotta SoldiersThe Terra Cotta Soldiers The significance of the army of Terra Cotta soldiers began The significance of the army of Terra Cotta soldiers began

2,200 years ago with the conquest of all Chinese states 2,200 years ago with the conquest of all Chinese states which made a king (Qin) into the first emperor of the newly which made a king (Qin) into the first emperor of the newly unified nation.  It took an army of unified nation.  It took an army of 700,000 craftsman 700,000 craftsman laboring for 37 yearslaboring for 37 years to produce the massive army.  The to produce the massive army.  The purpose of the army was to provide service to the emperor in purpose of the army was to provide service to the emperor in the afterlife.  They were buried with the Emperor Qin at the the afterlife.  They were buried with the Emperor Qin at the time of his death. When they were found, time had taken it’s time of his death. When they were found, time had taken it’s toll and the figures were broken pieces of terra cotta.  Each toll and the figures were broken pieces of terra cotta.  Each figure had to be meticulously repaired.  This repair process figure had to be meticulously repaired.  This repair process continues today. continues today. 

Apparently, Qin ordered Apparently, Qin ordered no two faces be alikeno two faces be alike, suggesting , suggesting that that each terra cotta warrior is an actual replica modeled each terra cotta warrior is an actual replica modeled after a solderafter a solder from the real army.  The warriors vary in height from the real army.  The warriors vary in height according to their role, the tallest being the generals.  The according to their role, the tallest being the generals.  The figures include warriors, chariots, horses, officials, acrobats, figures include warriors, chariots, horses, officials, acrobats, strongmen and musicians.  All wooden parts of the chariots strongmen and musicians.  All wooden parts of the chariots have decayed, but jewels, gold and silver decorations have decayed, but jewels, gold and silver decorations remained.  remained.  Even the horses’ bridles were made of silver and Even the horses’ bridles were made of silver and gold and were encrusted with jade and jewels. gold and were encrusted with jade and jewels. 

Page 17: Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties (Pages 80-84)
Page 18: Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties (Pages 80-84)

The Qin dynasty didn’t last longThe Qin dynasty didn’t last long(first emperor ruled for 11 years)(first emperor ruled for 11 years)

The next – Gaozu (The Han Dynasty) – was a nicer leader.The next – Gaozu (The Han Dynasty) – was a nicer leader. China found peace, prosperity, and stabilityChina found peace, prosperity, and stability Built new roads and canalsBuilt new roads and canals Opened up a new trade route (later called “the Silk Road”)Opened up a new trade route (later called “the Silk Road”) Began to trade and export products such as silk – even traded Began to trade and export products such as silk – even traded as far away as Rome.as far away as Rome.

Page 19: Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties (Pages 80-84)

Since trade and government Since trade and government was becoming more complex…was becoming more complex…

Han rulers created a civil Han rulers created a civil service – where citizen service – where citizen employees managed the employees managed the government and kept it’s government and kept it’s records.records.

To be a To be a civil servantcivil servant, you , you had to be educated, so had to be educated, so schools were created for schools were created for these candidates (had to these candidates (had to pass a test to become a pass a test to become a civil servant).civil servant).

Women were not allowed Women were not allowed to take the tests.to take the tests.

Page 20: Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties (Pages 80-84)

The Han DynastyThe Han Dynasty: a time of great : a time of great advancement in technology and the advancement in technology and the

artsarts Silk factories became more Silk factories became more

efficient.efficient. Paper making improved (we still Paper making improved (we still

use their method today).use their method today). The wheelbarrow and a better The wheelbarrow and a better

plow were invented.plow were invented. The arts flourished – including silk The arts flourished – including silk

tapestries.tapestries. Magnificent temples and palaces Magnificent temples and palaces

were built.were built. The Han Dynasty ended up The Han Dynasty ended up

becoming about as big as the becoming about as big as the U.S. is today. U.S. is today.

It lasted until about 220 AD It lasted until about 220 AD (invaded and conquered – (invaded and conquered – another cycle)another cycle)

Page 21: Section II: The Zhou, Qin, and Han Dynasties (Pages 80-84)