Section I: The Threat of WarSection I: The Threat of WarPages 660-667Pages 660-667

Section I: The Threat of WarSection I: The Threat of WarPages 660-667Pages 660-667

This section is about:This section is about: Events in the 1930Events in the 1930’’s that led s that led

up to World War II, including up to World War II, including JapanJapan’’s invasion of China, s invasion of China, ItalyItaly’’s invasion of Ethiopia, s invasion of Ethiopia, and the Spanish civil war.and the Spanish civil war.

How Hitler began taking How Hitler began taking territory for Germany in the territory for Germany in the late 1930late 1930’’s.s.

Events in the 1930Events in the 1930’’s that led s that led up to World War II, including up to World War II, including JapanJapan’’s invasion of China, s invasion of China, ItalyItaly’’s invasion of Ethiopia, s invasion of Ethiopia, and the Spanish civil war.and the Spanish civil war.

How Hitler began taking How Hitler began taking territory for Germany in the territory for Germany in the late 1930late 1930’’s.s.

The picture on 660/661 is very similar to what we saw with WWI (610/611).

Lets look at page 660 (the writing).

And, the timeline – what’s the biggest event for the United States?

Rumblings of War in Asia and Rumblings of War in Asia and EuropeEurope

Look at Look at ““Main IdeasMain Ideas”” on page 662 on page 662 (especially B).(especially B).

GermanyGermany’’s aggression s aggression and the rise of Adolph and the rise of Adolph Hitler were only two of Hitler were only two of the problems in the problems in Europe at this time.Europe at this time.

The were also conflicts The were also conflicts in China, Japan, Italy, in China, Japan, Italy, and Spain.and Spain.

Japan Expands Into AsiaJapan Expands Into Asia Remember that China was Remember that China was

having a civil war in the having a civil war in the 19301930’’s: Mao Zedong and the s: Mao Zedong and the Communists against Jiang Communists against Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists.Jieshi and the Nationalists.

But, Japan was also causing But, Japan was also causing some problems for China.some problems for China.

Japan had been looking for Japan had been looking for an excuse to invade China.an excuse to invade China.

When there was an When there was an explosion at a Japanese explosion at a Japanese owned railroad in Manchuria, owned railroad in Manchuria, the Japanese decided it was the Japanese decided it was time (they probably set up time (they probably set up the explosion themselves).the explosion themselves).

They conquered Manchuria They conquered Manchuria and set up a Japanese and set up a Japanese backed government.backed government.

……………………………………

Japan and Hideki Tojo (military Japan and Hideki Tojo (military leader) believed they had the leader) believed they had the right to rule Asia.right to rule Asia.

While they were there, they While they were there, they might as well use the natural might as well use the natural resources (Japan doesnresources (Japan doesn ’’t have t have many).many).

The League of Nations told The League of Nations told Japan to stop being so Japan to stop being so aggressive in Asia – so Japan got aggressive in Asia – so Japan got mad at them and quit the mad at them and quit the group.group.

One of the next cities Japan One of the next cities Japan attacked was Nanjing. For 6 attacked was Nanjing. For 6 weeks after their victory, they weeks after their victory, they rampaged through the city, rampaged through the city, torturing and murdering more torturing and murdering more than 300,000 men, women, and than 300,000 men, women, and children.children.

This made the two Chinese This made the two Chinese groups unite to fight the groups unite to fight the Japanese – and – it made them Japanese – and – it made them look real bad to the rest of the look real bad to the rest of the world.world.

Italy Invades EthiopiaItaly Invades Ethiopia

In Italy in the 1930In Italy in the 1930’’s, s, Mussolini was Mussolini was ““humiliatedhumiliated”” that he didnthat he didn’’t have too t have too many rich colonies.many rich colonies.

He looked to expand his He looked to expand his empire into Africa empire into Africa (Ethiopia) and eventually (Ethiopia) and eventually invaded them.invaded them.

The League of Nations The League of Nations issued some issued some sanctionssanctions (penalties) against Italy, (penalties) against Italy, but most European nations but most European nations wanted him as a friend (not wanted him as a friend (not an enemy), so they asked an enemy), so they asked that the sanctions be lifted.that the sanctions be lifted.

The emperor of Ethiopia The emperor of Ethiopia told Europe: told Europe: ““It is us today. It is us today. It will be you tomorrow. It will be you tomorrow.””

Spain Fights a Civil WarSpain Fights a Civil WarIn the 1930In the 1930’’s Spain also had a civil war (fascism vs. s Spain also had a civil war (fascism vs.

democracy)democracy)The LoyalistsThe Loyalists

Supported the existing Supported the existing government – which had government – which had passed reforms helping poor passed reforms helping poor people.people.

Mainly workers, trade Mainly workers, trade unionists and supporters of unionists and supporters of democracy.democracy.

Asked for help from the U.S., Asked for help from the U.S., France, and Great Britain.France, and Great Britain.

France sent 200 planes and France sent 200 planes and 9,000 men.9,000 men.

The U.S. and Britain sent food, The U.S. and Britain sent food, clothing, and medical supplies clothing, and medical supplies (they didn't want to get Hitler (they didn't want to get Hitler or or MussoliniMussolini mad at them). mad at them).

The NationalistsThe Nationalists Military, landowners and Military, landowners and

leaders of the Roman Catholic leaders of the Roman Catholic Church.Church.

Led by Francisco Franco Led by Francisco Franco (Fascist).(Fascist).

Looked to Italy and Germany Looked to Italy and Germany for supportfor support

Mussolini sent planes, tanks, Mussolini sent planes, tanks, ships, cannons, weapons, and ships, cannons, weapons, and soldiers to support attacks on soldiers to support attacks on the Spanish government.the Spanish government.

Germany sent 16,000 men.Germany sent 16,000 men. ……………………………………..

As many as 60,000 As many as 60,000 volunteers came from around volunteers came from around the world came to help the the world came to help the Loyalists.Loyalists.

Even with all the help, they Even with all the help, they were weaker than the were weaker than the Nationalists.Nationalists.

After 3 years, Franco had After 3 years, Franco had crushed the Loyalists.crushed the Loyalists.

The United States, France and The United States, France and Great Britain all realized they Great Britain all realized they regretted not helping more.regretted not helping more.

Now there was another Now there was another European country with a European country with a strong military dictatorship.strong military dictatorship.

This also gave German and This also gave German and Italian Soldiers some fighting Italian Soldiers some fighting practice.practice.

And, Hitler now had some And, Hitler now had some access to Spainaccess to Spain’’s iron ore – s iron ore – which could be used for which could be used for ………………

Spanish Civil War Posters

Pablo Picasso's famous painting revealed the horrors of the Spanish Civil War. He created this huge image in protest against the aerial

bombing and the catastrophic slaughter of civilians in Guernica in 1937 by German bombers. Picasso used symbols and images of broken

people, with most of the faces looking up to the sky from where the bombs fell.

Germany Plans for WarGermany Plans for War In 1936, In 1936, HitlerHitler moved moved

German soldiers into the German soldiers into the Rhineland region of Germany.Rhineland region of Germany.

They werenThey weren’’t supposed to be t supposed to be there (the Treaty of there (the Treaty of Versailles).Versailles).

Hitler didnHitler didn’’t care – and now t care – and now he had a place to launch an he had a place to launch an attack on Europe from.attack on Europe from.

That same fall he made That same fall he made alliances with Italy and Japan alliances with Italy and Japan – to back each other up.– to back each other up.

Hitler announced he wanted Hitler announced he wanted to be friends with the Soviet to be friends with the Soviet Union.Union.

In 1937, Hitler also In 1937, Hitler also announced Germany needed announced Germany needed more room and he wanted to more room and he wanted to expand his country.expand his country.

Germany Takes Over Austria and Germany Takes Over Austria and

CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia Hitler's plan was to unite all Hitler's plan was to unite all

German speaking countries German speaking countries – – AustriaAustria was one of those. was one of those.

Hitler forced AustriaHitler forced Austria’’s s government to put some government to put some NaziNazi’’s in positions of power s in positions of power – leading to their – leading to their governmentgovernment’’s collapse.s collapse.

Hitler used Austrian money Hitler used Austrian money to build steel factories and to build steel factories and supply his military forces.supply his military forces.

Hitler also wanted an area Hitler also wanted an area of Czechoslovakia (the of Czechoslovakia (the Sudetenland - with 3 million Sudetenland - with 3 million German speaking people) – German speaking people) – so he took it.so he took it.

Great Britain and France Great Britain and France were mad, but didnwere mad, but didn’’t do t do anything about it – they anything about it – they didndidn’’t want to go to war t want to go to war over just that.over just that.

The Munich ConferenceThe Munich Conference In September, 1938, leaders In September, 1938, leaders

of G.B. and France met with of G.B. and France met with Hitler and Mussolini. Hitler and Mussolini.

Their agreement ended up Their agreement ended up that Hitler got to keep the that Hitler got to keep the Sudetenland and the rest of Sudetenland and the rest of Czechoslovakia would stay Czechoslovakia would stay independent, but he agreed independent, but he agreed that would be all he wanted.that would be all he wanted.

This agreement was called This agreement was called appeasementappeasement..

Can you trust Hitler? After Can you trust Hitler? After the conference and he the conference and he agreement, he almost agreement, he almost immediately invaded immediately invaded Czechoslovakia – eventually Czechoslovakia – eventually using their resources and using their resources and weapons against the Allies.weapons against the Allies.Giving in to someone’s demands,

hoping they won’t do anything worse.

Nonaggression Pact with the Nonaggression Pact with the SovietsSoviets

Hitler knew he should only Hitler knew he should only attack one enemy at a attack one enemy at a time.time.

ThatThat’’s why he made the s why he made the agreement in Munich – he agreement in Munich – he wasnwasn’’t ready to fight G.B. t ready to fight G.B. or France yet.or France yet.

He had to make sure the He had to make sure the Soviet Union wouldnSoviet Union wouldn’’t get t get involved yet.involved yet.

In 1939, Hitler and In 1939, Hitler and Stalin Stalin made an agreement that made an agreement that they wouldnthey wouldn’’t invade each t invade each other (and secretly agreed other (and secretly agreed theythey’’d divide up the lands d divide up the lands between them).between them).

This worked out well for HitleThis worked out well for Hitlerr ’’s plan.s plan.

He didnHe didn’’t want to fight Russia t want to fight Russia in the east while he was busy in the east while he was busy with France and Great Britain with France and Great Britain in the west.in the west.

Hitler hated the Slavs Hitler hated the Slavs (believed they were an (believed they were an inferior race).inferior race).

Stalin detested Nazi Stalin detested Nazi Germany, but wanted the Germany, but wanted the territories Hitler promised territories Hitler promised him.him.

This also gave Stalin time to This also gave Stalin time to build up his military.build up his military.

Other European nations Other European nations prayed Hitler would be happy prayed Hitler would be happy with the lands he already with the lands he already had, and therehad, and there’’s be no war.s be no war.

But, you canBut, you can’’t trust Adolph t trust Adolph Hitler……..Hitler……..