Section Four the Flower

Part One Makeup and Shape

Definition The flower is a abnormal short shoot.

Physiological Function through blossom out and pollination ,than raise

up seed.

For example , Flos Carthami( 红花 ) , Flos C

aryophylli( 丁香 ) , Flos Chrysanthemi( 菊花 )

Flos Lonicerae( 金银花 ) , Flos Mgnoliae( 辛夷 ) ,Pollen Pini( 松花粉 ),Stigma Croci( 番红花 ) and etc.

Medicinal Values

Flos CarthamiFlos Caryophylli

Flos Chrysanthemi

Flos Lonicerae Flos Mgnoliae

Ornamental Values

Paeonia ostiiLanhua

Tanhua

1.Corolla2.Anther3.Filament4.Stigma5.Style6.Ovary7.Receptacle8.Calyx9.pedicel

Composing of Flower

The composing of Flower

1.Composition

★Pedicel

★Receptacle

★Perianth 　　 calyx

　　 corolla

☆cruciferous corolla

☆papilionaceous ～☆labiate ～☆tubular ～☆ligulate ～

the Types of Corolla

☆funnel-shaped ～☆Campanulate ～☆urceolate ～☆salver-shaped ～☆rotate ～

Types of Corolla

1.cruciferous corolla2.papilionaceous ～3.labiate ～4.tubular ～ and ligulate ～5.funnel-shaped ～6.Campanulate ～7.rotate ～8.salver-shaped ～

★androecium filament anther

Types distinct stamen diadelphous ～ didynamous ～ polyadelphous ～ tetradynamous ～ syngenesious ～ monadelphous ～

Type of Stamen

1.Monadelphous stamen

2.Diadelphous stamen

3.Didynamous stamen

4.Tetradynamous stamen

5.Polyadelphous stamen

6.Syngenesious stamen

Type of Stamen1.Didynamous stamen2.Polyadelphous stamen 3.Monadelphous

stamen 4.Synantherous stamen 5.Diadelphous stamen 6.Tetradynamous stamen

★gynoecium stigma style ovary

Types: simple pistil compound pistil

Type of Pistil

1.Simple pistil 2.syncarpous pistil 3. syncarpous pistil

4.simple pistil 5.apocarpous pistil

Ovary superior ovary(hypogynous flower) inferior ovary(epigynous flower) half-inferior ovary(perigynous flowe

r)

Part Two Type of Flower

★complete flower,incomplete flower ★double perianth flower,simple ～， naked ～ ★bisexual flower,unisexual ～ ,monoecism ,dio

ecism,asexual ～ ★actinomorphic flower, zygomorphic ～ ,asym

metric ～

Type of Flower

Ⅰ.naked flower

Ⅱ. Simple flower

Ⅲ.double perianth flowewr

1.Bract 2.calyx 3.corolla

Type of Flower1. naked flower 2. double perianth flowewr

3.4. Simple flower

Part Three Flower Formula and Flower Diagram

Flower Formula it show composing , arrange , location

and each other relation of flower with letter, number and symbol.

1.Letter P:perianthium K:kelch C:corolla A:androecium G:gynoecium 2. Number 0 wanting or degenerate ∞ ≥10 or unsureness Carpel:ovary room:ovule

3.Symbol ＊： actinomorphic flower ↑: zygomorphic flower :bisexual flower ♂:staminate flower ♀:pistillate flower ( ) adnation + ring G: superior ovary G : inferior ovary G: half-inferior ovary

桑科 (Moraceae)

♂P4 ～ 6A4 ～ 6 ♀P4 ～ 6G （ 2 ： 1 ： 1 ）

罂粟科 (Papaveraceae)

　　 *↑K2 C4 ～ 6A4 ～ 6,∞G (2 ～∞： 1 ：∞ )

For instance

百合科 (Liliaceae )

　　 *P3+3 ，（ 3+3 ） A3+3 G （ 3: 3 : ∞ ）

毛茛科 (Ranunculaceae)

　　 *↑K3 ～∞ C3 ～∞， 0A ∞G1 ～∞： 1 ： 1 ～∞

Flower Diagram It is the illustration drawing by transverse se

ction of flower.

Part Four Inflorescence

Inflorescence The way in which the flower arranges

regularly on the rachis and open order are called inflorescence.

★Indefinite ～ : Raceme spike catkin Spadix Corymb umbel Capitulum hypanthodium

Type of Inflorescence

1.Raceme 2.spike 3.corymb 4.catkin 5.spadix 6.umbel 7.head 8.hypanthodium 9. panicle 10.cyme

Type of Inflorescence1.Raceme 2. spike 3. spadix 4.catkin 5. corymb 6.umbel

7.head 8.hypanthodium 9. panicle 10.cyme

11.Verticillaster12.coniform spike

★Definite ～ : Monochasium dichasium Pleiochasium verticillaster

Type of Definite Inflorescence

1.Hericoid cyme2.Scorpioid cyme

3.Dichasium4.Pleiochasium 5 . Verticillaster

Type of Definite Inflorescence1. Scorpioid cyme 2. Hericoid cyme

3.Dichasium 4.Pleiochasium

Part Five Physiological Function

1.Anthesis self pollination

2.pollination cross pollination

3.fertilization

Part six microscopic structure（一） calyx1 epidermis2 mesophyll3 vein

( 二 ) Morphology of pollen grain

Morphology of pollen grain

Review Questions 一 .Definition flower , androecium , gynoecium, placenta,

complete flower , incomplete flower , double perianth flower , simple perianth flower , naked flower , bisexual flower , unisexual flower , asexual flower , flower formula

二 .simple answer 1.what is the function of the flower? 2.what is the composing of the flower?