Section 3

Rationing: Limiting the amount of something that each person can buy.

Internment camp: A prison like place in which people are held during a war.

1939:◦ American factories

6000 airplanes

After Pearl Harbor:◦ President wanted

50,000 airplanes

Many stayed open around the clock:◦ 8-hour shifts

1944:◦ 90,000 planes

By the end of the war:◦ Over 70,000 ships◦ 44 billion bullets◦ 2.5 million army

trucks

Americans too young or too old:◦ Worked for Red Cross◦ Knotted sweaters and

socks for troops◦ Donated blood◦ Planted vegetable

gardens: Victory gardens (food)

◦ Bought war bonds (help pay for war)

People received a month’s supply of coupons:◦ Allowed people to buy

products that were hard to get: Meat Sugar Butter Coffee

Clothing was nearly impossible to get:◦ Cloth needed for

military

During the war women made up 1/3rd of factory workers:◦ Many over the age

of 35

1. Women in the military:• Separated women’s

units2. Worked in military

offices:• More men could serve

in battle3. Women flew supply

planes:• Men could fly fighters

and bombers4. Women served as nurses

Women were paid 40% less

Government set up agencies to direct war effort:◦ Fuel agency:

Get fuel to armed forces Encouraged civilian to

cut back◦ Wage-and-price agency:

Controlled food prices Controlled workers’ pay:

No prices or wages were raised during the war

More than 27 million Americans moved during the war:◦ Largest migration in

U.S. History Many African

Americans moved to:◦ Cities in the North East◦ Midwest◦ West Coast

Factory work

Left low paying farm jobs in the south for better paying factory jobs

FDR-signed order:◦ African Americans

were treated fairly in defense plants

1 million served during WWII:◦ Still faced

discrimination Given jobs as:

◦ Cooks◦ Waiters◦ Workers in supply units

Many African Americans still wanted to be part of the fight

Created in 1941 All pilots were

African American “Tuskegee Airmen”

Job◦ Protected bombers

flying over Europe◦ No bomber ever shot

down Shot down 103 enemy

planes Destroyed 298 planes on

the ground

More Latinos volunteered than any other group:◦ Mexican Americans◦ Puerto Ricans(1 in 4 men in Bataan

Death March was a Mexican American)

◦ Still discriminated 300,000+ served

during the war Took jobs from workers

who went to war

Americans fear:◦ Japanese Americans on

the West Coast might help Japan

1942, FDR:◦ Order them to be put into

internment camps 100,000 Japanese

Americans◦ Gave up:

Homes Farms businesses

Thousands of Japanese Americans fought in the war:◦ 442nd Infantry

Highly decorated After the War:

◦ U.S. paid some of the Japanese Americans for the loss of their property No more than 10%

Chapter 22 Section 3 Crossword