America Enters the WarSection 23.3

Objectives Explain the reasons why the Japanese

attacked Pearl Harbor

Evaluate the decision for Germany to declare war on the United States

Describe what the Doolittle raid did for American morale

Reasons for the Attack US places

embargo on Japan• Stopping trade on

oil, iron ore, fuel, steel and rubber

Hideki Tojo became Japanese Minister of War

Reasons for the Attack United States ultimate position on

Japanese expansion – NOV 26, 1941• Withdraw troops from Indo-China and China• Accept Chaing Kai-Shek as leader of China• Remove Japan from Tripartite Pact

This position undermined Japanese power greatly

Planning the Attack Admiral Yamamoto

planned the attack• Opposed the

Tripartite Pact Vice Admiral

Nagumo commanded the attack on Pearl Harbor

Results of the Attack 2500 people killed 8 battleships severely damaged 3 destroyers left unusable 3 light cruisers damaged 160 aircraft destroyed

• 128 damaged Aircraft carriers were out at sea on a

training mission. All were left intact

Declaration of War Congress votes 388 to 1 to declare

war on Japan Because of the Tripartite Pact, Hitler

and Mussolini declare war on the US• At this point in the war Hitler is fighting

Britain in the west, Soviet Union in the East and has now declared war on the United States.

Japanese Run Free With the American fleet in the Pacific

severely crippled, Japan has free reign in the pacific.

Japan takes Guam, Wake Island and Hong Kong

Japanese invade the Philippines

US Forces Overwhelmed General Douglas

MacArthur• Commander of US

forces in the Philippines

Forced to retreat from Manila to Corregidor Island

Bataan Death March MacArthur was ordered to evacuate to

Australia

Forces on Corregidor Island dug in and fought for 5 months• May 1942 – 75,000 Allied soldiers surrendered.

American Prisoners of War were forced to march 55 miles to reach a railway and then forced to march another 8 miles

Bataan Death March 9,300 Americans

and 45,000 Filipinos arrived in camp after the Death March

Approximately 7,000 Filipino troops died and 1,000 American POW’s died on the march

America Strikes Back Doolittle Raid – April 1942

• Goal was to “Bring the war home to the Japanese”

• 16 B-25 bombers sent to Tokyo on a bombing mission

• Proved a minimal military gain, but the attack boosted American morale as well as threatened the safety of the Japanese Emperor.

• Out of the 80 soldiers who volunteered, 71 made it home

Battle of Coral Sea May 1942 – Japanese and American

aircraft carriers engaged in battle• First fight in the sea that enemy ships never

sighted each other

Exclusively an air battle• Forced the Japanese to call off their attack

on New Guinea• Marked a shift in momentum for the war in

the Pacific

Objectives Explain the reasons why the Japanese

attacked Pearl Harbor

Evaluate the decision for Germany to declare war on the United States

Describe what the Doolittle raid did for American morale