section 2-2: composition of air and air pollution 10-1-2014

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Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

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Question’s to Ask Yourself? I.) What substances are found naturally in air? II.) How is global warming both a human made and natural occurring issue? III.) How has the composition of air been changed by human activity? IV.) What effects do humans have on the atmosphere? V.) How do fossil fuels affect air quality and human health? VI.) How and why is Earth constantly changing?

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Page 1: Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution

10-1-2014

Page 2: Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

Lesson ObjectiveBy the end of this lesson, students should be able to:Describe the relative amounts and kinds of elements and

compounds that compose the atmosphere.Describe the many gaseous compounds and particles released

into the atmosphere by human activity and natural causes.Explain the known and unknown effects of these human-

released materials on the atmosphere and on human health.Compare and contrast the effects of ozone near the surface vs.

ozone in the stratosphere.Explore the greenhouse effect and its relationship to

atmospheric composition. Identify the effects of air pollutants on human and

environmental health.

Page 3: Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

Question’s to Ask Yourself?

I.) What substances are found naturally in air?II.) How is global warming both a human made and natural occurring issue?III.) How has the composition of air been changed by human activity?IV.) What effects do humans have on the atmosphere?V.) How do fossil fuels affect air quality and human health? VI.) How and why is Earth constantly changing?

Page 4: Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

Vocabulary I.) air quality XIII.) Particulate Matter II.) atmosphere VX.) Greenhouse Effect III.) carbon dioxide XV.) Ozone (ground level) IV.) climate XVI.) Chlorofluorocarbons V.) cloud emission XVII.) Environmental Protection Agency VI.) fossil fuels XVIII.) Environment VII.) global warming XIX.) Ecological Effects VIII.) humidity XX.) Acid Rain IX.) nitrogen XXI.) Pollution X.) oxygen XXII.) Ozone Layer (depletion) XI.) pollen XXIII.) Organisms XII.) pollute XVX.) London Smog

Page 6: Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

NotesI.) What Substances are Naturally Found in Air?

a.) Nitrogen – 78% b.) Oxygen – 21% c.) Trace Gases: Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor, Particulate Matter, Aerosols, Ozone, Methane. d.) Other substances include neon, helium, krypton, sulfur dioxide, methane, hydrogen, nitrous oxide, xenon, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, iodine, carbon monoxide, and ammonia.

*Particulate Matter and Aerosols naturally occur or are released as fossil fuels.* a.) Natural sources include: Volcanoes, pollen, bacteria, sea salt, b.) Unnatural sources: Fossil fuels

* The effects of these added materials can cause increased cloud cover, changes in weather, and respiration problems for living things.*

Page 7: Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

NotesII.) How is global warming both a human made and natural occurring issue?The atmosphere is in a constant state of flux as both

natural and unnatural processes alter its composition.Other common materials in the atmosphere come from

natural sources. Air contains dust, bacteria, pollen, salt from sea spray, ash from volcanoes, water vapor, and even dead skin cells (also known as particulate matter).

An erupting volcano can change the composition of the atmosphere locally and globally as winds carry particles over large distances.

The effects of these added materials can cause increased cloud cover, changes in weather, and respiration problems for living things.

Page 8: Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

NotesII.) How is global warming both a human made and natural occurring issue? Many changes to the composition of air also originate from

unnatural sources. The burning of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide. This is thought to be responsible for a prominent increase in global temperatures over the last century.

Burning fossil fuels also causes the formation of ozone near Earth’s surface, a component of smog. Other chemicals, such as sulfur from burning coal and nitrogen compounds from industrial burning and car emissions, readily combine with water vapor in the atmosphere to create sulfuric and nitric acid rain.

Finally, CFCs, or chlorofluorocarbons, cause the destruction of beneficial atmospheric ozone in the stratosphere.

Page 9: Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

NotesIII.) How has the composition of air been changed by human activity? Air Quality: the degree to which the ambient air is pollution-free, assessed by

measuring a number of indicators of pollution. Air pollution: introduction of chemicals, matter, or other materials into the

atmosphere that can bring harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms and cause damage to the environment.

Photochemical Smog: brown haze formed when secondary pollutants interact with sunlight.

Emissions: pollutant released into the air from a given source, such as an automobile tailpipe.

Acid Rain: rain, snow, fog, and other forms of precipitation with a pH below 5.6 that can harm plant and animal life and is formed when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides combine with moisture in the atmosphere.

Fossil Fuels: are fuels formed by natural processes such as buried organic decaying matter. When Human’s burn fossil fuels, gases such as: Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor, Methane, Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxide, ground level Ozone, ect.

*The effects of these added materials can cause increased cloud cover, changes in weather, and respiration problems for living things.*

Page 10: Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

Nuclear Power Plant

Page 11: Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

Chimney Stacks From Industrial Companies

Page 12: Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

Car Exhaust Fumes

Page 13: Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

Smoke from Fire

Page 14: Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

NotesIII.) How has the composition of air been changed

by human activity?The release of fossil fuels is increasing each year.China, India, and the U.S. are the leading participants in

air pollution.Air composition is constantly changing due to the

increase in mixtures of gases including sulfur oxides, nitrous oxides, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, smoke, particulate matter.

Ground level Ozone is increasing in Urban area’s creating smog during hot summer days.

Page 15: Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

Notes IV.) What effects do humans have on the atmosphere?Global Climate Change is increasing due to the emissions of

fossil fuels.The Earth is naturally changing, we are speeding up the

process (higher temperature = sea level rise = melting of polar ice caps = more CO2 and water vapor in the atmosphere).

Respiratory issues (such as bronchitis and asthma) will continue to occur due to particulate matter and fossil fuel burning.

Links to respiratory problems, global warming, and changes in weather patterns are attributed to changes in atmospheric composition. Increased erosion, changes in plant and animal populations, and even increases in skin cancer from the destruction of ozone are all potential hazards due to atmospheric composition changes.

Page 16: Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

NotesLondon Smog (London, England – Winter 1952)

Was a severe air-pollution event that affected London during the winter of 1952.

Collected airborne pollutants, mostly from the use of coal, formed a thick layer of smog over the city (Smog = Smoke + Fog).

Government medical reports in the following weeks estimated that up until 8 December 4,000 people had died prematurely and 100,000 more were made ill because of the smog's effects on the human respiratory tract.

It is known to be the worst air-pollution event in the history of the United Kingdom, and the most significant in terms of its effect on environmental research, government regulation, and public awareness of the relationship between air quality and health.

Page 17: Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

NotesLondon Smog (December 1952 – February 8, 1953)

Page 18: Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

Videohttp://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-

20615186

Page 19: Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

NotesV.) How do fossil fuels affect air quality and human health? Respiratory Illnesses including bronchitis and asthma

are the main issues with concerns to human health.Many different ecosystems are affected by the

emissions of fossil fuels. Cancer may occur (lung cancer, throat cancer, ect.).Acid Rain: is formed from the burning of fossil fuels

from factories. Acidic Gases are released such as: sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides. These gaseous chemicals react to clouds present in the atmosphere to form sulfuric and nitric acids. These acids drop with the rain.

Page 20: Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

Notes*Meteorologists can monitor how much Carbon, Sulfur,

Nitrogen, and any other compound/mixture of gases that is occurring in the atmosphere.*

Meteorologists use technology to measure these gases/particles in the atmosphere.

Meteorologists develop Air Pollution Indices to determine how much gas is within the atmosphere.

Meteorologists report to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) when indices are out of compliance.

EPA: is an agency of the United States federal government whose mission is to protect human and environmental health.

Page 21: Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

NotesVI.) How and why is Earth constantly changing?The atmosphere is in a constant state of flux as both

natural and unnatural processes alter its composition. The rate of change, and its effects on humans, is

somewhat unknown. Links to respiratory problems, global warming, and changes in weather patterns are attributed to changes in atmospheric composition.

Increased erosion, changes in plant and animal populations, and even increases in skin cancer from the destruction of ozone are all potential hazards due to atmospheric composition changes.

Page 22: Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

Notes*How can we improve the methods on Air Pollution*

Reducing emissions that cause poor air quality, ozone depletion (Car Pooling, Driving Emission inspected cars).

The rewards of addressing air pollution include improved human health, increased productivity and reduced health costs and a healthier, more productive environment. In turn, these benefits will result in a healthier, more sustainable economy.

Page 23: Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

ReviewI.) Lesson ObjectiveII.) Questions to Ask YourselfIII.) VocabularyIV.) VideosV.) NotesVI.) Ending Question

Page 24: Section 2-2: Composition of Air and Air Pollution 10-1-2014

Essential Standard: 7.E.1 Understand how the cycling of matter (water and gases) in and out of the atmosphere relates to Earth’s atmosphere, weather and climate and the effects of the atmosphere on humans. Clarifying Objective: Conclude that the good health of humans requires: monitoring the atmosphere, maintaining air quality and stewardship.Essential Question: 7.E.1.1 How are natural Earth processes essential to life? 7.E.1.6 What effects do humans have on the atmosphere? How do fossil fuels affect air quality and human health? How is global warming both a human made and natural occurring issue?Learning Target: 7.E.1.1 I can describe how atmospheric gases are renewed and recycled through earth’s processes. 7.E.1.6 I can investigate the importance of the ozone. I can explain the importance of air quality on human health. I can evaluate how air quality is monitored and improved. Learning Outcome: 7.E.1.6 I will explain how the ozone layer blocks harmful radiation. I will identify greenhouse gases and their sources. I will identify point and non-point sources of pollution. I will research ways to improve or maintain air quality. I will describe the effects of human influence on air quality. I will utilize technology to find and define the difference between air quality standards.Literacy Connections: R.7.4: Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain-specific words and phrases as they are used in specific scientific context.R.7.6: Analyze the author's purpose in providing an explanation, describing a procedure, or discussing an experiment in a text.R.7.7: Integrate quantitative or technical information expressed in words in a text with a version of that information expressed visually (e.g., in a flow chart, diagram, model, graph or table).R.7.8: Distinguish among facts, reasoned judgment based on research findings, and speculation in a text.R.7.9: Compare and contrast the information gained from experiments, simulations, video, or multimedia sources with that gained from reading a text on the same topic.