section 1 measuring motion explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. ...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Section 1 Measuring Motion
Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference.
Relate speed to distance and time.
Distinguish between speed and velocity.
Solve problems related to time, distance, displacement, speed, and velocity.
Chapter 10
![Page 2: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Motion is an object’s change in position relative to a reference point.
Displacement is the change in the position of an object.
• Distance measures the path taken.• Displacement is the change of an object’s
position. Displacement must always indicate direction.
Section 1 Measuring MotionChapter 10
![Page 3: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Section 1 Measuring MotionChapter 10
![Page 4: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Section 1 Measuring MotionChapter 10
![Page 5: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Speed is the distance traveled divided by the time interval during which the motion occurred. Speed describes how fast an object moves.
Speed measurements involve distance and time.
• The SI units for speed are meters per second (m/s).• When an object covers equal distances in equal
amounts of time, it is moving at a constant speed.
Section 1 Measuring MotionChapter 10
![Page 6: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Section 1 Measuring MotionChapter 10
![Page 7: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Speed can be studied with graphs and equations.
Speed can be determined from a distance-time graph. When an object’s motion is graphed by plotting distance on the y-axis and time on the x-axis, the slope of the graph is speed.
Section 1 Measuring MotionChapter 10
![Page 8: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Average speed is calculated as distance divided by time.Equation for Average Speed
speed = distance
time v = dt
Section 1 Measuring MotionChapter 10
• Instantaneous speed is the speed at a given point in time.
![Page 9: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Velocity Metal stakes are sometimes placed in glaciers to help measure a glacier’s movement. For several days in 1936, Alaska’s Black Rapids glacier surged as swiftly as 89 meters per day down the valley. Find the glacier’s velocity in m/s. Remember to include direction.
1. List the given and the unknown values.Given:m down the valleyUnknown:
Section 1 Measuring MotionChapter 10
![Page 10: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
2. Perform any necessary conversions.To find the velocity in meters per second, the value for time must be in seconds.
Section 1 Measuring MotionChapter 10
![Page 11: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
speed = displacement
time = dt
3. Write the equation for speed.
v = dt =
89 m8.64 104 s
(For velocity, include direction.)
v = 1.0 10–3 m/s down the valley
Section 1 Measuring MotionChapter 10
4. Insert the known values into the equation, and solve.
![Page 12: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Velocity is the speed of an object in a particular direction.
Velocity describes both the speed and the direction.
Combine velocities to determine the resultant velocity.
Section 1 Measuring MotionChapter 10
![Page 13: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Section 1 Measuring MotionChapter 10
![Page 14: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Section 1 Measuring MotionChapter 10
Visual Concept
![Page 15: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Section 2 Acceleration
Describe the concept of acceleration as a change in velocity.
Explain why circular motion is continuous acceleration even when the speed does not change.
Calculate acceleration as the rate at which velocity changes.
Graph acceleration on a velocity-time graph.
Chapter 10
![Page 16: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes over time.
An object accelerates if its speed, direction, or both change.
Section 2 AccelerationChapter 10
![Page 17: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Section 2 AccelerationChapter 10
![Page 18: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Acceleration can be a change in speed.
Acceleration can be a change in direction.
Uniform circular motion is constant acceleration.
Section 2 AccelerationChapter 10
![Page 19: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Section 2 AccelerationChapter 10
![Page 20: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes.Acceleration Equation (for straight-line motion)
acceleration = final velocity – initial velocity
time a = ∆vt
Section 2 AccelerationChapter 10
• In SI units, acceleration is measured in meters per second per second (m/s/s) or m/s2.
![Page 21: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Acceleration A flowerpot falls off a second-story windowsill. The flowerpot starts from rest and hits the sidewalk 1.5 s later with a velocity of 14.7 m/s. Find the average acceleration of the flowerpot.
1. List the given and the unknown values.Given:
Unknown:
Section 2 AccelerationChapter 10
![Page 22: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
3. Insert the known values into the equation, and solve.
Section 2 AccelerationChapter 10
2. Write the equation for acceleration.
![Page 23: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Acceleration can be determined from a velocity-time graph.
Section 2 AccelerationChapter 10
![Page 24: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Section 2 AccelerationChapter 10
![Page 25: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Section 3 Motion and Force
Explain the effects of unbalanced forces on the motion of objects.
Compare and contrast static and kinetic friction.
Describe how friction may be either harmful or helpful.
Identify ways in which friction can be reduced or increased.
Chapter 10
![Page 26: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Force is an action exerted on a body in order to change the body’s state of rest or motion. Force has magnitude and direction.• The net force is the combination of all forces
acting on an object.
Objects subjected to balanced forces either do not move or move at constant velocity.
An unbalanced force must be present to cause any change in an object’s state of motion or rest.
Section 3 Motion and ForceChapter 10
![Page 27: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Section 3 Motion and ForceChapter 10
![Page 28: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Friction is a force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact.
Friction opposes the applied force.
Section 3 Motion and ForceChapter 10
![Page 29: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Section 3 Motion and ForceChapter 10
![Page 30: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Static friction resists the initiation of sliding motion between two surfaces that are in contact and at rest.
Kinetic friction opposes the movement of two surfaces that are in contact and are sliding over each other.
Static friction is greater than kinetic friction. • There are many different types of kinetic friction,
such as sliding friction and rolling friction. • Fluid friction, such as air resistance, also opposes
motion.
Section 3 Motion and ForceChapter 10
![Page 31: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Section 3 Motion and ForceChapter 10
![Page 32: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Section 3 Motion and ForceChapter 10
![Page 33: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Friction can be helpful or harmful.• Friction is necessary to roll a vehicle or hold an
object.• However, friction can also cause excessive
heating or wear of moving parts.
Harmful friction can be reduced.
Helpful friction can be increased.
Section 3 Motion and ForceChapter 10
![Page 34: Section 1 Measuring Motion Explain the relationship between motion and a frame of reference. Relate speed to distance and time. Distinguish between](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062408/56649e0d5503460f94af5f04/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Section 3 Motion and ForceChapter 10