SECT.2-9P.67-69DIGESTION

PROCESS THAT BREAKS DOWN FOOD

DIGESTION

1. INTRACELLULARWITHIN THE CELL EXAMPLESPLANTS, PARAMECIUM (PROTISTS)

*ENZYMES BREAK DOWN FOOD INTO SMALL MOLECULES THE CELL CAN USE

2.EXTRACELLULAROUTSIDE THE CELL EXAMPLEANIMALS  *ENZYMES ARE SECRETED INTO A DIGESTIVE CAVITY WHERE FOOD IS BROKEN DOWN AND THE NUTRIENTS ARE PASSED TO CELLS

2 TYPES OF DIGESTION

1. INCOMPLETE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM*ONE OPENING (MOUTH OR ORAL CAVITY)

EXAMPLESTARFISH2.COMPLETE

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM*TWO OPENINGS (MOUTH AND ANUS)

EXAMPLEHUMAN

2 TYPES OF ANIMAL SYSTEMS

1. PHYSICAL LARGE PIECES ARE BROKEN INTO SMALLER ONES

ALSO KNOWN AS MECHANICAL

2. CHEMICAL BREAKING DOWN OF COMPLEX MOLECULES INTO SMALLER ONES

INCLUDING CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS AND LIPIDS

 

2 PARTS TO DIGESTION

P.69-73 (SEE CHART P.71)

THE HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

INGESTION OF FOODPHYSICAL DIGESTIONBEGINNING OF

CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION (SALIVARY AMYLASE FROM THE SALIVARY GLANDS)

1. MOUTH (ORAL CAVITY)

TUBE OFF THE PHARYNX THAT CONTRACTS (THIS CONTRACTION IS CALLED PERISTALSIS) TO PUSH FOOD TO STOMACH

2. ESOPHAGUS

FLAP TO COVER TRACHEA OR AIRWAY

3. EPIGLOTTIS

BREAKS DOWN FOOD INTO A PASTE-LIKE CONSISTENCY

CONTAINS HYDROCHLORIC ACID (pH NEAR 2)

HORMONE GASTRIN IS PRODUCED TO STIMULATE ACID PRODUCTION

SECRETES PEPSIN (ACTIVE FORM OF PEPSINOGEN) TO BEGIN PROTEIN DIGESTION

MUCUS LINING FOR PROTECTION

SORES CALLED ULCERS CAN FORM

4. STOMACH

PRODUCES PANCREATIC JUICE TO MAKE THE SMALL INTESTINE BASIC (pH NEAR 8)

RELEASES THE ENZYMES PANCREATIC AMYLASE (CARBS), TRYPSIN (PROTEINS), LIPASE (LIPIDS) INTO THE SMALL INTESTINES

5. PANCREAS

PRODUCES BILE TO EMULSIFY (BREAKDOWN FROM LARGE TO SMALL) LIPIDS

6. LIVER

STORES BILEGALLSTONES CAN FORM

HERE

7. GALL BLADDER

NUTRIENT ABSORPTION OF DIGESTIVE END PRODUCTS (MONOMERS) INTO THE BLOOD THROUGH STRUCTURES CALLED VILLI

BASIC ENVIRONMENT pH NEAR 8

HORMONE PRODUCED IS SECRETIN (WHICH STIMULATES THE PANCREAS TO SECRETE PANCREATIC JUICE)

8. SMALL INTESTINE

WATER ABSORPTION WASTE FOR EGESTION

(REMOVAL)

9. LARGE INTESTINE

28 MULTIPLE CHOICE (WITH 7 DIGESTION DIAGRAMS)

4 ORGAN IDENTIFICATION

4 SHORT ANSWER (1 PT. EACH)

3 BONUS SHORT ANSWER (1 PT. EACH)

TOTAL VALUE36 POINTS

WHAT TO STUDY NOTES (INCLUDING HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ORGAN OUTLINE)

EARTHWORM/BIRD HANDOUT

DIGESTION DIAGRAM HANDOUTS (CARBS, PROTEINS AND LIPIDS)

BODY DIAGRAM HANDOUT

HW QUESTIONS STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS

DIGESTION TEST FORMAT