secondary ptsd m7 a2 smith marcanne
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder~
Secondary Effects on the Family
Course Code: PSY492
Submitted by: Marcanne Smith
Date: April 12, 2010
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What is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
Anxiety disorder developed after experiencing a traumatic or life-threatening event
Disintegration of the human psyche’s natural protection mechanism of fear – “fight or flight”
Associated with persistent, frightening thoughts and memories, or flashbacks, of the ordeal
Persons with PTSD often feel chronically, emotionally numb
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What is secondary PTSD?
Indirect exposure to trauma through a firsthand account or narrative of a traumatic event
Act of mirroring side effects of PTSD
Altering of behaviors for fear of verbal and/or physical abuse from PTSD patient
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Who is effected by secondary PTSD?
Family members
Co-workers
Friends
Acquaintances
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Understanding Secondary PTSD
PTSD / Secondary PTSD is not prejudiced
Co-workers can be indirectly affected
Friends can be lost
Acquaintances can become unwilling victims of rage associated with both PTSD and Secondary PTSD
Family members adopt trauma as their “own”
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Is Secondary PTSD real?Continuous indirect exposure (retelling of
events) to traumatic events can transfer PTSD-like symptoms
Negative behaviors of PTSD person can result in traumatic events
Currently, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th Edition) does not recognize secondary PTSD as a valid disorder; consequently treatment options are extremely limited for family members.
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Treating PTSD patient
Intensive couples therapy
Retelling of events to family member in a non-threatening, neutral environment◦Personal recounting without projecting◦Film footage
Treating Secondary PTSD
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Defining “victim”Secondary PTSD needs to be
declared valid psychosesSecondary PTSD can be as
damaging as PTSDSecondary PTSD is as treatable
as PTSDJoint effort between therapist and
patient
Conclusion
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References Black, T. G. (2004). Psychotherapy and Outcome Research in Ptsd:
Understanding the Challenges and Complexities in the Literature. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 38(4), 277+.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. (2010). Retrieved on April 17, 2010 from http://www.ptsd.ne.gov/what-is-ptsd.html
Solomon, Z., Dekel, R., Zerach, G., & Horesh, D. (2009). Differentiation of the Self and Posttraumatic Symptomatology among Ex-pows and Their Wives. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 35(1), 60+
Taylor, S. (Ed.). (2004). Advances in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Cognitive Behavioral Perspectives. New York: Springer
Williams-Keeler, L., McCarrey, M., Baranowsky, A. B., Young, M., & Johnson-Douglas, S. (1998). Ptsd Transmission: a Review of Secondary Traumatization in Holocaust Survivor Families. Canadian Psychology, 39(4), 247+.
Williams, M. B. & Sommer, J. F. (Eds.). (1994). Handbook of Post-Traumatic Therapy. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press