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Proper&es of Ma,er Sec$on 2

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Page 1: Secon 2 Proper&es of Ma,er...Physical Properes You can stretch a rubber band, but you cannot stretch a piece of string much, if at all. You can bend a piece of wire, but you cannot

Proper&esofMa,erSec$on2

Page 2: Secon 2 Proper&es of Ma,er...Physical Properes You can stretch a rubber band, but you cannot stretch a piece of string much, if at all. You can bend a piece of wire, but you cannot

Essen&alQues&ons

Whatarephysicalandchemicalproper$es?

Whatarethedifferencesandsimilari$esofphysicalandchemicalchanges?

Howdoesthelawofconserva$onofmassapplytochemicalchanges?

Page 3: Secon 2 Proper&es of Ma,er...Physical Properes You can stretch a rubber band, but you cannot stretch a piece of string much, if at all. You can bend a piece of wire, but you cannot

ReviewVocabulary

boilingpoint:thetemperatureatwhichthevaporpressureoftheliquidisequaltotheexternalpressureac$ngonthesurfaceoftheliquid

Page 4: Secon 2 Proper&es of Ma,er...Physical Properes You can stretch a rubber band, but you cannot stretch a piece of string much, if at all. You can bend a piece of wire, but you cannot

NewVocabulary

physicalproperty

physicalchange

dis$lla$on

lawofconserva$onofmass

chemicalproperty

chemicalchange

Page 5: Secon 2 Proper&es of Ma,er...Physical Properes You can stretch a rubber band, but you cannot stretch a piece of string much, if at all. You can bend a piece of wire, but you cannot

PhysicalProper&esYoucanstretcharubberband,butyoucannotstretchapieceofstringmuch,ifatall.Youcanbendapieceofwire,butyoucannoteasilybendamatchs$ck.Theabili$estostretchandtobendsubstancesarephysicalproper$es.Theiden$tyofthesubstances—rubber,string,wire,wood—doesnotchange.Anycharacteris$cofamaterialthatyoucanobservewithoutchangingtheiden$tyofthesubstanceisaphysicalproperty.Someexamplesofphysicalproper$esarecolor,shape,size,density,mel$ngpoint,andboilingpoint.

Page 6: Secon 2 Proper&es of Ma,er...Physical Properes You can stretch a rubber band, but you cannot stretch a piece of string much, if at all. You can bend a piece of wire, but you cannot

PhysicalChange

TedKinsman/Scien

ceSou

rce

Physicalproper$escanchangewhilecomposi$onremainsfixed.Ifyoutearapieceofchewinggum,youchangesomeofitsphysicalproper$es—itssizeandshape.However,youhavenotchangedtheiden$tyofthematerialsthatmakeupthegum.

Whenasubstance,suchaswater,freezes,boils,evaporates,orcondenses,itundergoesaphysicalchange.Achangeinsize,shape,orstateofmaMerinwhichtheiden$tyofthesubstanceremainsthesameiscalledaphysicalchange.

Page 7: Secon 2 Proper&es of Ma,er...Physical Properes You can stretch a rubber band, but you cannot stretch a piece of string much, if at all. You can bend a piece of wire, but you cannot

ChemicalProper&esandChemicalChangesYouhaveprobablyseenwarningsoncansofpaintthinnerandlighterfluidforcharcoalgrillsthatstatetheseliquidsareflammable(FLAmuhbuhl).Thetendencyofasubstancetoburn,calleditsflammability,isanexampleofachemicalproperty.Anycharacteris$cofamaterialthatyoucanobservethatproducesoneormorenewsubstancesisachemicalproperty.Flammabilityisachemicalpropertybecauseburningproducesnewsubstances.Asaresult,achemicalchange,alsocalledachemicalreac$on,hasoccurred.Manyothersubstancesusedaroundthehomeareflammable.Knowingwhichonesareflammablehelpsyoutousethemsafely.

Page 8: Secon 2 Proper&es of Ma,er...Physical Properes You can stretch a rubber band, but you cannot stretch a piece of string much, if at all. You can bend a piece of wire, but you cannot

ChemicalProper&esandChemicalChangesAlessdrama$cchemicalchangecanaffectsomemedicines.Lookatthefigurebelow.YouhaveprobablyseenboMleslikethisinapharmacy.ManymedicinesarestoredindarkboMlesbecausethemedicinescontaincompoundsthatcanchemicallychangeiftheyareexposedtolight.

BrianHa

giwara/Food

Pix/Ge

MyIm

ages

Page 9: Secon 2 Proper&es of Ma,er...Physical Properes You can stretch a rubber band, but you cannot stretch a piece of string much, if at all. You can bend a piece of wire, but you cannot

Detec&ngChemicalChangeThesmellofroMeneggsandtheforma$onofrustonbikesandcarfendersarealsosignsthatachemicalchangehastakenplace.Achangeofonesubstancetoanotherisachemicalchange.Bubbleforma$onproducedbythefoamingofanantacidtabletinaglassofwaterisasignofnewsubstancesbeingproduced.Insomechemicalchanges,arapidreleaseofenergy—detectedasheat,light,andsound—isacluethatchangesareoccurring.Adisplayoffireworksinthenightskyisanexample.Thefigureaboveillustratesanothervisualclue—theforma$onofasolidprecipitate.

Andrew

Lam

bert/LeslieGarland

PictureLibrary/Alamy

Page 10: Secon 2 Proper&es of Ma,er...Physical Properes You can stretch a rubber band, but you cannot stretch a piece of string much, if at all. You can bend a piece of wire, but you cannot

WeatheringGeologists,whousethesamecriteriathatyouhavelearnedinthischapter,saythatsomeweatheringchangesarephysicalandsomearechemical.

(t)©

JimZuckerm

an/Corbis,(b

)PeteTurner/Iconica/G

eMyIm

ages

Page 11: Secon 2 Proper&es of Ma,er...Physical Properes You can stretch a rubber band, but you cannot stretch a piece of string much, if at all. You can bend a piece of wire, but you cannot

TheConserva&onofMassMassisnotgainedorlostduringanychemicalchange.Infact,maMerisneithercreatednordestroyedduringachemicalchange.Accordingtothelawofconserva&onofmass,themassofallsubstancesthatarepresentbeforeachemicalchange,knownasthereactants,equalsthemassofallofthesubstancesthatremainaZerthechange,whicharecalledtheproducts.

TheLawofConserva&onofMasstotalmassofthereactants=totalmassoftheproducts

MaM

Meado

ws/

McG

raw-HillEdu

ca$o

n

Page 12: Secon 2 Proper&es of Ma,er...Physical Properes You can stretch a rubber band, but you cannot stretch a piece of string much, if at all. You can bend a piece of wire, but you cannot

elementD

conserva$onC

physicalB

chemicalA

Whattypeofpropertyisrepresentedbytheillustra$on?

Assessment

1.

CORRECT

STOCK

4B/agefo

tostock

Page 13: Secon 2 Proper&es of Ma,er...Physical Properes You can stretch a rubber band, but you cannot stretch a piece of string much, if at all. You can bend a piece of wire, but you cannot

mel$ngD

evapora$onC

burningB

boilingA

Whichisanexampleofachemicalchange?

Assessment

2.

CORRECT

Page 14: Secon 2 Proper&es of Ma,er...Physical Properes You can stretch a rubber band, but you cannot stretch a piece of string much, if at all. You can bend a piece of wire, but you cannot

physicalpropertyD

chemicalpropertyC

physicalchangeB

chemicalchangeA

Supposeyoustarttoeatsomepotatochipsfromanopenbagthatyoufoundinyourlockerandno$cethattheytasteunpleasant.Whatprocessresultedinthisunpleasanttaste?

Assessment

3.

CORRECT

Page 15: Secon 2 Proper&es of Ma,er...Physical Properes You can stretch a rubber band, but you cannot stretch a piece of string much, if at all. You can bend a piece of wire, but you cannot

physicalpropertyD

chemicalpropertyC

physicalchangeB

chemicalchangeA

Howwouldyoudescribetheprocessofevapora$ngfreshwaterfromseawater?

Assessment

4.

CORRECT

Page 16: Secon 2 Proper&es of Ma,er...Physical Properes You can stretch a rubber band, but you cannot stretch a piece of string much, if at all. You can bend a piece of wire, but you cannot

ShakeWellD

FlammableC

SharpObjectB

FragileA

Whichofthesewarningsreferstoachemicalpropertyofthematerial?

Assessment

5.

CORRECT

Page 17: Secon 2 Proper&es of Ma,er...Physical Properes You can stretch a rubber band, but you cannot stretch a piece of string much, if at all. You can bend a piece of wire, but you cannot

forma$onofasolidprecipitateD

rustC

forma$onofbubblesB

brokenglassA

Whichofthefollowingisevidencethataphysicalchangehasoccurred?

Assessment

6.

CORRECT


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