searching strategies kim solez, m.d.. searching - a wonderful world out there!

Searching Strategies Searching Strategies

Kim Solez, M.D.Kim Solez, M.D.

Searching - A Wonderful World Searching - A Wonderful World Out There!Out There!

General Search ToolsGeneral Search Tools

http://www.alltheweb.com/http://www.alltheweb.com/

Currently searching Currently searching 3,151,743,117 web pages3,151,743,117 web pages

http://www.google.ae/http://www.google.ae/

Google - Searching Google - Searching 3,307,998,701 web pages3,307,998,701 web pages

Searching Web Pages of the Searching Web Pages of the Past - “Wayback Machine”Past - “Wayback Machine”

http://www.archive.org/http://www.archive.org/

Search 11 billion pages of the Wayback Search 11 billion pages of the Wayback MachineMachine

The Internet Archive is building a digital The Internet Archive is building a digital library of Internet sites and other cultural library of Internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital form. Like a paper library, artifacts in digital form. Like a paper library, provides free access to researchers, provides free access to researchers, historians, scholars, and the general public.historians, scholars, and the general public.

Searching The “Invisible Web”Searching The “Invisible Web” Database pages and pages with a ? In the Database pages and pages with a ? In the URL are excluded from standard searches.URL are excluded from standard searches.

Search engine databases are created by robot Search engine databases are created by robot programs calledprograms called spiders spiders, computer robot programs , computer robot programs that crawl the web seeking search engine content. that crawl the web seeking search engine content. These spiders crawl or navigate the Web by These spiders crawl or navigate the Web by following the links in the web pages that are already following the links in the web pages that are already in the database of their parent search engine. If there in the database of their parent search engine. If there is no link to a page, a spider cannot "see" it. They is no link to a page, a spider cannot "see" it. They lack the ability to type or think of any string of lack the ability to type or think of any string of characters. They not only lack fingers for typing, but characters. They not only lack fingers for typing, but also lack a brain capable of judgment.also lack a brain capable of judgment.

Searching The “Invisible Web”Searching The “Invisible Web”

One can seach the Invisible Web using the One can seach the Invisible Web using the following tools:following tools:

http://lii.org/http://lii.org/

http://www.academicinfo.net/http://www.academicinfo.net/

http://www.completeplanet.com/http://www.completeplanet.com/

Slide Slide 77

Searching CollaborativelySearching Collaboratively

Using the Help of Medical Using the Help of Medical LibrarianLibrarian

Not just a last resort. Can be helpful from Not just a last resort. Can be helpful from beginning. beginning.

And not only in only in searches! An important And not only in only in searches! An important part of health care team. A part of planning for part of health care team. A part of planning for new library facilities/online resource provision.new library facilities/online resource provision.

Pubmed - Searching the Pubmed - Searching the Medical LIteratureMedical LIterature

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed/

PubMed, a service of the National Library of PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 14 million citations Medicine, includes over 14 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources.articles and other related resources.

Pubmed - Searching the Pubmed - Searching the Medical LIteratureMedical LIterature - MeSH - MeSH


MeSHMeSH is NLM's controlled vocabulary used for is NLM's controlled vocabulary used for indexing articles in PubMed. MeSH indexing articles in PubMed. MeSH terminology provides a consistent way to terminology provides a consistent way to retrieve information that may use different retrieve information that may use different terminology for the same concepts.terminology for the same concepts.

Pubmed - Searching the Pubmed - Searching the Medical LIteratureMedical LIterature - MeSH - MeSH


MeSH descriptors are arranged in both an MeSH descriptors are arranged in both an alphabetic and a hierarchical structure. At the alphabetic and a hierarchical structure. At the most general level of the hierarchical most general level of the hierarchical structure are very broad headings such as structure are very broad headings such as "Anatomy" or "Mental Disorders." At more "Anatomy" or "Mental Disorders." At more narrow levels are found more specific narrow levels are found more specific headings such as "Ankle" and "Conduct headings such as "Ankle" and "Conduct Disorder." There are 21,973 descriptors in Disorder." There are 21,973 descriptors in MeSH.MeSH.

Pubmed Pubmed - MeSH Examples - MeSH Examples from Nephrologyfrom Nephrology

Therapeutics [E02]Therapeutics [E02]

Renal Replacement Therapy [E02.870] Renal Replacement Therapy [E02.870]

Renal Dialysis [E02.870.300] +Renal Dialysis [E02.870.300] +

Hemofiltration [E02.870.350] +Hemofiltration [E02.870.350] +

Kidney Transplantation [E02.870.500]Kidney Transplantation [E02.870.500]

Pubmed Pubmed - MeSH Examples - MeSH Examples from Nephrologyfrom NephrologySurgical Procedures, Operative [E04]Surgical Procedures, Operative [E04]

Transplantation [E04.936]Transplantation [E04.936]

Organ Transplantation [E04.936.450] Organ Transplantation [E04.936.450]

Bone Transplantation [E04.936.450.050]Bone Transplantation [E04.936.450.050]

Heart Transplantation [E04.936.450.475] +Heart Transplantation [E04.936.450.475] +

Kidney Transplantation [E04.936.450.485]Kidney Transplantation [E04.936.450.485]

Liver Transplantation [E04.936.450.490]Liver Transplantation [E04.936.450.490]

Lung Transplantation [E04.936.450.495] +Lung Transplantation [E04.936.450.495] +

Pancreas TransplantationPancreas Transplantation

Pubmed Pubmed - MeSH Examples - MeSH Examples from Nephrologyfrom Nephrology

Therapeutics [E02]Therapeutics [E02]

Renal Replacement Therapy [E02.870] Renal Replacement Therapy [E02.870]

Renal Dialysis [E02.870.300]Renal Dialysis [E02.870.300]

Hemodiafiltration [E02.870.300.200]Hemodiafiltration [E02.870.300.200]

Hemodialysis, Home [E02.870.300.300]Hemodialysis, Home [E02.870.300.300]

Peritoneal Dialysis [E02.870.300.650] +Peritoneal Dialysis [E02.870.300.650] +


Kidney Transplantation [E02.870.500]Kidney Transplantation [E02.870.500]

Pubmed Pubmed - MeSH Examples- MeSH ExamplesTherapeutics [E02]Therapeutics [E02]

Sorption Detoxification [E02.912]Sorption Detoxification [E02.912]

Enterosorption [E02.912.300]Enterosorption [E02.912.300]


Hemoperfusion [E02.912.430]Hemoperfusion [E02.912.430]

Plasmapheresis [E02.912.715]Plasmapheresis [E02.912.715]

Renal Dialysis [E02.912.800]Renal Dialysis [E02.912.800]

Hemodiafiltration [E02.912.800.200]Hemodiafiltration [E02.912.800.200]

Hemodialysis, Home [E02.912.800.300]Hemodialysis, Home [E02.912.800.300]

Peritoneal Dialysis [E02.912.800.650] +Peritoneal Dialysis [E02.912.800.650] +

Clinical Practice GuidelinesClinical Practice Guidelines

KDOQIKDOQI

European Best PracticesEuropean Best Practices

Subject Examples: Target Subject Examples: Target Hemoglobin with EPO Hemoglobin with EPO

http://www.kidney.org/professionals/kdoqi/guidelines_updates/doqi_upex.htmlhttp://www.kidney.org/professionals/kdoqi/guidelines_updates/doqi_upex.html

Treatment of Anemia of Chronic Kidney DiseaseTreatment of Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease

Joseph W. Eschbach, MDJoseph W. Eschbach, MD

The target hemoglobin/hematocrit (Guideline 4) of 11 to 12 g/dL/33% to The target hemoglobin/hematocrit (Guideline 4) of 11 to 12 g/dL/33% to 36% has been reaffirmed by new data showing that patient survival is 36% has been reaffirmed by new data showing that patient survival is better when these values are >11 g/dL or >32% to 33%, respectively.better when these values are >11 g/dL or >32% to 33%, respectively.

Perhaps the most significant new recommendation is that anemia should Perhaps the most significant new recommendation is that anemia should be quantified using hemoglobin rather than hematocrit measurements. be quantified using hemoglobin rather than hematocrit measurements. The rationale for this change is detailed in Guideline 1. Hematocrit, as The rationale for this change is detailed in Guideline 1. Hematocrit, as measured by an autoanalyzer, is a product of the mean corpuscular measured by an autoanalyzer, is a product of the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and the total erythrocyte count. Storage of an volume (MCV) and the total erythrocyte count. Storage of an anticoagulated blood sample at room temperature for more than 8 hours anticoagulated blood sample at room temperature for more than 8 hours (or for >24 hours when refrigerated), results in erythrocyte swelling and, (or for >24 hours when refrigerated), results in erythrocyte swelling and, therefore, in an erroneously high hematocrit. In contrast, the hemoglobin therefore, in an erroneously high hematocrit. In contrast, the hemoglobin level remains constant under the same conditions.level remains constant under the same conditions.

Subject Examples: Target Subject Examples: Target Hemoglobin with EPO cont.Hemoglobin with EPO cont.

http://www.kidney.org/professionals/kdoqi/guidelines_updates/doqi_upex.htmlhttp://www.kidney.org/professionals/kdoqi/guidelines_updates/doqi_upex.html

Additional studies that have been reported also confirm the value Additional studies that have been reported also confirm the value of maintaining hemoglobin values >11 and hematocrit >33%. of maintaining hemoglobin values >11 and hematocrit >33%. Hospitalization rates were lower when the hematocrit was 33% to Hospitalization rates were lower when the hematocrit was 33% to 36% compared with lower values36% compared with lower values55 and various physiological and various physiological parameters: physicalperformance,parameters: physicalperformance,66 cognitive function, cognitive function,77 and brain and brain oxygen supplyoxygen supply88 were better at a normal hemoglobin level than at were better at a normal hemoglobin level than at lower levels. In striving to maintain the Hgb/Hct within this target lower levels. In striving to maintain the Hgb/Hct within this target range, the Hgb/Hct will likely, at times, rise above this range. The range, the Hgb/Hct will likely, at times, rise above this range. The reasons why some patients will temporarily exceed an Hbg/Hct of reasons why some patients will temporarily exceed an Hbg/Hct of 12g/dL/36% is that the response to Epoetin varies among patients, 12g/dL/36% is that the response to Epoetin varies among patients, the interplay between IV iron supplementation and Epoetin dosing the interplay between IV iron supplementation and Epoetin dosing may be unpredictable, and it is mathematically impossible for the may be unpredictable, and it is mathematically impossible for the bell-shaped distribution for all patients to be limited to between 11 bell-shaped distribution for all patients to be limited to between 11 and 12 g/dL of hemoglobin or 33% and 36% hematocrit.and 12 g/dL of hemoglobin or 33% and 36% hematocrit.

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