Search for double strangeness dibaryons

at J-PARC

F.Sakuma, RIKEN

1Strangeness in the Universe @ ECT*, 21-25, Oct, 2013.

Idea from Prof. P. Kienle

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P.Kienle, ECT* 2006

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• S=-2 dibaryon–double kaonic nuclear state, K-K-pp–H-dibaryon

• Experimental search at J-PARC–pbar+3He annihilation at rest

• Summary

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Outline

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Motivation: Embedding strangeness (K-) in Nucleus

• Light mesons– play an important role in a

nucleus as “glue”

• Light S=-1 mesons?– Kaonic-atom experiments (KpX@KEK,

DEAR/SIDDHARTA@DANE) clarified stronglystrongly attractive Kbar-N interaction

– What will happen when Kbar is embedded in nucleus?• Kbar-nucleus bound state?• high density?

Kaonic Nuclear Cluster (KNC)

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Kaonic nucleus is a bound state of nucleus and anti-kaon (KbarNN, KbarNNN, KbarKbarNN, ...)

Y.Akaishi & T.Yamazaki, PLB535, 70(2002).

Koike and Harada, PRC80(2019)055208

All works predict existence of the K-pp However, B.E. and are NOT converged yet.

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Recent Experimental Results

HADES@GSINPA914(2013)60

p + p ( + p) + K+ @ 3.5GeV

KK--pp searchpp search

d(+, K+) @ 1.7GeV/c

E27@J-PARC17th PAC meeting (Sep. 2013)

Ratio of proton tag / inclusive

Experimental situation is also controversial !!!

In addition to the FINUDA & DISTO results,

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J-PARC E15 Experimentsearch for the K-pp using 3He(in-flight K-,n) reaction

The latest results were given inM.SatoM.Sato’s talk

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“Double-KaonicNuclear Cluster”

What will happen to put one more kaon in the kaonic nuclear cluster?

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Double-Kaonic Nuclear Cluster (DKNC)The double-kaonic nuclear clusters were also predicted theoretically.

PL,B587,167 (2004).

The double-kaonic clusters have much stronger binding energy much higher densitythan single ones. (AMD calc.)

ppn

ppnK-

ppnK-K-

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Theoretical CalculationsM.Hassanvand, Y.Akaishi,T.Yamazaki

N.Barnea, A.Gal, E.Z.Liverts

PRC84(2011)015204, Proc.Jpn.Acad.Ser.B87(2011)362

PLB712(2012)137.

Deeply bound & CompactB=50~200MeV, ~75MeV

NOT Deeply bound & NOT CompactB~30MeV, ~80MeV

Chiral ModelHyperspherical basis

* ansatzVariational Calc.

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Theoretical Calculations (Cont’d)S.Maeda, Y.Akaishi, T.Yamazaki

arXiv:1307.3957

Deeply bound & CompactB=100~200MeV

* ansatzFaddeev Calc.

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S=-2 Dibaryon State?

K

p p

K

Kp p

K

Loosely bound KLoosely bound K--KK--pppp Deeply bound KDeeply bound K--KK--pppp

uu

d

ds

s

Excited H (H*)Excited H (H*)

u

u

d

d

s s

H-dibaryonH-dibaryon

?=

??

• the K-K-pp is loosely or deeply bound state?• the H-dibaryon exists also?

• Stable SU(3)f singlet 6-quark (uuddss) state

– proposed by R.Jaffe in 1977

• The existence is NOT confirmed experimentally

– Many experimental searches were performed– Several candidate dibaryon decays were

observed but not confirmed in the 1990s

• From the results of several double- hypernuclear events, the H is suggested to be very loosely bound (<7MeV) or unbound (~2m) state

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H-dibaryon

• Recent lattice-QCD calculations have reported evidence for the existence of the H– NPLQCD Collab. PRL106, 162001(2011).

– HAL Collab. PRL106,162002(2011).

• However, B.E. is depend on physical quark masses

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Lattice-QCD Calculations

P. E. Shanahan, A.W. Thomas, and R. D. Young, PRL107,092004(2011)., arXiv:1308.1748

loosely bound state or unbound state ~m?

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H search @ (K-,K+)

J-PARC E42

15th PAC

KEK-PS E522PRC75,022201(R) (2007).

12C(K-, K+)X @ 1.67GeV/c

Hints of the H-dibaryon as a resonance?

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H search @ B-factoryBelle PRL110,222022(2013).Inclusive (1s)(2s) decays

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H search @ HI-collisionSTAR @ RHIC

NPA914,410(2013).

Au+Au @ sqrt(sNN) = 200GeV

Experimental Approaches to Search for S=-2 dibaryons

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How to produce the S=-2 dibaryons?(K-,K+) reactionHeavy-ion collisionHeavy-meson decayp+p reactionpbarA annihilationdbarA annihilation

We perform exotic states searchWe perform exotic states search using pusing pbarbarA annihilation at J-PARCA annihilation at J-PARC

J-PARC

RHIC/LHC

BELLE

J-PARC?

J-PARC?

J-PARC/FAIR

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“S=-2 Dibaryon” SearchUsing

pbar+3He annihilation at rest

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Experimental Principle

0K K final state:

p p

We can investigate S=-2 dibaryonWe can investigate S=-2 dibaryon with inclusive with inclusive oror exclusive measurement exclusive measurement

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Past Experiments of Double-Strangeness Production in Stopped-pbar Annihilation

They did NOT observe any double-strangeness event in pbar - C, Ti, Ta, Pb annihilation (~80,000 events, p < 400 MeV/c)

Reaction Frequency (90% C.L.)

ppbarbarAA0000XX <4x10<4x10-4-4

pbarA0K-X <5x10-4

ppbarbarAAKK++KK++XX <5x10<5x10-4-4

ppbarbarAAHXHX <9x10<9x10-5-5

[Phys.Lett., B144, 27 (1984).]

several groups reported double-strangeness productionin pbar+A annihilation

hydrogen bubble-chamber experiment @ BNLhydrogen bubble-chamber experiment @ BNLH-dibaryon search

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Past Experiments of Double-Strangeness Production in Stopped-pbar Annihilation

experiment Channel # of events yield (x10-4)

DIANA@ITEPDIANA@ITEP[pbar+Xe]

PLB464, 323 (1999).

K+K+X 4 0.31+/-0.16

K+K0X 3 2.1+/-1.2

OBELIXOBELIX@CERN/LEAR@CERN/LEAR

[pbar+4He]NPA797, 109

(2007).

K+K+--ps 34+/-8 0.17+/-0.04

K+K+-+n- 36+/-6 2.71+/-0.47

K+K+-n 16+/-4 1.21+/-0.29

K+K+K-nn 4+/-2 0.28+/-0.14

Although observed statistics are small,their results have indicated a high yield of ~10-4

Expected K-K-pp Cross-Section?

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--- the K-K-pp is assumed to be produced by ** collision ---

double-strangeness production yield in pbarA: ~ 10-4

free * production yield: ~ x0.1

free ** production yield: ~ (x0.1)x(x0.1)

** production yield in pbarA: ~ 10-6

even if all ** become the K-K-pp state,K-K-pp production yield in pbarA: ~ 10-6

small production yield is expected …small production yield is expected …moreover, Q-value of ** production in pbar3He reaction is negative (Q = -55MeV)

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Experimental Strategy

I.I. investigation of investigation of “double-strangeness “double-strangeness production”production” in p in pbarbar++33He annihilation at restHe annihilation at rest

II.II. toward search for toward search for “S=-2 dibaryons” “S=-2 dibaryons” in in ppbarbar++33He annihilation at restHe annihilation at rest

present situation of the double-strangeness production in pbar+A (A>1) annihilation at rest:NO results with a dedicated spectrometer and high intensity beam except for bubble chamber experiments.high-statistics measurement is NOT performed!

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Experimental SetupWe will perform the experiment at J-PARC K1.8BR beam lineWe will perform the experiment at J-PARC K1.8BR beam line

stopped-pstopped-pbarbar beam beaminitial beam mom. of 0.7GeV/c w/ tungsten degrader (t=31mm)

~750/spill(6s) @ 50kW, Au-target

pp--

pIDpID

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Double-Strangeness Measurement

K+K+X channel X channelK+K+

detection 20% detection 6.8%

evaluated using GEANT4 toolkitMany-body decay are considered to be isotropic decay.branching ratios of K0K0

S/K0S/p are considered.

acceptance is defined by IH and CDC mid layer (R<350mm)

acceptances of Kacceptances of K++KK++ and and

e.g. acceptance of IH+CDC(R<350mm)

1

10

100

1.E-06 1.E-05 1.E-04 1.E-03st

atisti

cal s

igni

fican

ce (s

)production ratio (/stopped-pbar)

K+K+ΛΛ3σ line

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Double-Strangeness Measurement (Cont’d)

uptime of the accelerator and apparatus : 21h/24hDAQ and analysis eff. : 0.7

sensitivitysensitivity 50kW, 2weeks

DIANA/OBELIX

K+K+: ~540: ~160

1st production run (2013, May.)

pp--pIDpID

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Experimental Strategy

I.I. investigation of investigation of “double-strangeness “double-strangeness production”production” in p in pbarbar++33He annihilation at restHe annihilation at rest

II.II. toward search for toward search for “S=-2 dibaryons” “S=-2 dibaryons” in in ppbarbar++33He annihilation at restHe annihilation at rest

present situation of the double-strangeness production in pbar+A (A>1) annihilation at rest:NO results with a dedicated spectrometer and high intensity beam except for bubble chamber experiments.high-statistics measurement is NOT performed!

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Procedure of S=-2 Dibaryons Search

possible methods of the measurementpossible methods of the measurement(inclusive) invariant mass(inclusive) K0K+ missing-mass w/ -tag(exclusive) K0K+ measurement

evaluated using GEANT4 toolkitisotropic decaybranching ratios of K0K0

S/K0S/p

are considered.

acceptanceacceptance K-K-ppB.E. = 120MeV= 100MeV

100%

Hm = m+10MeV

= 10MeV100%

detection 14.5%

detection 3.6%

K+K0 0.8% K+K0 3.6%

K+K0 0.3% K+K0 0.4%

e.g. acceptance of IH+CDC(R<350mm)

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Background Assumptions• 2N abs.

– K+ K+ K- 0 ns

– K+ K+ K0bar - ns

– K+ K+ K- - ps

– K+ K+ - ns

– K+ K0 K0bar 0 ns

– K+ K0 K- + ns

– K+ K0 K- 0 ps

– K+ K0 K0bar - ps

– K+ K0 0 ns

– K+ K0 - ps

• 3N abs.– K+ K+ - / -

– K+ K0 / 0

– K+ K0 0 0 -

– K+ K0 0 / 0

– K+ K0 0 0 0 +- 0

* Not consider N

• Production ratios are assumed to be:– 2N:3N = 4:1, and total ratio

= 5*10-4 (upper lim.)

• 2N abs.: 4*10-4

• 3N abs.: 1*10-4

– exotics: parameter

• 6weeks @ 50kW, Au-target (50%)– uptime = 21h/24h– detector/trig. eff. = 0.7

Expected Spectra w/ IH+CDC(R<350mm)

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KK++KK00 M.M. M.M. I.M.I.M.

K-K-pp10-5/stopped-pbar

B.E. = 120MeV= 100MeV

= 1:1:2

H10-5/stopped-pbar

m = m+10MeV = 10Mev100%

Expected Spectra w/ full-CDC

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KK++KK00 M.M. M.M. I.M.I.M.

K-K-pp10-5/stopped-pbar

B.E. = 120MeV= 100MeV

= 1:1:2

H10-5/stopped-pbar

m = m+10MeV = 10Mev100%

1

10

100

1.E-06 1.E-05 1.E-04

stati

stica

l sig

nific

ance

(s)

production ratio (/stopped-pbar)

KKpp (CDC)H (IH)3σ line

We would reach sensitivities of less than 10We would reach sensitivities of less than 10-5-5 (3 (3ss))[Expected: K-K-pp ~ 10-6 / H < 9*10-5]

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Sensitivity

inclusive inclusive measurement measurement50kW, 6weeks

K-K-ppB.E. = 120MeV= 100MeV

= 1:1:2

Hm = m+10MeV

= 10Mev100%

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SummaryS=-1 Dibaryon Search by S=-1 Dibaryon Search by 33He(He(in-flightin-flightKK--,n)K,n)K--pp:pp:The E15 experiment started 1st-stage physics-run.

S=-2 Dibaryon Search in pS=-2 Dibaryon Search in pbarbar++33He annihilation at rest:He annihilation at rest: double-strangeness measurement will be conducted as a first

step measurement of 33He(pHe(pbarbar, , )X )X reaction would give us some

hints of the KK--KK--pp/Hpp/H productions