search and rescue operations
DESCRIPTION
USC C ERT. Search and Rescue Operations. Unit Objectives. Identify sizeup requirements Describe most common search techniques Use safe techniques for debris removal Use safe techniques for victim extrication Describe ways to protect rescuers. Search and Rescue . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Search and Rescue Operations
USC CERT
![Page 2: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Unit Objectives
• Identify sizeup requirements
• Describe most common search techniques
• Use safe techniques for debris removal
• Use safe techniques for victim extrication
• Describe ways to protect rescuers
![Page 3: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Search and Rescue
In a disaster, CERT teams assist with light search & rescueA team may be assigned to search
a particular building or area
LIGHT search & rescue = certHeavy rescue (collapsed building)
done by USAR professionals
![Page 4: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
People trapped after a disaster can survive hours or even days
The more quickly they are rescued the better their chance of survival
Search and Rescue Operations
![Page 5: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Search and Rescue Operations
1. Search Assess damage/size-up situation Locate victims. Document location.
2. Rescue Extricate victims Triage/stabilize Move victims Mark location as searched
![Page 6: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Goals Of Search And Rescue
• Rescue greatest number in shortest amount of time
• Rescue walking wounded and lightly trapped victims first
• Always protect rescuer safety
![Page 7: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Decision To Attempt Rescue
Risk involved to the rescuerMost important
person is YOU, the rescuer!
Greatest good for greatest number of people
![Page 8: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Sizeup1. Gather Facts2. Assess Damage3. Consider Probabilities4. Assess Your Situation5. Establish Priorities6. Make Decisions7. Develop Plan of Action8. Take Action9. Evaluate Progress
REMEMBER: CERT SIZEUP IS A
CONTINUAL PROCESS
![Page 9: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Gather facts
Time of event and day of the week
Construction type/terrain
OccupancyWeatherHazards
![Page 10: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Assess Damage
• Three levels of damage• Light damage• Moderate damage• Major damage
![Page 11: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
LIGHT DAMAG
EYES
MODERATE
DAMAGE
Cautiously
HEAVY DAMAG
ENO
When to Search & Rescue:
![Page 12: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
LIGHT DAMAGESuperficial damageBroken windowsFallen or cracked plasterMinor damage to interior
contentsFew small hairline cracks
![Page 13: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The CERT mission is to locate; triage; treat airway, major bleeding, and shock; continue sizeup; and document.
LIGHT DAMAGE
![Page 14: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
MODERATE DAMAGE Substantial damage in many
areasMultiple visible cracks in wallsSubstantial damage to interior
such asmany toppled furnishings, fallen ceilings
![Page 16: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The CERT mission is to locate; treat airway, major bleeding, and shock; evacuate; warn others; continue sizeup while minimizing the number of rescuers and time spent inside the structure.
MODERATE DAMAGE
![Page 17: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
MAJOR DAMAGEMajor cracks more than 1/8” in
loadbearing wallsMajor damage to loadbearing
columns or beamsLarge X-shaped cracks in the building
exteriorBuilding leaningPartial collapse
![Page 19: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
MAJOR DAMAGE
Secure the building perimeterVocal triageDO NOT enter the building
Wait for heavy rescue teams
![Page 22: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Wood Frame: light damage to masonry/chimneys
Pre-1940: House may slide off foundation
Hillside: ground failure and considerable damage
Single-Family Dwellings
![Page 23: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Bricks on edge every 5-7 rows
Expect Heavy Damage unless well reinforced
Walls collapse first, then the roof
Pre-1933 Unreinforced Brick/Masonry:
![Page 24: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Expect Heavy Damage Lightweight roof construction makes them
subject to collapse
Tilt-Up Structures:
![Page 26: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Usually Light or Moderate Damage
Structures are reinforced
Main damage will be broken glass content
movement exterior
trim/facades
Steel Frame High-Rise Buildings:
![Page 27: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Search Operations
Make rescuer safety your primary concern.
Use a buddy system.Be alert for hazards.Use safety equipment.Rotate teams.Rehab rescuers
![Page 28: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• Identify VOIDS where victims may be
• Interview survivors• Estimate victim locations
Locating Victims
![Page 29: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Conducting Search Operations
![Page 30: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Pancake Voids
![Page 31: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Conducting Search Operations
![Page 32: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Lean-To Voids
![Page 33: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
“V” Voids
![Page 34: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
“V” Voids
![Page 35: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Individual Voids
![Page 36: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Search Systematically
Call out to victims1
2
3
4
5
6
Use systematic search patternStop frequently to listenTriangulate
Mark searched areas/documentReport results
![Page 37: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Call Out to Victims1
“Anyone that can hear me, come to the sound of my voice!”
![Page 38: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Use Systematic Search Pattern
2
• Bottom Up/Top Down (multi-story buildings)
• Right Wall/Left Wall
![Page 39: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Listen Carefully3
• Stop periodically to listen for taps, movement or voices
![Page 40: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Triangulate4
• Use flashlights to point towards victim sounds
![Page 41: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Use the Buddy System5
• One person stays outside• Minimum of two enters building
![Page 42: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Search Markings
• Upon entering search area:• Make a slash• Enter info
Upon leaving search area: Complete
‘X’ Enter info
CERTI.D.
Date Time In
Time Out
Areas Searched
Victims
6
![Page 43: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
5-43
CERT-23FL 1-2 searched
Stairs to FL-3 unsafe
2/15/08In: 1430
Out: 1515
2LMoved to
CERT-23 medops
Example:
Search Markings6
![Page 44: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Structural Markings
7
Boxing the “X” in means don’t
re-enter.Gold Team
TIME IN: 1430 hrs
GAS OFF
MISC
TIME OUT: 1520 hrs
![Page 45: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Document Results7
Keep complete records both of removed victims and of victims who remain trapped or dead.
If you don’t document it It didn’t get
done!
![Page 46: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
REMEMBER: CERT SIZEUP IS A CONTINUAL
PROCESS
![Page 47: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Rescue OperationsPrimary Functions:
Creating a safe rescue environmentLift objects out of the wayUse tools to remove objectsRemove debris
Triaging or stabilizing victimsRemoving victims
![Page 48: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Creating A Safe Environment• Maintain rescuer safety
• Triage in lightly damaged buildings
• Stabilize and evacuate victims quickly from moderately damaged buildings
Note: Never attempt a rescue from a stuck elevator
![Page 49: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Removing Victims
Types of victim removal include ...• Self-removal or assist
• Lifts and drags
Allow victims to extricatethemselves when possible.
![Page 50: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Extrication MethodDepends upon ...
• General stability of immediate environment
• Number of rescuers available
• Strength and ability of rescuers
• Condition of victim
![Page 51: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Lifting/Cribbing
“Lifting” using a lever to lift an object.
“Cribbing” using boards, blocks etc. to stabilize something we have lifted
“Box Cribbing” arranging boards in a box configuration to stabilize heavy objects
![Page 52: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Medical Care or VictimRemoval Person
Crib Person
Lever Person
Group Leader
Crib Person
WallCollapse
Lifting/Cribbing
![Page 54: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Lifting/Cribbing
![Page 55: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Moving Victims
Avoid strength movesThink rescuer and victim safetyVisualize and verbalize
![Page 56: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Patient Carries
Assist a lightly injured person to walk
REMEMBER: Let the walking
wounded walk!
![Page 57: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Patient Carries
Use a blanket to drag a victim
![Page 58: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Use the Chair Carry to move patients through tight areas
Patient Carries
![Page 59: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Two Person Carry
This helps the rescuers maintain good control over the patient
![Page 60: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Using the Evacu-Trac ChairThe Evacu-Trac brake is normally on. To descend the stairs, release the brake by slowly squeezing the brake lever. Descent speed can be slowed by reducing pressure on this lever. A governor limits the maximum descent speed to about 3' per second, allowing even a small attendant to safely transport heavier riders.
![Page 61: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Using the Evacu-Trac Chair
On stairs, the tracks securely grip the stair noses and control the descent speed regardless of the stair covering. On flat surfaces, Evacu-Trac can be pushed on its wheels as easily as a stroller. This features allows the user to be transported to an area clear of the emergency rather than to an area of refuge.
![Page 62: Search and Rescue Operations](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022012911/56815d29550346895dcb211e/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
End