http://espo.nasa.gov/missions/seac4rs/

SEAC4RSGround and Ship MeasurementsFebruary 2012

NCAR

Surface NetworkBottom Line Up Front

• Because of metrological complexity & political sensitivities in SE Asia, data from a ground network is required to meet SEAC4RS science and verification goals.

• Backbone is the AERONET, AERONET-MAN, MPLNET, SHADOZ and NRL supersites and R/V.

• All SEAC4RS ground components have field history with 7SEAS and SHADOZ in the region with established partners.

• There are few total “unknowns” but we expect the deployment to be fairly “fluid” in nature.

• Over flight would be appreciated, but not expected. But, science success will require combining surface and airborne data (discussions tomorrow).

• There is still room to accommodate needs of the science team, including the deployment of additional instrumentation or personnel-particularly at supersites and at sea.

Ground Network Components Start with these POCs

• AERONET/MAN: Brent Holben (brent.n.holben@nasa.gov)– 20 Long term+7 Temporary– 5 ferry lines to be manned with microtops for MAN

• MPLNET: Judd Welton (ellsworth.j.welton@nasa.gov)– 4 Long term MPLs +5 Temporary Leosphere ALS sites.

• SHADOZ Ozonesondes(daily): Anne Thompson (anne@atmos.psu.edu)– 3 Long term+ 4/6 temporary*

• Cryogenic Frostpoint Hygrometer Sondes: Rennie Selkirk (henry.selkirk@nasa.gov)

– Utapao (20 releases w/SHADOZ)

• Nepal sites: Arnico Panday, Arnico (akp5x@eservices.virginia.edu)– BC, CO, ozone, sometimes AERONET and SHADOZ

• VASCO Jeffrey Reid and Haf Jonsson (hjonsson@nps.navy.mil).• Singapore Super Site: Jeffrey Reid (jeffrey.reid@nrlmry.navy.mil)

& James Campbell (james.campbell@nrlmry.navy.mil)

• Source sampling: Yokelson (Bob.Yokelson@mso.umt.edu)

Other likely data collections:

– NOAA performing coincident Ozone sondes in China

– Serm Janjai (Silpakorn): SE Asian Radiation Network

– Puji Lesteri (IIT-Bandung) & Mastura Mahamud (UKM)-Filter Chemistry

– Lidars: BMKG at Java, NEIS at Phamei, and Nichol’s at Hong Kong

– Anh Nyugen has alighting network in Vietnam

– GAW sites on Malay Peninsula, Sabah, and Sumatra

– Extensive Malaysian raobs.

– Yokelson is making contact with other regional chemists.

Hanoi

Hong Kong

EPA-NCU

Bac Lieu

Penang

SingaporeSupersite

Kuching

Jambi

Jakarta

AERONET

Pre-ex MPLNET Lidar

AERONET IntensiveRadiation Enhanced Site

Other meas. (GAW, SKYNET)

SHADOZ: Daily ozonesonde for45 daysMANVASCO Raobs

Intensive ALS Lidar 2 moNon-NASA Lidars

Kampur

Nepal Llhasa

SEAC4RSGround Network AERONET+

MPLNet HQ

VASCO

Gas platformOver-flight opportunity

Spratly Islandover flight

opportunityCFH

Sondes

Panday sites

COAMPS/FLAMBE surface smoke concentration-August 2007

AERONET

MPLnet Intensive lidar

Perm. Lidar

SEAC4RSSE Asia Ground Network

+

AERONET Intensive.Radiation Enhanced

Other aerosol measurementsSHADOZ

MANVASCORaobs

Non-NASA Lidars

CFHSondes

Strait of Malacca/Malay Pen.Good target for joint

ground/airborne work

VASCO Cruise with Manila Observatory

Sept. 1-28, 2008 to catch Borneo outflowOn board lead: Haf Jonsson CIRPAS

Meteorology: Raobs, mean met, fluxesChemistry: Filters, DRUM Samper, CO2, Blake

cansCloud: Radar (95 Ghz, Doppler, zenith),

CeilometerLidar: Leosphere ALSParticles: PCASP, SMPS, CN, CCN, APS, FSSPOptics: 3-l Neph & PSAP.Ocean: Water samples, CDOM, phys-oOther: cameras, dust traks etc….Room for more gear…..

Smoke

University of Virginia Team’s SEAC4RS Plans(Panday, de Wekker, Dhungel)in collaboration with Nepal Wireless & ICIMOD

Jomsom(2900m)

Aeronet, BC, CO, ozone, meteorology

South Pokhara(800m)

Aeronet, lidar, ozonesondes,

ozone, met

Pokhara Peak(Dhampus, 1800m)BC, CO, ozone, met

TIBET

NEPAL

GANGES PLAINS

ANNAPURNA

Also from PokharaBUT NOT funded by NASA: vertical profiles of BC, CO, O3, met, etc w/ light aircraft

Singapore Supersite

• Lidar: MPL Lidar, maybe Wisc HSRL• Radiation: AERONET, Solar, IR, direct/diffuse solar• Aerosol: SMPS, 3l neph & PSAP, TEOM• Filters: Elemental (DRUM), ICPMS, Organics,

OC/BC gravimetry• Gas: O3, SO2, CO, NOx

• Other: All sky camera, time-lapse video, local weather

Roof and lab site on National University of Singapore campus. Easy to add equipment.

Other site enhancements and measurements in the region

Solar flux radiometers will be added to several AERONET sites from GSFC and NRL.2 others will have “direct diffuse” solar radiometers.

Enhancements

4 sites in Thailand have extensive radiation measurements as part of the Silpakorn University network.There are three global GAW sites in our domain, plus 9 “regional.” They have widely varying data collection protocols and efficiencies. Japanese SKYNET and a NEIS lidar in Phimai are also in the region, as is a lidar in Hong Kong.We may be able to get other filter measurements in the region.

Other measurements (Need to negotiate data access)

Source Sampling (Montana group): Mobile FTIR which may be deployed for source sampling in Thailand.

Gases: HCN, CO, CH4, CO2, NH3, NOx, HCl, NMHC, OVOCPM2.5: EC/OC, metals (filters can be added)

Yokelson Group Battery Powered Mobile FTIR

Gases: HCN, CO, CH4, CO2, NH3, NOx, HCl, NMHC, OVOCPM2.5: EC/OC, metals (filters can be added)

Data Access

• AERONET & MPLNET data will be distributed through their websites. Expect 3-9 hours for posting.

• For sondes, should have data emailed shortly after data collection.

• For some sites and the ship, we may set up “spotters” to report in on sky conditions.

• If using data from local scientists, please be generous with your time, and co-authorships

Summary• We have the most extensive ground network (largely in place)

in the history of SE Asia. Surface obs are critical to SEAC4RS science goals.

• Flight and weather restrictions imply the ground network will have few over-flights. But, we should plan for them and account for their location. Gas platform and Spratly Islands have AERONET, and Strait of Malacca is a focus area.

• Surface and aircraft data will nevertheless need to get linked.• SHADOZ will add three sites to five total. Two unrelated

Chinese sites will be releasing at the same time.• Singapore is a comprehensive & easy to work with supersite

and a September cruise is planned in the Philippines. Both can take on more instruments.

• Other measurements may be made by Yokelson’s and Panday group.

• There are lots of other measurements being made in the region, but access is not always straightforward.

Ground Network Information Slides

Airspace• Previous studies often

focused on VPs over ground sites.

• But both the political situation and clouds dictate that such profiles will be rare.

• Even the range circles are a “best estimate.

• Ground network is being developed to provide scale and “perspective” on intensive airborne measurements.

• But, we may get lucky….

Maritime Aerosol Network as a Component of AERONET

• MAN represents an important strategic sampling initiative and ship-borne data acquisition complements island-based

AERONET measurements

Smirnov, A., B.N.Holben, D.M.Giles, et al., Maritime Aerosol Network as a component of AERONET – first results and comparison with global aerosol models and satellite retrievals, Atm.Meas.Tech., 4, 583–597, doi:10.5194/amt-4-583-2011, 2011.

In the last several years data acquisition was extended to

the areas that previously had very little or no coverage at all

MAN coverage-Oct 06 to Jan 2012

Name Location, Partner Network Status LidarEPA-NCU Taiwan, NCU Permanent MPL

Hanoi Vietnam, VAST Permanent MPL

Kanpur India, ITT Permanent MPL

Singapore Singapore, NUS Permanent MPL

Bac Lieu Vietnam, VAST Temporary ALS

Penang Malaysia, USM Temporary ALS

Kuching Malaysia, NUS/??? Temporary ✗ ALS

Jambi Indonesia, BMKG Temporary ✗ ALS

Jakarta Indonesia, BMKG Temporary ✗ ALS

Nepal Nepal, U Virginia Temporary ALS

RV Ship, NRL/??? Temporary ALS

Hong Kong Hong Kong, PolyU Pending * ALS

✗ International agreement not final

* Hong Kong group operates their own ALS lidar. They are not part of MPLNET due to current ban on bi-lateral NASA-China interactions.

MPLNET has exclusively used MPL instruments in past. Newer lidars from Leosphere (ALS model) are now accepted in MPLNET.• MPL: 527 or 532 nm, elastic backscatter lidar. Fully autonomous, 24/7 data. • ALS: 355 nm elastic backscatter lidar with depolarization capability. Autonomous, and 24/7 data where possible.• Standard network Level 1 data: 0000-2400 UTC, 0-30 km, 1 minute temporal and 75 m vertical resolutions.• MPL does good job of detecting thin cirrus in this region, we are still evaluating ALS performance but looks promising• NRT Data: available on website, 1 hour for some sites (still evaluating), next day for others

MPLNET Overviewhttp://mplnet.gsfc.nasa.gov

All sites co-locatedwith AERONET

AERONET/MPLNETScience Objectives

• Assess enhancement of AOD near to convective clouds (associated with possible SO2 sources)

• Assess TTL Cirrus• Validation of SDA retrievals from AERONET thru Ci• Assess vertical aerosol speciation and aerosol properties

from AERONET and MPLNET• Assess regional transport from aerosol source regions• Mega City aerosol characterization, city vs background and

regional transport• Provide regional aerosol context to the SEAC4RS

measurements

SHADOZ:Where & Who?

1

3

Name Contacts Link Status1 Pokhara,

NepalUVA PSU,

NOAADetails TBD ¥

2 Hanoi VN VN Hydromet

JAMSTEC,NOAA

SHADOZ augment

3 Utapao, Thailand

PSU, GSFC

@ NASAAircraft site

CFH; DetailsTBD

4 Southern VN

PSU, GSFC

Aeronet, NOAA

Details TBD

5 Kuala Lumpur

Mal Met Dept

U Tokyo, NIAES

SHADOZ augment

6 Watukosek LAPAN Hokkaido U SHADOZ augment

Enter Euphemism

Here

2

4

5

6Currently in Network

45 sondes per station,~Daily release

CFH water vapor sounding for SEAC4RSRennie Selkirk and Richard Damoah, GESTAR/GSFC - Anne M. Thompson, PSU

Program: Every other day the SHADOZ payload at Utapao will include the Cryogenic Frostpoint Hygrometer (CFH) for a total of 20 launches

Science issues addressed: Deep convection, STE and the tape recorder “write-head”; influx of mid-lat air; effects of biomass burning and urban pollutants on TTL super-saturation frequency

Results: CFH relative humidity measurements in the TTL clearly demark the tape recorder write head locally and combined with ozone can diagnose the depth of strat-trop exchange.

SEACIONS (Sondes) Science

• Questions: (1) How do ozone profiles vary day-by-day at prototype locations (Pokhara [Nepal], KL, Hanoi, Utapao, Bac Lieu, etc)?

• (2) What is ozone, temperature and water vapor (CFH) structure in the TTL?• (3) At SHADOZ sites, KL (1998-) and Hanoi (2006-), how does ozone in Aug-

Sept 2012 compare to climatology?

• Significance:Much of tropospheric ozone is of pollution or stratospheric origin, especially near

Asian monsoon anticyclone; LRT (long-range transport) also a sourceTemperature and ozone in TTL indicated several types of wave activity in TC4 (Selkirk

et al., 2010; Thompson et al., 2010). Convection may be more intense and widespread in SEAC4RS

• Most Relevant Aircraft Sampling. (1) North Bay of Bengal/Nepal (spiral near sonde?); (2) Cumulus outflow when near sounding (tracer redistribution, wave initiation); (3) TTL; (4) Tropospheric Chemistry

TC4 Ozone, 7/07, Coastal SW Panama (Left). DISCOVER-AQ Ozone, 7/11, Edgewood, MD (Right)

Cf Hanoi Annual Ozone Climatology

Hanoi Ozone

VASCO w/ Manila Observatory

Brick Kilns

Trash Burning

Crop Residue Fires

Cooking Fires

Major Sources That Are Virtually Unstudied in Asia

Room for more.

• Generally we can get into key sites.• If other team members want to provide more

instruments, we can help get them in and maintained.

• There is also an opportunity for students for site staffing.

• We are light on gas measurements. More Blake cans?