Sea Pollution of the Gulf of ElefsinaSea Pollution of the Gulf of Elefsina(Thriassio Pedio area, Attiki, Greece)(Thriassio Pedio area, Attiki, Greece)

Research Team:Research Team:

Rammou AnnaRammou Anna

Kalafati AlexianaKalafati Alexiana

Basileiadou LenaBasileiadou Lena

AIMSAIMS1.1. WATER QUALITY IN INDUSTRIAL AND WATER QUALITY IN INDUSTRIAL AND

URBAN AREAS AROUND ATHENSURBAN AREAS AROUND ATHENS

2. S2. SOURCES OF POLLUTION, THE OURCES OF POLLUTION, THE CONSEQUENCES OF POLLUTANTS ON CONSEQUENCES OF POLLUTANTS ON MARINE LIFE AND HUMANSMARINE LIFE AND HUMANS

3. SUGGESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS3. SUGGESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS

4. COMPARISON OF RESULTS WITH THE 4. COMPARISON OF RESULTS WITH THE FOREIGN STUDENTSFOREIGN STUDENTS

HYPOTHESISHYPOTHESIS

POLLUTION FROMPOLLUTION FROM::

A.A. INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTSINDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS

B.B. URBAN WASTEWATERURBAN WASTEWATER

C.C. AGRICULTURAL RUN-OFFAGRICULTURAL RUN-OFF

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

Two areas of the region were sampled, at Aspropyrgos (a heavily polluted area) and at Loutropyrgos (less polluted area). The water samples were analysed for suspended solids, nitrates (NO2

-) and chlorophyll by the University Lab.

SAMPLING AREASAMPLING AREA

Sampling Area

Sampling Point

Sampling Point

SAMPLING POINTSSAMPLING POINTS

Suspended solids (SS)Suspended solids (SS) The samples size was two (2) litres of

water from Aspropyrgo and Loutropyrgo.

• Dry filter papers in oven at 103 °C – 105 °C and then weight to the nearest milligram and record the mass (Mfilter).

• Filtrate the sample• Dry the filtrated filter papers in oven• Weight to the nearest milligram and record

the mass (Mdried_filter).Mfilter + Mss = Mdried_filter and Mss = Mdried_filter – Mfilter

Suspended solidsSuspended solids

RESULTS

Sample Suspended solids mg/l

Aspropyrgos 9.5

Loutropyrgos 9.0

NitratesNitrates

• Spectrophotometric method.• Addition to the samples of various solutions

to form colour.• Prepare three standard solutions of NO2

- of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 μg/l

• Measure of absorbtion by a spectrophotometer of the standard solutions and the samples.

HowHow absorbtionabsorbtion(Α)(Α) is connected is connected with concetrationwith concetration ( (cc)?)?

• HYPOTHETICAL FACT: Α=axc+b

• (a, b=ct)

Concentration NO2(μg/l) Absorbtion

0.1 0.0922

0.2 0.1572

0.3 0.2863

That’s the linear relationship we are looking for: y=0,4726x+0,0525

Consequently:Α=0.4726c+0.0525 (1)

Sample Absorbtion Average

Aspropyrgos 1st calculation:0.0546

2nd calculation:0.0526

0.0536

Loutropyrgos 1st calculation:0.0571

2nd calculation:0.0541

0.0556

NitratesNitrates

We solve the relationship (1):c=A-0.0525/0.4726

RESULTS

Sample Nitrates, mg/l

Aspropyrgos 0.0023

Loutropyrgos 0.0065

ChlorophyllChlorophyll

• Filtrate two (2) litres of water sample from each area.

• Homogenisation• Add 11-12 ml of acetone• Centrifuge at 3000 rounds/ min for

ten (10) minutes.• 2 wavelengths (665 nm and 750 nm) • cell’s light path: 5 cm • HCL: 8drops

RESULTSRESULTSSample Chlorophyll, μg/l

Aspropyrgos 0.8437

Loutropyrgos 0.4272

CAUSES OF POLLUTION - CAUSES OF POLLUTION - LITERATURE REVIEWLITERATURE REVIEW

1.1. INDUSTRYINDUSTRY::1.1. STEEL INDUSTRIESSTEEL INDUSTRIES

(HALIVOURGIKI(HALIVOURGIKI))2.2. OIL REFINERIESOIL REFINERIES3.3. SHIP YARDSSHIP YARDS

2.2. Aghios Georgios Aghios Georgios creek (Tannerycreek (Tannery))3.3. Landfill of Ano Landfill of Ano LiosiaLiosia4.4. Sewage SludgeSewage Sludge ((Psittalia)Psittalia)

IMPLICATIONSIMPLICATIONS

1.1. IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN HEALTHIMPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN HEALTHA.A. SKIN DISEASESSKIN DISEASESB.B. CANCERCANCERC.C. MENTAL RETARDNESSMENTAL RETARDNESS

2.2. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTIMPLICATIONS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTA.A. REDUCTION OF PLANGTONREDUCTION OF PLANGTONB.B. REDUCTION OF DISSOLVED OXYGENREDUCTION OF DISSOLVED OXYGENC.C. EYTROPHICATIONEYTROPHICATION

3.3. IMPLICATIONS FOR MARINE ORGANISMSIMPLICATIONS FOR MARINE ORGANISMSA.A. DESTRUCTION OF ALGAEDESTRUCTION OF ALGAEB.B. LACK OF FOOD FOR MARINE ORGANISMSLACK OF FOOD FOR MARINE ORGANISMS

SUGGESTIONS - SOLUTIONSSUGGESTIONS - SOLUTIONS

A.A. PSITTALIA (SEWAGE PSITTALIA (SEWAGE SLUDGE)SLUDGE)

B.B. LANDFILL (LEACHATE)LANDFILL (LEACHATE)

C.C. LEGISLATIONLEGISLATION

D.D. INVESTMENT IN INVESTMENT IN POLLUTION POLLUTION ABATEMENT ABATEMENT TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

E.E. PEOPLE AWARENESSPEOPLE AWARENESS

THANK YOU FOR YOUR THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONATTENTION