scit 1408 applied human anatomy and physiology ii - heart chapter 18 a
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8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Heart Chapter 18 A
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 18.4b(b)
Brachiocephalic
trunk
Superior
vena cava
Rightpulmonary artery
Ascening
aorta
!ulmonary trunk
Right
pulmonary veins
Right atrium
Right coronaryartery (in coronarysulcus)
Anterior
cariac veinRight ventricle
"arginal artery
Small cariac vein
#n$erior
vena cava
%e$t commoncaroti artery%e$tsubclavian arteryAortic arch
%igamentumarteriosum
%e$t pulmonary artery
%e$t atrium
Auricle
&ircum$le'artery
%e$t coronaryartery (in coronarysulcus)
Anterior interventricular artery(in anterior interventricular sulcus)
reat cariac vein
Ape'
%e$t pulmonary veins
%e$t ventricle
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 18.1a
!oint o$
ma'imal
intensity(!"#)
iaphragm
(a)
Sternum
*n rib
"isternal line
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 18.1c
(c)
Superior
vena cava
%e$t lung
Aorta
!arietalpleura (cut)
!ericarium(cut)
!ulmonary
trunk
iaphragm
Ape' o$
heart
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!ericarial %ayers o$ the +eart
Figure 18.*
Pericarditis- inflammation; pain;
Cardiac tamponade- life threatening
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+eart ,all
Epicardium – visceral layer serous pericardium
Myocardium – cardiac muscle
Fibrous skeleton of the heart – crisscrossing,interlacing layer of connective tissue
nchors cardiac muscle fibers
!upports great vessels and valves
"imits spread of action potentials to specific paths
Endocardium – endothelial inner layer of heart
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&ariac "uscle Bunles
Figure 18.-
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8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Heart Chapter 18 A
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(b)
Brachiocephalic
trunk
Superior
vena cava
Rightpulmonary artery
Ascening
aorta
!ulmonary trunk
Right
pulmonary veins
Right atrium
Right coronaryartery (in coronarysulcus)
Anterior
cariac veinRight ventricle
"arginal artery
Small cariac vein
#n$erior
vena cava
%e$t commoncaroti artery%e$tsubclavian arteryAortic arch
%igamentumarteriosum
%e$t pulmonary artery
%e$t atrium
Auricle
&ircum$le'artery
%e$t coronaryartery (in coronarysulcus)
Anterior interventricular artery(in anterior interventricular sulcus)
reat cariac vein
Ape'
%e$t pulmonary veins
%e$t ventricle
#$E%&'% (&E)
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8/18/2019 SCIT 1408 Applied Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Heart Chapter 18 A
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Right an %e$t /entricles
Figure 18.
Thicker- more
pressure
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Atria2 he Receiving &hambers
)alls are ridged by pectinate muscles
(essels entering right atrium
!uperior vena cava
&nferior vena cava
Coronary sinus
(essels entering left atrium
%ight and left pulmonary veins
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/entricles2 he ischarging &hambers
)alls are ridged by trabeculae carneae
Papillary muscles pro*ect into the ventricular
cavities
(essel leaving the right ventricle Pulmonary trunk
(essel leaving the left ventricle
orta
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"ovie ime2 +eart
rotatable_heart.mov
!%A3!%A3
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!athay o$ Bloo hrough the +eart an
%ungs
%ight atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle
%ight ventricle pulmonary semilunar valve
pulmonary arteries lungs
"ungs pulmonary veins left atrium
"eft atrium bicuspid valve left ventricle
"eft ventricle aortic semilunar valve aorta
orta systemic circulation
rotatable_heart_sectioned.mov!%A3!%A3
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 18.5
6'ygen7rich
&6*7poor bloo
6'ygen7poor
&6*
7rich bloo
&apillary bes
o$ lungs here
gas e'change
occurs
&apillary bes o$ all
boy tissues here
gas e'change occurs
!ulmonary veins!ulmonary arteries
PulmonaryCircuit
Systemic
Circuit
Aorta an branches
%e$t atrium
+eart
%e$t ventricleRight atrium
Right ventricle
/enae cavae
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 18.
Right
ventricle
%e$t
ventricle
#nterventricular
septum
!hort
pulmonary
circulation
!ystemic
circulation
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&oronary &irculation
Coronary circulation is the functional blood supply
to the heart muscle itself
Collateral routes ensure blood delivery to heart
even if ma*or vessels are occluded
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&oronary &irculation2 Arterial Supply
Figure 18.9a
ngina pectorisngina pectoris
ngina pectoris
M&
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&oronary &irculation2 /enous Supply
Figure 18.9b
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+omeostatic #mbalances
Angina pectoris
$horacic pain caused by a fleeting deficiency in
blood delivery to the myocardium
Cells are +eakened
Myocardial infarction (heart attack); MI
Prolonged coronary blockage
reas of cell death are repaired +ith noncontractile
scar tissue
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+eart /alves
Ensure unidirectional blood flo+ through the heart
trioventricular ( valves
Prevent backflo+ into the atria +hen ventricles
contract
$ricuspid valve right
Mitral valve left
Chordae tendineae anchor ( valve cusps to papillarymuscles
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+eart /alves
!emilunar !" valves
Prevent backflo+ into the ventricles +hen
ventricles rela.
ortic semilunar valve
Pulmonary semilunar valve
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+eart /alves
Figure 18.8a b
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+eart /alves
Figure 18.8c
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 18.:
1 Bloo returning to theheart $ills atria puttingpressure againstatrioventricular valves;atrioventricular valves are$orce open.
1 /entricles contract $orcingbloo against atrioventricular valve cusps.
2 As ventricles $illatrioventricular valve $lapshang limply into ventricles.
2 Atrioventricular valvesclose.
3 Atria contract $orcingaitional bloo into ventricles.
3 !apillary musclescontract an choraetenineae tightenpreventing valve $laps$rom everting into atria.
(a) AV valves open; atrial pressure greater than ventricular pressure
(b) AV valves closed; atrial pressure less than ventricular pressure
irection o$ bloo $lo
Atrium
/entricle
&usp o$ atrioventricular valve (open)
&horaetenineae
!apillarymuscle
Atrium
Bloo inventricle
&usps o$ atrioventricular valve (close)
AV Valve unction
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 18.1<
As ventriclescontract anintraventricular pressure risesbloo is pushe upagainst semilunar valves $orcing themopen.
As ventricles rela'an intraventricular pressure $alls bloo
$los back $romarteries $illing thecusps o$ semilunar valves an $orcingthem to close.
(a) Semilunar valves open
(b) Semilunar valves closed
Aorta
!ulmonarytrunk
!emilunar Valve unction
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 18.11a
=ucleus
esmosomesap >unctions
#ntercalate iscs &ariac muscle cell
(a)
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C i ht © 2006 P Ed ti I bli hi B j i C i
=ucleus
=ucleus
# banA ban
&ariac
muscle cell
Sarcolemma
? isc
"itochonrion
"itochonrion
tubule
Sarcoplasmic
reticulum
# ban
#ntercalate
isc
(b)