scientific revolution sparked idea that intellectual reason and thinking could solve any social and...
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Scientific Revolution sparked idea that intellectual reason and thinking could solve ANY social and political problem!
What is Enlightenment?
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Rules discoverable by reason
This could help explain aspects of mankind
Natural Law
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Believed in a POWERFUL GOVERNMENT (absolute monarchy “ABSOLUTISM”)
Thought people were naturally greedy and cruel and needed to be forcefully controlled by laws
Without laws, or “state of nature” people would be mean, poor and nasty
SOCIAL CONTRACT: people must give up natural freedoms for an organized society
Thomas Hobbes
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Believed in NATURAL RIGHTS
Rights belong to all humans from birth…LIFE, LIBERTY AND PROPERTY
Best type of government was one that all accepted and had limited power TO PROTECT NATURAL RIGHTS
Rejected idea of ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
If government does not preform people should have option to GET A NEW ONE.
John Locke
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SEPARATION OF POWERS will protect personal liberties
3 Branches of government that would “check and balance” one another
Montesquieu
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Fought for Freedom of Thought!
Voltaire
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Believed in the Social Contract
People were basically good in natural state
People only become corrupt by evils of society
Let people choose and not be tightly controlled by laws
Rousseau
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Economist
Laissez faire “hands off” approach to controlling goods…FREE MARKET
NO GOVERNMENT RESTRICTIONS OR REGULATIONS on business activity
Let things unfold naturally…supply and demand
Adam Smith
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Karl Marx• Father of Communism
• World divided into “Haves” (Owners) and “Have-Notes” (Workers)
• Believed that both groups would be pitted against each other and the “have-nots” would take over.
• Favored Communism= no more social classes/community owned
• Wrote Communist Manifesto• About how workers need to unite!