scientific revolution - enlightenment world history ii sol review
TRANSCRIPT
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SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION - ENLIGHTENMENT
World History IISOL Review
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Scientific Revolution
Emphasis on reason and systematic observation of nature
Formulation of the scientific method
Expansion of scientific knowledge
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Scientists
Copernicus – heliocentric theoryKepler – planetary motion (planets revolve
around the sun in elliptical orbits)Galileo – used telescope to support the
heliocentric theoryHarvey – circulation of blood
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Heliocentric Theory
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Absolutism
Definition – a monarch who has complete control over the country and people (centralization of power) + divine right (power to rule comes from God)
Peter the Great – westernization of RussiaLouis XIV – Palace of Versailles (symbol of
royal power)/Sun KingFrederick the Great – military power
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Absolutism
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Enlightenment
Definition – applied reason to the human world, not just the natural world
Results – stimulated religious tolerance + fueled democratic revolutions around the world (American Revolution, French Revolution, and Latin American Revolutions)
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Thomas Hobbes
Wrote LeviathanState of nature – people are evilSocial Contract – people give up nature and
form governments to control them (absolute monarchs)
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John Locke
Wrote Two Treatises on GovernmentPower to rule comes from the peopleMonarchs are not chosen by GodSocial Contract – people form governments to
protect their rights (life, liberty, and property)
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Montesquieu
Wrote The Spirit of the LawsSeparation of powers Checks and balances
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Rousseau
Wrote The Social ContractGovernment is a contract between people
and rulers General Will – majority rules
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Voltaire
Separation of church and stateFreedom of speech