science ppt
TRANSCRIPT
Made by: Shehraz Nayyar Nitanshi Jain Sahil Sahu Vineet Class- 9th ‘E’
classificationEarly Attempts at ClassificationOrganisms need to be grouped into
meaningful categoriesOver time categorization has become
much more specific and simplifiedNaming organismsJohn Ray - first to use the term
“species”SPECIES - Organisms that are similar
in shape/structure and they reproduce with each other to create viable offspring
evolutionevolutionEvolutionEvolution, or change , or change
over time, is the over time, is the process by which process by which modern organisms modern organisms have descended from have descended from ancient organisms.ancient organisms.
Charles Darwin first Charles Darwin first described this idea described this idea of evolution in 1859 of evolution in 1859 in his book origin in his book origin of species .of species .
Seven classification groups of living thingsKingdomPhylumClassOrder
FamilyGenusSpecies
MoneraThey don’t well defined body.Unicellular structureMode of nutrition
–heterotropes/autotropes
PROTISTA
Protist kingdomUnicellular; microscopicNucleus present
EukaryoticAutotrophic or heterotrophic
Fungus kingdom
EukaryoticMade up of hyphaeNo root, stem and leafNo chlorophyll
Saprophytic or parasitic
Reproduce by forming spores
Plant KingdomEukaryoticMost plants contains photosynthetic
pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesisAutotrophic
Can be divided into two groups:Non-flowering plantsFlowering plants
ThallophytaAquaticMay be unicellular or
multicellularNo root, stem or leafContain
photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis
BryophytaAmphibians of plant kingdom .Have stems & leaves of the structure.No tissues for water . E.g –finaria, marcantia
PTERIPHYTES
Well defined body.Specialised tissues present .Presence of naked embryos called as
spores.These have 2 types of plants –AngiospermsGymnosperms
Reproduction by producing seedsSeeds develop in
cones, not enclosed by fruits
naked seedsNeedle-shaped
leaves to reduce water loss
AngiospermsThese are called
flowering plants.These have two
types of plants -MonocotyledonsDicotyledonsWith flowers for
reproductionSeeds are
produced inside the fruit (matured ovary)
The Animal The Animal KingdomKingdom
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:Most complex of all kingdoms
Multicellular (made of many cells)
They obtain food from OUTSIDE SOURCES
They move from place to place to get food
They swallow their food and they digest food inside the body.
9 Phyla of the Animal kingdom9 Phyla of the Animal kingdomPorifera 6) Mollusca
Coelenterata 7) Echinoderm
Flatworms 8) Arthropoda
Roundworms 9) Chordata
Segmented worms
The Animal Kingdom The Animal Kingdom
Porifera:
Means “having pores”
Ex: sponges
The Animal The Animal KingdomKingdomCoelentrata:
Sac-like body
Have tentacles
Ex: hydras, jelly fish, coral, sea anemones
Plathy-helminthes
Bilateral symmetry of bodyTissue organisationsTriploblastic Lack of body cavityTypes : 1. free leaving – eg :planaria 2. parasitic –eg : tapeworms
Echinoderms:Means “spiny-skin”Star shapedSpinyEx: Starfish & Sea Urchin
Arthropoda:Makes up 75% of the animal kingdomBasic Characteristics:
hard external skeletonsegmented bodyjointed legs
Ex: beetle, milli & centipede, spider, crab
Chordata:VertebratesHave internal skeleton
Vertebral columnLimbs
Ex: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
Molluska:Hard shell surrounding soft body parts
Live in water & damp places
Examples:Snail, & Sea Scallop
Only a few do not have shells: Octopus & Sea slug
NematodaBilaterally symmetricalTriploblasticPseudocoelumTissues present, no real organs presentNormal parasitic eg: ascariesFilaria worm
AnnelidaTriploplastic, well differentiatedTrue coelum presentWell organised bodySegmentedHabitat – soil, water eg : earthworm, leech
ProtochordataLong rod-like structure which separte the
nerve system from gutMuscles helps into movement attachBilaterally symmetricalTriploblasticBody cavity - eg : harmonia, aphiorus
VertabrataPresence of vertebral columnPresence of moto chordDorsel nerve chordTriploblastic Body cavity presentThese are grouped into 5 classes
PiscesAcquatic organismsStreamlined bodyRespiratory organ – gills Scales are presentTwo chambered heartSkeleton structure
AmphibiaOviporousScales presentMucus skin3 chambered heartRespiratory organ: lungs or gillsHabitate – water and landEg : toad, frog
ReptillaOviporous, lay egg in landTough skinRespiratory system : Lung 3 chambered heartEg : snake, cobra, flying lizards
AvesOviporous, lay egg in landSkin covered with feathersRespiratory organ: lung4 chambered heartEg : ostrich, crow, etc
MammalsViviporous, give birth to young onesRespiratory organ – lung4 chambered heartWarm blooded organismsPresence of sweet, oil, mammary glands – eg:
whale, dolphin.