science ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Made by: Shehraz Nayyar Nitanshi Jain Sahil Sahu Vineet Class- 9th ‘E’
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classificationEarly Attempts at ClassificationOrganisms need to be grouped into
meaningful categoriesOver time categorization has become
much more specific and simplifiedNaming organismsJohn Ray - first to use the term
“species”SPECIES - Organisms that are similar
in shape/structure and they reproduce with each other to create viable offspring
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evolutionevolutionEvolutionEvolution, or change , or change
over time, is the over time, is the process by which process by which modern organisms modern organisms have descended from have descended from ancient organisms.ancient organisms.
Charles Darwin first Charles Darwin first described this idea described this idea of evolution in 1859 of evolution in 1859 in his book origin in his book origin of species .of species .
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Seven classification groups of living thingsKingdomPhylumClassOrder
FamilyGenusSpecies
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MoneraThey don’t well defined body.Unicellular structureMode of nutrition
–heterotropes/autotropes
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PROTISTA
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Protist kingdomUnicellular; microscopicNucleus present
EukaryoticAutotrophic or heterotrophic
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Fungus kingdom
EukaryoticMade up of hyphaeNo root, stem and leafNo chlorophyll
Saprophytic or parasitic
Reproduce by forming spores
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Plant KingdomEukaryoticMost plants contains photosynthetic
pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesisAutotrophic
Can be divided into two groups:Non-flowering plantsFlowering plants
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ThallophytaAquaticMay be unicellular or
multicellularNo root, stem or leafContain
photosynthetic pigments (e.g. chlorophyll) for photosynthesis
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BryophytaAmphibians of plant kingdom .Have stems & leaves of the structure.No tissues for water . E.g –finaria, marcantia
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PTERIPHYTES
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Well defined body.Specialised tissues present .Presence of naked embryos called as
spores.These have 2 types of plants –AngiospermsGymnosperms
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Reproduction by producing seedsSeeds develop in
cones, not enclosed by fruits
naked seedsNeedle-shaped
leaves to reduce water loss
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AngiospermsThese are called
flowering plants.These have two
types of plants -MonocotyledonsDicotyledonsWith flowers for
reproductionSeeds are
produced inside the fruit (matured ovary)
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The Animal The Animal KingdomKingdom
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:Most complex of all kingdoms
Multicellular (made of many cells)
They obtain food from OUTSIDE SOURCES
They move from place to place to get food
They swallow their food and they digest food inside the body.
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9 Phyla of the Animal kingdom9 Phyla of the Animal kingdomPorifera 6) Mollusca
Coelenterata 7) Echinoderm
Flatworms 8) Arthropoda
Roundworms 9) Chordata
Segmented worms
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The Animal Kingdom The Animal Kingdom
Porifera:
Means “having pores”
Ex: sponges
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The Animal The Animal KingdomKingdomCoelentrata:
Sac-like body
Have tentacles
Ex: hydras, jelly fish, coral, sea anemones
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Plathy-helminthes
Bilateral symmetry of bodyTissue organisationsTriploblastic Lack of body cavityTypes : 1. free leaving – eg :planaria 2. parasitic –eg : tapeworms
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Echinoderms:Means “spiny-skin”Star shapedSpinyEx: Starfish & Sea Urchin
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Arthropoda:Makes up 75% of the animal kingdomBasic Characteristics:
hard external skeletonsegmented bodyjointed legs
Ex: beetle, milli & centipede, spider, crab
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Chordata:VertebratesHave internal skeleton
Vertebral columnLimbs
Ex: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
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Molluska:Hard shell surrounding soft body parts
Live in water & damp places
Examples:Snail, & Sea Scallop
Only a few do not have shells: Octopus & Sea slug
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NematodaBilaterally symmetricalTriploblasticPseudocoelumTissues present, no real organs presentNormal parasitic eg: ascariesFilaria worm
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AnnelidaTriploplastic, well differentiatedTrue coelum presentWell organised bodySegmentedHabitat – soil, water eg : earthworm, leech
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ProtochordataLong rod-like structure which separte the
nerve system from gutMuscles helps into movement attachBilaterally symmetricalTriploblasticBody cavity - eg : harmonia, aphiorus
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VertabrataPresence of vertebral columnPresence of moto chordDorsel nerve chordTriploblastic Body cavity presentThese are grouped into 5 classes
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PiscesAcquatic organismsStreamlined bodyRespiratory organ – gills Scales are presentTwo chambered heartSkeleton structure
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AmphibiaOviporousScales presentMucus skin3 chambered heartRespiratory organ: lungs or gillsHabitate – water and landEg : toad, frog
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ReptillaOviporous, lay egg in landTough skinRespiratory system : Lung 3 chambered heartEg : snake, cobra, flying lizards
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AvesOviporous, lay egg in landSkin covered with feathersRespiratory organ: lung4 chambered heartEg : ostrich, crow, etc
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MammalsViviporous, give birth to young onesRespiratory organ – lung4 chambered heartWarm blooded organismsPresence of sweet, oil, mammary glands – eg:
whale, dolphin.
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