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Research into this remarkable mineralcontinues in the 21st century. Scientistscontinue to investigate mode o actionand the eects o dierent uorideormulations are constantly beingexplored. Read on or a summary o recentdata comparing the release o uoriderom dierent sources and advances in

uoride uptake rom dentirices.

Scs f d n

dntfcsThere are our sources o uoride used indentirices, which include:

sodium uoride (NaF)

sodium monouorophosphate (MFP)

stannous uoride (SnF2)

amine uoride (AmF).

Dierent uoride sources, pH andthe choice o other ingredients in theormulation can aect uoride delivery and not all uoride dentirices are equallyeective, even i they contain equivalentconcentrations o uoride.

Although SnF2

and AmF are used indentirices, the majority o ormulationsuse either NaF or MFP as uoride sources.Comparing these two, BowensJournal ofthe Royal Society of Medicine paper (1995)has indicated that uoride ions are reelyavailable in NaF; however, MFP needs tobe broken down by salivary phosphatasesin order to release uoride.

Dffncs n d ptakWhile there have been numerous studiesto compare anti-caries eects betweenthe two most common sources o uoride

in dentirices NaF and MFP there issome debate regarding their respectivemechanisms o anti-caries action.

Two recent GSK caries model studiesdemonstrate that NaF provides greaterremineralization and increased uorideuptake than MFP. The studies compareda) changes in surace microhardnessand uoride uptake using a 20-day invitro caries cycling model and b) theremineralization potential and uorideuptake o NaF and MFP dentirices usingan in situ caries model.

Science focuS on...

The anti-caries eect o

fuoride is well established

and it has been used as an

ingredient in dentirices or

decades. Extensive studies

have demonstrated the main

eects o fuoride are to

promote remineralization

o early caries and prevent

demineralization.

FluoriDe

Two recent GSK caries model

studies demonstrate that NaF provides

greater remineralization and increased

fuoride uptake than MFP

Amine fluoride

N+ N+

OO

O

F- F-

Sodium fluoride

Na

F

Stannous fluoride

F F

Sn

Sodiummonofluorophosphate

Na+

Na+

O-

FP

O-

O

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Sra mrhardss

hags ad rd ptak

wth naf ad MfP a vtr

ars ylg mdl

This study, published in Caries Research,

was undertaken by Newby et al (2007)with the objectives o determining therelative efcacies o marketeddentirices to:

promote enamel uoride uptake

promote lesion remineralization

diminish subsequent demineralizationunder dynamic conditions simulating invivo caries ormation.

The study compared MFP-containing

dentirices with dierent ormulationso NaF-containing pastes, includingAquaresh Advanced (NaF in silica base A,1100ppm uoride) and an experimentalGSK ormulation (NaF in silica base B,1100ppm uoride).

Artifcial lesions were ormed in humanenamel specimens and subjected to a daily

cycling regimen. Surace microhardnesswas measured at baseline, 10 and 20 days.Fluoride uptake in the enamel specimenswas measured at 20 days using themicrodrill technique.

Ater 20 days o treatment signifcantlygreater surace microhardness wasobserved with Aquaresh Advancedthan with both MFP pastes and theother NaF paste, as a result o improvedremineralization and increased uorideuptake (fgure 1).

This study by Newby demonstrates thatdentirices with similar available uorideand the same uoride source can beormulated to provide increased enamel

hardness and uoride uptake. This wasdemonstrated by the act that AquareshAdvanced (NaF in silica base A, 1100ppmuoride) was associated with greatersurace microhardness and uoride uptakeater 20 days o treatment (p

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