science energy and motion. all the lights in your house need energy. so do the refrigerator and...
TRANSCRIPT
SCIENCE
ENERGY and MOTION
All the lights in your house need energy. So do the refrigerator and
washing machine and computer.
What else needs energy?
What do you and a car have in common?
You both need energy!
Gasoline is the car’s source of energy.
Food is your form of energy. Healthy foods give your body the
energy it needs.
Match up each item to its source of energy.
ENERGY is the ABILITY to CAUSE CHANGE in MATTER.
EVERYTHING THAT MOVES HAS ENERGY!
These kids need energy to run.
They get their energy from eating healthy foods.
When a roller coaster car climbs
a hill, it seems to stop at the top
for just a moment.
Then it speeds down to the bottom.
Something in motion, like a girl on a pogo stick, has
KINETIC ENERGY.KINETIC ENERGY is ENERGY in MOTION.
The roller coaster hovering at the top of
a hill has
POTENTIAL ENERGY.
POTENTIAL ENERGY is the energy something has because of its
position or condition.
MECHANICAL ENERGY
is the total
POTENTIAL ENERGY
+
KINETIC ENERGY
of an object.
The girl pushes the
pogo stick spring down.
The spring has
POTENTIAL ENERGY.
When the spring spreads
out, the pogo stick
goes up and now has
KINETIC ENERGY.
As a roller coaster
climbs to the top of a
hill, it gains POTENTIAL ENERGY.
The higher the coaster
climbs, the more
POTENTIAL ENERGY
the cars have.
As the coaster comes
down the hill, the
POTENTIAL ENERGY
decreases because
of the changes in
KINETIC ENERGY.
MECHANICAL ENERGY = POTENTIAL ENERGY + KINETIC ENERGY
FLASH and BOOM
You see lightning flash across the sky. Then you hear a boom that
is so loud, it makes your heart pound.Lightning and Thunder are two
Forms of Energy.
Lightning can be hotter than the surface of the sun. It makes the air around it rapidly expand. This
causes the BOOM of thunder.
Do the Math
How far away was that lightning strike?
As soon as you see a flash of lightning,
count the seconds until you hear
thunder. Then divide the number of
seconds by 5. This gives you an
approximate distance in miles.
LIGHT ENERGY
is produced and used in
different ways.
Light is a form of energy
that can travel through
space.
Plants use light from the
sun to make food.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
That same LIGHT ENERGY
from the sun allows us to see.
Another source of LIGHT ENERGY
is electricity. If we couldn’t use
electricity to produce
LIGHT ENERGY it would be difficult
to work or play after dark.
Another form of energy is
SOUND ENERGY.
Sound is made when something
moves back and forth. This motion
is called
VIBRATION.
Sounds can be described in
different ways.
PITCH
describes how high or low
a sound is.
LOUD sounds have more energy
than quiet sounds.
ENERGY is all around us.You could not do without energy for
even one day.CHEMICAL ENERGY
is energy that is released by a chemical change.
ELECTRICAL ENERGYis energy that comes from electric
current.
CHEMICAL ENERGY
from the food we eat gives us the energy we need to grow and move.
Most cars run on gasoline.
Gasoline is a source of
chemical energy.
Fire releases chemical energy that
provides heat and cooks our food.
ELECTRICAL ENERGY
is energy that comes from electric
current.
Anything plugged into a wall outlet
uses electrical energy.
Electricity is generated using the chemical
energy released during the burning of
fossil fuels.
The sun, wind, and water can also
generate electricity.
Solar Power Water Power
ENERGY CAN CHANGE FORM
Electrical energy changes to light energy
when you turn on a light switch.
You feel heat energy given off by
many light bulbs.
Chemical energy in gasoline changes
to mechanical energy when a driver
presses the gas pedal.
Chemical energy changes into light
energy in a glow stick.
Glow sticks have a glass tube
inside that has chemicals inside.
When you bend the glow stick, the
tube breaks. The chemicals mix
together and when they mix, light
energy is given off.
Radio Waves are a form of energy.A remote control sends radio waves
to a remote-controlled car.The radio waves change to electrical
energy to tell the motor what to do:
start – stop – go faster.The car also has batteries to change chemical energy to electrical energy
to move the car.
SUMMARYEnergy is the ability to cause change in matter.
Everything that moves has energy.
Kinetic energy is energy of motion.
Potential energy is the energy something
has because of its position.
Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic energy
and potential energy.
Light energy allows plants to make food and
helps us see and stay warm.
Sound energy is caused by vibrations.
Energy can change from one form to another.
WATER ENERGY
A dam can be used to
change the kinetic energy of falling water into electrical
energy.
Energy made using falling water is known as
HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY.
People have always used water’s energy to move things. Before boats had engines, ferries and
rafts used the motion of rivers to carry people and goods from place
to place.
Mills powered by water have been used for hundreds of years. Water
flows over the wheel to turn it. The wheel turns an axle that turns
a mill wheel or another device.
1. A river brings water to a dam. The dam holds the water behind it in an artificial
lake called a reservoir.
2. Water is released through the dam. The water spins the blades of giant turbines.
3. Each turbine is connected to a generator. The turbine makes the generator spin to
produce electricity.
4. The water then flows back into the river.
WIND ENERGY
Wind mills, like water mills,
have been used for hundreds of
years. They move because of
the wind.
Wind energy is energy produced
by moving air.
Windmills used to be used to
grind grain.
Today, windmills are used to
produce electricity.
The wind’s kinetic energy causes the
turbine’s blades to move.
The generator changes this energy
of motion into electrical energy.
One wind turbine can make enough
electrical energy to power our
entire school.
Wind and Water are clean
energy sources.
They do not hurt our environment
and they are both renewable
resources.
Wind energy is
used by kites,
gliders and birds
as they fly.
Sailors capture
wind energy to
sail the seas.
Renewable Energy is our Future
One day we will run out of fossil
fuels like coal, petroleum, and
natural gas.
If we want to continue using
electricity, we must find ways to
use other sources of energy.
Fossil fuels are NONRENEWABLE.
When they are gone, they’re gone.
Water and wind are renewable
sources of energy.
Biofuels, which are made from living
things, are renewable resources
too.
Solar energy is a renewable
source of energy.
Windmills and water energy
are also renewable.
Another renewable energy source is HYDROGEN.This car has a tank filled with hydrogen
instead of gasoline.The hydrogen goes to a fuel cell, where the
Hydrogen mixes with oxygen to produce electricity.
SUMMARYWind and water are two important
sources of renewable energy. People
have long used water’s energy to move
people and things. Windmills were often
used to grind grain.
Today, we use wind energy and water
energy to drive generators.
The generators change mechanical
energy into electrical energy.