Science and Engineering,Noble Activities

Science & Engineering, Noble ActivitiesIntroduction

Other ProfessionsScience & Engineering

General ExamplesStatue of LibertyEmpire State BuildingGolden Gate BridgeChannel TunnelItaipu Dam

TransportationHeat Engine

External Combustion Engine (Steam)Internal Combustion Engine

Horseless CarriageAirplane

CommunicationsPrinting PressTelegraphTelephoneRadioTelevisionComputer

Manufacturing / ProductionInterchangeable Parts / Assembly Line/ Mass ProductionSteam EngineElectrical Generator

Statue of LibertyGift from FranceDedicated oct 28, 1886Liberty Island in New York HarborSculptor, Frederic Auguste BartholdiInternal Structure Engineer, Gustave Eiffel305 Ft from the ground to the top of torchStatue height 151 ftStatue weight 204 TonsPedestal weight 24,500 tons

Poem by Eamma Lazarus, “The New Colossus”

Give me your tired, your poorYour huddled masses yearning to breath free,The wretched refuse of your teeming shoreSend these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,I lift my lamp beside the golden door!

General Examples

Empire State Building

1,250 Ft High (102 Stories)World’s Tallest Skyscraper for 41 years

2.2 M Ft2 Floor Space

Weight 330,000 Metric Tons6,500 WindowsLocated on Fifth Avenue Midtown ManhattanOpened May 1, 1931Constructed in 1 Year 45 DaysOn July 28, 1945 Crashed into a by a B-25

Bomber Plane in thick Fog, Easily Repaired

General Examples

Golden Gate Bridge

Suspension Bridge Across GoldenGate Strait

Hangs from Two 746 Foot-High TowersOne Pier in Open Sea, 1100 FT from Shore70 Mph Gusts and Ocean Currents During

Construction80,000 Miles of Wire in the 3.61 Ft Dia. CablesEngineer, Joseph Strauss / Charles Purcell1.7 Miles Long, 90 Ft WideMid Span can Swing 27FTOpened May, 1937Not Damaged By 1989 EarthquakeCost $35 millionCompleted in 4 Years

General Examples

Channel Tunnel

31 Mile Tunnel Linking England and France24 Miles Undersea (English Channel)150 Ft Below SeabedTwo Rail Tunnels (25 ft Dia) and one Service

Tunnel (16 Ft Dia)Took 15,000 Workers 7+ Years to CompleteCost 10 Billion Pounds

General Examples

Itaipu DamDam of Parana River on Border of

Brazil & ParaguayLargest Hydroelectric Power Plant

in the World14 BW Generator Capacity20 Turbines, 700 MW EachEnough Iron & Steel to Build 380

Eiffel Towers15 Times the Concrete to Build the

Channel TunnelDam is 196m HighOver 50 Million Tons of Earth &

Stones RemovedBegan operation in 1984 with Two Units

General Examples

Heat EngineExternal Combustion Engine

In 1769, James Watt, a Scottish EngineerInvented the First Practical SteamEngine.

Transportation

Heat EngineInternal Combustion Engine4 Stroke Gasoline & Diesel

4 Stroke Internal Combustion Engine Patent1862 Alphonse Beau de Rochas , FrenchEngineer

May 1876, Nikolaus August Otto Built the First4 Stroke Piston Cycle Combustion Engine

1892, Rudolf Diesel, A German Engineer Issueda Patent for the Diesel Engine

Transportation

Horseless CarriageKarl Benz, German Engineer, Built the

First Automobile Powered by anInternal Combustion Engine1886 Patent

Transportation

AirplaneDec 17, 1903Kitty Hawk, NCWeight 600 LBSFirst Controlled, Sustained Flight in

Heavier-Than-Air-Craft1st Flight 12 Seconds 120 Ft2nd Flight 200 Ft3rd Flight 200 Ft4th Flight 59 Seconds 852 Ft

Transportation

Printing PressCommunications

1436 Invented by Johann Gutenberg,A German Goldsmith

1456 First Mass Production of Bible

TelegraphCommunications

Samuel Morse1840

Telephone

Alexander graham Bell1876

Communications

Radio

Nikola Tesla, Filed Patent 1897, GrantedPatent 1900

Guglielmo Marconi, Filed Patent, Nov 10,1900, Granted Patent 1904

In 1943, a Few Months After Tesla’s DeathThe U.S. Supreme Court UpheldTesla’s Radio Patent 645,576

Communications

All Electric TelevisionPhilo T. Farnsworth, Patent Issued

Aug 26, 1930. Farnsworth was20 Years Old

Communications

ComputerKonrad Zuse, German Construction

Engineer1936 First Binary Computer1939 First Fully Functional Electro-

Mechanical Computer (Did notStore the program in memorywith data)

TransistorJohn Bardeen, Walter Brattain & William

Shockley 1947/48Integrated CircuitJacky Kilby & Robert Noyce1958MicroprocessorFaggin, Hoff & Mazor of Intel 1971In Jan 2006 Intel produced 153 MBIT119 SQMM SRAM Chips ContainingOver a Billion Transistors

Communications

Manufacturing / Production

Interchangeable Parts / Assembly Line /Mass Production

Early 16th Century – Venice ArsenalEmployed 16,000 Workers BuildingWarships with Standardized Partsusing a Production-Line Approachto Complete a Ship a Day.

1778 Honore Blanc (French) Began ProducingFirearms with Interchangeable Parts

1798 Eli Whitney Built 10 Guns & Demonstratedto U.S. Congress

1913 - 1914 Henry Ford Invented an ImprovedAssembly Line, Reduced Model TAssembly Time from 14 HRS to 11 HR 33 MIN.

1908 - 1916 Model T Price $1,000 to Under$360

Steam Engine

James Watt – Scottish Engineer at Universityof Glasgow Worked on Newcomer Steam Engine.

1769 – Patent for Separate CondensingChamber for Steam Engine

1781 – Converted Reciprocal Engine Motionto Rotary Motion

1782 – Invented Double-Acting Engine1784 – Patent for Steam Locomotive1788 – Adapted Centrifugal Governor for

use on Steam Engine

James Watt’s work was Influential in Radically Transforming The WorldFrom an Agricultural Society into anIndustrial One.

James Watt is Buried in Westminster Abbey.

Manufacturing / Production

Electrical GeneratorMichael Faraday1791-1867

Manufacturing / Production