Science 10 Data Page 1

ActiniumAluminumAmericiumAntimonyArgonArsenicAstatineBariumBerkeliumBerylliumBismuthBohriumBoronBromineCadmiumCalciumCaliforniumCarbonCeriumCesiumChlorineChromiumCobaltCopperCuriumDarmstadtiumDubniumDysprosiumEinsteiniumErbiumEuropiumFermiumFluorineFranciumGadoliniumGalliumGermanium

Element Symbol

AcAlAmSbArAsAtBaBkBeBiBhBBrCdCaCfCCeCsClCrCoCuCmDsDbDyEsErEuFmFFrGdGaGe

AtomicNumber

8913955118338556974

83107

5354820986

58551724272996

11010566996863

1009

87643132

GoldHafniumHassiumHeliumHolmiumHydrogenIndiumIodineIridiumIronKryptonLanthanumLawrenciumLeadLithiumLutetiumMagnesiumMeitneriumManganeseMendeleviumMercuryMolybdenumNeodymiumNeonNeptuniumNickelNiobiumNitrogenNobeliumOsmiumOxygenPalladiumPhosphorusPlatinumPlutoniumPoloniumPotassium

Element Symbol

AuHfHsHeHoHInIIrFeKrLaLrPbLiLuMgMtMnMdHgMoNdNeNpNiNbNNoOsOPdPPtPuPoK

AtomicNumber

7972

1082

671

495377263657

103823

7112

10925

101804260109328417

102768

461578948419

PraseodymiumPromethiumProtactiniumRadiumRadonRheniumRhodiumRoentgeniumRubidiumRutheniumRutherfordiumSamariumScandiumSeaborgiumSeleniumSiliconSilverSodiumStrontiumSulphurTantalumTechnetiumTelluriumTerbiumThalliumThoriumThuliumTinTitaniumTungstenUraniumVanadiumXenonYtterbiumYttriumZincZirconium

Element Symbol

PrPmPaRaRnReRhRgRbRuRfSmScSgSeSiAgNaSrSTaTcTeTbTlThTmSnTiWUVXeYbYZnZr

AtomicNumber

59619188867545

1113744

1046221

1063414471138167343526581906950227492235470393040

RADIOACTIVITY SYMBOLS

ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF THE ELEMENTS

00 γ

0–1 e

0–1β ,

42 He4

2α ,

10 n 1

1 p 11 H,

Data Page 2 Science 10

NO

N-M

ET

ALS

ME

TA

LS

Ion

char

ge(s

)

47.9

Tita

nium

3+T

i4+

22

Ato

mic

Mas

sN

ame

Sym

bol

Ato

mic

Num

ber

PE

RIO

DIC

TA

BL

E O

F T

HE

EL

EM

EN

TS

Alk

alin

eE

arth

Met

als

Alk

ali

Met

als

Nob

leG

ases

Hal

ogen

s

Bas

ed o

n m

ass

of C

-12

at 1

2.00

.

Any

val

ue in

par

enth

eses

is th

e m

ass

of th

e m

ost

stab

le o

r be

st k

now

n is

otop

e fo

rel

emen

ts w

hich

do

not o

ccur

nat

ural

ly.

(262

)

Law

renc

ium

Lr

3+10

3

(259

)

Nob

eliu

m

3+N

o2+

102

(258

)

Men

dele

vium3+

Md

2+10

1

(257

)

Ferm

ium

Fm

3+10

0

(252

)

Eins

tein

ium

Es

3+99

(251

)

Cal

iforn

ium

Cf

3+98

(247

)

Berk

eliu

m4+B

k3+

97

(247

)

Cur

ium

Cm

3+96

(243

)

Amer

icium

Am

95

6+5+4+3+

5+3+6+4+

(244

)

Plut

onium

Pu

94

6+4+3+5+

(237

)

Nep

tuniu

m

Np

93

5+4+6+

238.

0

Ura

nium

U92

231.

0

Prot

actin

ium4+

Pa

5+91

232.

0

Thor

ium

Th

4+90

175.

0

Lute

tium

Lu

3+71

173.

0

Ytte

rbiu

m

2+Y

b3+

70

168.

9Th

uliu

m

2+T

m3+

69

167.

3

Erbi

um

Er

3+68

164.

9

Hol

miu

m

Ho

3+67

162.

5

Dys

pros

ium

Dy

3+66

158.

9

erbi

umT

4+T

b3+

65

157.

3

Gad

olin

ium

Gd

3+64

152.

0

Euro

pium

2+E

u3+

63

150.

4

Sam

ariu

m4+S

m3+

62

(145

)

Prom

ethi

um

Pm

3+61

144.

2

Neo

dym

ium

Nd

3+60

140.

9

Pras

eody

miu

m

4+P

r3+

59

140.

1

Cer

ium

4+C

e3+

58

(266

)

Mei

tner

ium

Mt

109

(265

)

Has

sium

Hs

108

(262

)

Bohr

ium

Bh

107

(263

)

Sg

Seab

orgi

um

106

(262

)

Dub

nium

Db

105

(26

1)

Rut

herfo

rdiu

m

Rf

10

4

(22

7)

Act

iniu

m

Ac

3+

89

(226

)

Rad

ium

Ra

2+88

(223

)

Fran

cium

Fr

+87

(222

)

Rad

on

Rn

086

(210

)

Asta

tine

At

–85

(209

)

Polo

nium

4+P

o2+

84

020

9.

Bism

uth

5+B

i3+

83

207.

2

Lead

4+P

b2+

82

204.

4

Thal

lium

3+T

l1+

81

200.

6

Mer

cury

1+H

g2+

80

197.

0

Gol

d

1+A

u3+

79

195.

1

Plat

inum

2+P

t4+

78

192.

2

Iridi

um

4+Ir

3+77

190.

2

Osm

ium

4+O

s3+

76

186.

2

Rhe

nium

7+R

e4+

75

183.

8

ungs

ten

TW6+

74

180.

9

anta

lum

TTa5+

73

178.

5

Haf

nium

Hf

4+72

138.

9

Lant

hanu

m

La

3+57

137.

3

Bariu

m

Ba

2+56

132.

9

Ces

ium

Cs

+55

131.

3

Xeno

n

Xe

054

126.

9

Iodi

ne

I–

53

127.

6

Tellu

rium

Te2–

52

121.

8

Antim

ony5+

Sb

3+51

118.

7

Tin

2+S

n4+

50

114.

8

Indi

um

In3+

49

112.

4

Cad

miu

m

Cd

2+48

107.

9

Silv

er

Ag

+47

106.

4

Palla

dium

4+P

d2+

46

102.

9

Rho

dium

4+R

h3+

45

101.

1

Rut

heni

um

4+R

u3+

44

(98)

Tech

netiu

m

Tc

7+43

95.9

Mol

ybde

num3+

Mo

2+42

92.9

Nio

bium

5+N

b3+

41

91.2

Zirc

oniu

m

Zr

4+40

88.9

Yttri

um

Y3+

39

87.6

Stro

ntiu

m

Sr

2+38

85.5

Rub

idiu

m

Rb

+37

83.8

Kryp

ton

Kr

036

79.9

Brom

ine

Br

–35

79.0

Sele

nium

Se

2–34

74.9

Arse

nic

As

3–33

72.6

Ger

man

ium

Ge

4+32

69.7

Gal

lium

Ga

3+31

65.4

ZincZn

2+30

63.5

Cop

per

1+C

u2+

29

58.7

Nic

kel

3+N

i2+

28

58.9

Cob

alt

3+C

o2+

27

55.8

Iron

2+F

e3+

26

54.9

Man

gane

se

Mn

25

4+3+2+

52.0

Chr

omiu

m2+C

r3+

24

50.9

Vana

dium

4+V

5+23

47.9

Tita

nium

3+T

i4+

22

45.0

Scan

dium

Sc

3+21

40.1

Cal

cium

Ca

2+20

39.1

Pota

ssiu

m

K+

19

39.9

Argo

n

Ar

018

35.5

Chl

orin

e

Cl

–17

32.1

Sulp

hur

S2–

16

31.0

Phos

phor

us

P3–

15

28.1

Silic

on

Si

14

27.0

Alum

inum

Al

3+13

24.3

Mag

nesi

um

Mg

2+12

23.0

Sodi

um

Na

+11

20.2

Neo

n

Ne

010

19.0

Fluo

rine

F9–

16.0

Oxy

gen

O–

82

14.0

Nitr

ogen

N–

73

12.0

Car

bon

C6

10.8

Boro

n

B5

9.0

Bery

llium

Be

+4

2

6.9

Lith

ium

Li

3+

4.0

Hel

ium

He

20

1.0

Hyd

roge

n

H1–

1.0

Hyd

roge

n

H1+

(294

)

Unu

noct

ium

Uu

o11

8

(?)

Unu

nsep

tium

Uu

s11

7

(292

)

Unu

nhex

ium

Uu

h11

6

(288

)

Uu

pU

nunp

entiu

m

115

(289

)

Unu

nqua

dium

Uu

q11

4

(28

4)

Unu

ntriu

m

Uu

t1

13

(28

5)

Unu

nbiu

m

Uu

b1

12

(272

)

Roe

ntge

nium

Rg

111

(281

)

Darm

stad

tium

Ds

110

12

34

56

78

910

1112

1314

1516

17

18

Science 10 Data Page 3

1445

4424

4544

30

12

34

Aci

dic

Bas

icN

eutr

al

56

78

910

1112

1314

stom

ach

lem

ongr

apes

tom

atoe

sba

nana

sm

ilkw

ater

eggs

baki

ng

soda

soap

amm

onia

oven

clea

ner [OH

– ]

blea

ch

Met

hyl O

rang

eR

ED

YE

LL

OW

Met

hyl R

edM

ethy

l Red

RE

DY

EL

LO

W

Bro

mth

ymol

Blu

eY

EL

LO

WB

LU

E

Litm

usR

ED

BL

UE

Phe

nolp

htha

lein

CO

LO

UR

LE

SS

PIN

K

Indi

go C

arm

ine

YE

LL

OW

BL

UE

[H+] ⎧

⎨

⎪⎪⎪⎪

⎩

⎪⎪⎪⎪

⎧

⎨

⎪⎪⎪⎪

⎩

⎪⎪⎪⎪

pH

SC

AL

E

NH

3

Data Page 4 Science 10

Positive Ions

NAMES, FORMULAE AND CHARGES OF SOME POLYATOMIC IONS

Negative Ions

COMMON ISOTOPE PAIRS CHART

Isotope Half-life of Parent(years)

Carbon-14

Uranium-235

Thorium-235

Rubidium-87

Potassium-40

Uranium-238

Parent

Nitrogen-14

Lead-207

Argon-40

Lead-208

Strontium-87

Lead-206

5730

710 million

1.3 billion

14 billion

47 billion

4.5 billion

Daughter

NH4+ Ammonium NO2

– Nitrite

ClO4– Perchlorate

MnO4– Permanganate

PO43– Phosphate

PO33– Phosphite

SO42– Sulphate

SO32– Sulphite

HCO3– Hydrogen carbonate, bicarbonate

HSO4– Hydrogen sulphate, bisulphate

HS– Hydrogen sulphide, bisulphide

HSO3– Hydrogen sulphite, bisulphite

OH– Hydroxide

ClO– Hypochlorite

NO3– Nitrate

CH3COO– Acetate

CO32– Carbonate

ClO3– Chlorate

ClO2– Chlorite

CrO42– Chromate

CN– Cyanide

Cr2O72– Dichromate

EQUATIONS OF MOTIONUNITS AND

ABBREVIATIONS

vav = ΔdΔt

Δd = vav Δt

Δt = Δdvav

a = ΔvΔt

Δv = aΔt

Δt = Δva

Δv

Δv

= vf − vi

= vf −vi

Δv= vi +vf

m

s

min

h

a

Symbol

metre

second

minute

hour

year

Unit

distance (d)

time (t)

Quantity

PREFIXES

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

mono

di

tri

tetra

penta

hexa

hepta

octa

nona

deca

Science 10 Data Page 5

TH

E C

AR

BO

N C

YC

LE

sea

surf

ace

gas

exch

ange

sun

CE

LLU

LAR

RE

SP

IRAT

ION

P H O T O S Y N T H E S I S

DE

CO

MP

OS

ITIO

N

chan

ge in

land

use

(e.g

. agr

icul

ture

)

DIA

GR

AM

NO

T T

O S

CA

LE

CO

2

atm

osph

eric

CO

2

1.5

0.5

9092

100

92

plan

t gro

wth

an

d de

cay

6061

1600

mar

ine

life

5040

3

orga

nic

mat

ter

in s

oil

terr

estr

ial

vege

tatio

n

540

– 61

0

circ

ulat

ion

of

inte

rmed

iate

and

dee

p w

ater

38 0

00 –

40

000

diss

olve

d or

gani

c ca

rbon

700

foss

il fu

elco

mbu

stio

n

5.5

CO

2 in

atm

osph

ere

750

mar

ine

sedi

men

ts a

nd s

edim

enta

ry r

ock

68 0

00 0

00 –

100

000

000co

al

3000

oil a

nd g

as d

epos

it

300

CA

RB

ON

CY

CL

E K

EY

e.g

. 100

92

carb

on e

xcha

nge

in g

igat

onne

s pe

r ye

ar

e.g

. 38

000

– 40

000

carb

on s

tore

s in

gig

aton

nes

Data Page 6 Science 10

Per

man

ent I

ce

Tund

ra

Trop

ical

Rai

n F

ores

t

Tem

pera

te R

ain

For

est

Bor

eal F

ores

t

Gra

ssla

nd

Des

ert

Tem

pera

te D

ecid

uous

For

est

BIO

ME

S O

F T

HE

WO

RL

D

N S

EW

Trop

ic o

f Can

cer

23.5

°N

Equ

ator

0°

Trop

ic o

f Cap

ricor

n 23

.5°S

Science 10 Data Page 7

Burgess shale deposited

Pangea forming

Multicellular life on land

Glaciers retreat

Glaciers form at poles

Tropical climate at equator

Pangea breaking apart

Atlantic Ocean forming

Glaciation in Southern Hemisphere

Abundant deposition of organic material, source

of future fossil fuels

Red iron oxide deposits

Climate warmer than presentcausing higher sea level

Glaciation intensifies

Grand Canyon forming

Ice sheets advance thenretreat in Northern Hemisphere

Himalayan Mountains forming

Rocky Mountains forming

Beginning of modern ice ages

Single cell aquatic life

Multicellular aquatic life

Abundant fossils appear in rock record

Jurassic

Triassic

Permian

Carboniferous

Devonian

Silurian

Cambrian

Oligocene

Dates according to Geological Time Scale, 1999. Geological Survey of Canada Open File 3040. It is recognized that there is some variation in the dates given in the literature.

ERA

4600

LITHOSPHERETECTONIC PLATE MAPS

Holocene

Pleistocene

Pliocene

Miocene

Eocene

Paleocene

CENOZOIC

MESOZOIC

PALEOZOIC

PRECAMBRIAN

Quaternary

Tertiary

Cretaceous

55

65

145

200

251

300

355

418

441

490

544

Ordovician

PERIOD EPOCH TIME (Ma)

0.01

1.6

5.3

24

34

Formation of the Earth

GEOLOGICAL TIME

Time Ma

540 Ma

400 Ma

270 Ma

Pangea

150 Ma

40 Ma

Present

Data Page 8 Science 10

DIA

GR

AM

NO

T T

O S

CA

LE

Diff

eren

t sou

rces

will

pro

vide

var

ying

info

rmat

ion.pl

ant a

ndan

imal

was

te

runo

ff an

dle

achi

ng

deco

mpo

sers

min

ing

(pho

spha

te fe

rtili

zers

and

dete

rgen

ts)

phos

phat

ein

soi

l

phos

phat

e ro

ckswea

ther

ing

geol

ogic

upl

ift

diss

olve

d in

wat

erw

ays sh

allo

w o

cean

sedi

men

ts

plan

t an

d an

imal

w

aste

TH

E P

HO

SP

HO

RU

S C

YC

LE

PH

OS

PH

OR

US

CY

CL

E K

EY

num

bers

rep

rese

nt s

tore

d am

ount

s in

mill

ions

of m

etric

to

ns (

1012

g)40

00

num

bers

rep

rese

nt fl

ows

in m

illio

ns o

f met

ric to

ns

(1012

g) p

er y

ear

200

fish

harv

est

10

100

50

1000

7

.01

2

20 0

00 0

00 0

00

4000

200

10 0

00 –

60

000

100

000

000

fert

ilize

rs

ocea

n

diss

olvi

ng

ocea

n se

dim

ents

leac

hing

in

to s

oil

soil

fres

h w

ater

terr

estr

ial

orga

nism

s

min

eabl

eph

osph

ate

Ear

th’s

cr

ust

200

upta

ke b

y te

rres

tria

l or

gani

sms

mar

ine

life

guan

o bi

rdis

land

s

indu

stria

lw

aste

wea

ther

ing

Science 10 Data Page 9

DIA

GR

AM

NO

T T

O S

CA

LE

N I T R O G E N F I X A T I O N

D E N I T R I F I C A T I O N

C O N V E R S I O N T O G A S

S E D I M E N T A T I O N

U P T A K E B Y P L A N T S

NH

4+

NH

4+

NH

3N

O, N

O2

NH

3

Atm

osp

her

e: p

rimar

ily N

2 w

ith tr

aces

of N

H3,

NO

, NO

2

nitr

ogen

-fix

ing

soil

bact

eria

nitr

ifyin

gba

cter

ia

ash

acid

pre

cipi

tatio

nH

NO

3

deco

mpo

sers

(bac

teria

and

fung

i)

diss

olve

d N

H4+ ,

NO

3–

NH

4+ , N

O3–

N2

N2

N

O3–

N2,

NH

3, N

O, N

O2,

NO

3–

plan

ts

sew

age

and

fert

ilize

rs

nitr

ifyin

gba

cter

ia

deni

trify

ing

bact

eria

nitr

ogen

oxi

des

from

tran

spor

tatio

nan

d in

dust

ry

deca

ying

pla

ntan

d an

imal

was

te

ATM

OS

PH

ER

IC F

IXAT

ION

(lig

htni

ng)

fert

ilize

rap

plic

atio

n

nitr

ogen

-fix

ing

bact

eria

in r

oot

nodu

les

of le

gum

es

NO

2–N

O3–

NH

4+ , N

O3–

NH

4+

NO

3–

NIT

RIF

ICAT

ION

NIT

RIF

ICAT

ION

UP

TAK

E B

Y P

LAN

TS

NIT

RO

GE

N F

IXAT

ION

LEA

CH

ING

AN

D R

UN

OF

F

TH

E N

ITR

OG

EN

CY

CL

E

Data Page 10 Science 10

MAP OF THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA

LEGENDTransform boundary

Divergent boundary

Convergent boundary

Plate movement

Volcanoes

N

S

EW

SA

N A

ND

RE

AS

FAU

LTDENALI FAU

LT

STIKINEVOLCANICBELT

ANAHIMVOLCANICBELT

QU

EE

NC

HA

RL

OT

TEFA

ULT

YUKONN.W.T.

B.C.

ALB

ER

TA

ALASKA

JUAN DE FUCA

RIDGE

JUAN DE FUCAPLATE

Mt. Baker

Mt. St. Helens

Yellowstone

EXPLORER PLATE

EXPLORER RIDGE

GORDA RID

GE

GORDAPLATE

WASH.

MONTANA

OREGONIDAHO

CALIF.

CA

SCA

DE

VOLC

AN

OES

NORTHAMERICAN

PLATE

PACIFICPLATE

WY

OM

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Science 10 Data Page 11

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