#scichallenge2017 -unzip the secret to immortality

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UNZIP THE SECRET TO IMMORTALITY ANGELIKI SAVVA ANDREA STYLIANOU CHRISTINA CHRISTOFIDOU

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UNZIP THE SECRET TO IMMORTALITY

ANGELIKI SAVVA

ANDREA STYLIANOU

CHRISTINA CHRISTOFIDOU

WHY DO PEOPLE LOVE THE IDEA OF LIVING FOREVER?

TO MAINTAIN A FULLY FUNCTIONAL

AND YOUTHFUL HUMAN BODY FOREVER.

TO HAVE ENOUGH TIME TO DO EVERYTHING

THEY HAVE EVER DREAMED OF!

TO AVOID THE SADNESS OF LOSING

LOVED ONES.

TO HAVE PLENTY OF TIME TO TRAVEL

THE WORLD

TO MEET MANY GREAT

PERSONALITIES THROUGHOUT THEIR

LIFETIME

TO HAVE THE CHANCE TO STUDY

WHATEVER SUBJECTS THEY WANT AND AS A

RESULT, BECOME RICHER IN KNOWLEDGE.

THEY WILL NOT HAVE TO BE AFRAID OF DEATH TO TRAVEL AND EXPLORE THE UNIVERSE.

THEY SAY THE ONLY CERTAIN THINGS IN LIFE ARE DEATH AND TAXES. WHAT IF THEY ARE WRONG?

DEATH IS CAUSED WHEN CELLS INSIDE OUR BODIES LOSE THE ABILITY TO REPAIR

THEMSELVES. AFTER HAVING DIVIDED SEVERAL TIMES, THE CELL GOES INTO SENESCENCE.

THIS IS CALLED THE HAYFLICK LIMIT AND EVENTUALLY THE CELL DIES. IN SOME SENSE,

EVERY CELL HAS A BIOLOGICAL CLOCK DOOMING IT TO DIE.

BUT IS IT POSSIBLE TO ACHIEVE IMMORTALITY?

NANOTECHNOLOGY COULD MAKE HUMANS IMMORTAL BY 2040

SCIENTISTS IMAGINE HORDES OF NANOBOTS FLITTING AROUND YOUR BODY AND

PATCHING CELLS UP, MAKING THEM AS GOOD AS NEW. THEY WILL ALSO BE ABLE TO

REPAIR DAMAGED ORGANS, EFFECTIVELY WIPING OUT DISEASES. THEY WILL ALSO BE•ABLE TO BACK UP OUR MEMORIES.

•THE NANOBOTS WILL BE SELF-REPLICATING, AND ENGINEERS WILL HAVE TO

HARNESS AND CONTAIN THAT REPLICATION.

•THE NANOBOTS COULD HELP YOU LOOK AND FEEL 21 FOREVER!

TELOMERASE INJECTIONSAS YOU GET OLDER, OLD CELLS ARE REPLACED BY NEW ONES WHICH DIVIDE AND MAKE A

COPY OF THEIR DNA. THE PROBLEM IS THAT AFTER REPLICATING A CERTAIN NUMBER OF

TIMES, THE ENDS OF THE DNA GET SHAVED OFF, ESSENTIALLY DEGRADING YOUR GENETIC

MATERIAL AND PHYSICALLY AGING YOU. TELOMERASE IS THE WONDER PROTEIN THAT CAN

ELIMINATE SOME OF THE CONTRACTION OF THE CHROMOSOMES AND EVEN LENGTHEN

THEM.

CELL THERAPYYOU MAY HAVE HEARD OF A GROUP OF CREATURES THAT ARE ALREADYIMMORTAL. THERE ARE ORGANISMS LIVING ON THIS PLANET THAT DON’T PLAYBY THE SAME RULES THAT WE DO AND ARE EFFECTIVELY IMMORTAL. SOME OFTHEM ARE:

HYDRA ZOA

PLANARIAN FLATWORM

NAKED MOLE

RAT HETEROCEPHALUS

GLABER

REGENERATING

FLATWORMS

SCIENTISTS HAVE BEEN LOOKING AT WHAT THESE CREATURES HAVE THAT WE

DON’T. THEIR THEORY IS THAT WE MUST CONTINUALLY TARGET MANY DIFFERENT

FORMS OF AGING AT A MICROSCOPIC LEVEL. WHILE THE LOBSTER REPAIRS ITS

DNA TO EXTEND ITS LIFE, THE JELLYFISH USES STEM CELLS TO REGENERATE. IT

SEEMS THAT ANIMALS ARE ABLE TO DEVELOP MECHANISMS BETTER THAN

HUMANS. SO BY PICKING AND MIXING FROM THE IMMORTAL ANIMAL KINGDOM AND

ANALYZING INDIVIDUAL CELLS OR HOW TISSUES AGE, WE CAN MANIPULATE SOME

OF OUR CELLS IN ORDER TO BECOME IMMORTAL.

The JellyfishThat Holds

the Key

to Immortality!

‘TURRITOPSIS DOHRNII’ IS THE JELLYFISH THAT BYPASSES DEATH!

• IT IS FOUND IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA.

• IT IS BIOLOGICALLY IMMORTAL.

• IT IS BELL-SHAPED WITH A MAXIMUM DIAMETER

OF ABOUT 4.5 MM.

• ITS MAIN DIET USUALLY CONTAINS FISH EGGS,

PLANKTON AND TINY MOLLUSKS.

• IT DOESN'T DIE BUT TRANSFORMS ITSELF BACK

INTO ITS JUVENILE POLYP STATE.

LAVRAEFORMS

DEVELOP INTO POLYP COLONIES

(HYDROIDS)

HYDROIDS BUD NEW JELLYFISHES

BECOMING SEXUALLY MATURE

BELL-SHAPED MEDUSA WITH 80-90

TENTACLES

FERTILIZED EGG

THE ‘RE’CYCLED LIFE OF IMMORTAL JELLYFISH

WHEN IT IS

THREATENED,

INJURED OR

UNABLE TO FEED,

IS TRANSFORMS

BACK TO A

JUVENILE POLYP.

IT ATTACHES ITSELF AND

TURNS INTO A SORT OF

LIVING BLOB. ITS CELLS

WILL INCUR A PROCESS

CALLED

TRANSDIFFERENTIATION.

ITS BODY SHRINKSAND IT IMMERSES TO THE OCEAN FLOOR AND REPEATS THE CYCLE ALL OVER AGAIN.

THEY HAVE THE ABILITY TO DO IT OVER AND OVER AGAIN!

MIND UPLOAD ANOTHER WAY TO ACHIEVE IMMORTALITY IS TO ‘’UPLOAD’’ YOUR MIND. BEING ABLE TO

THINK ABOUT THINGS IS ALL THAT REALLY MATTERS. SO YOU CAN LIVE FOREVER AS LONG

AS YOU DON’T MIND NOT HAVING A PHYSICAL BODY. SOME SAY BY THE 2023 WE SHOULD

HAVE ENOUGH COMPUTING POWER TO EASILY EMULATE THE HUMAN BRAIN. ‘’THE ULTIMATE

GOAL OF MY PLAN IS TO TRANSFER SOMEONE'S PERSONALITY INTO A COMPLETELY NEW

BODY,“ DMITRY ITSKOV SAYS.

WHY WOULD IT BE A CATASTROPHE IF PEOPLE WERE ABLE TO LIVE LONGER, OR EVEN BECOME IMMORTAL?

• OVERPOPULATION, BECAUSE THE POPULATION WILL ONLY INCREASE, SO NO BALANCE

• LACK OF RAW MATERIALS. RAW MATERIALS ARE LIMITED.

• NO SOCIAL PROGRESSION

• GLOBAL DECAY

• RELATIVE TIME REDUCTION

• POLLUTION DUE TO THE FACT THAT MORE AND MORE PEOPLE WILL LIVE ON THIS PLANET

A BLESSING OR A CURSE?

• WE MAY NOT HAVE EMOTIONS IF OUR BRAIN IS TRANSFERED INTO A MACHINE

• WE WON’T HAVE THE INSTITUTION OF FAMILY AND SOME TRADITIONS WILL BEABOLISHED

• PEOPLE MAY NEED TO BE STERILIZED OR BE LIMITED TO HAVING ONLY ONE CHILD

• IT IS AGAINST THE LAWS OF MOTHER NATURE

WHO WILL BE THE LUCKY ONES?o SHOULD ONLY “SMART” PEOPLE ACHIEVE IMMORTALITY?

o HOW ABOUT THE PEOPLE WHO ARE “SMART” IN ARTS, DANCE OR MUSIC?

o IF THE TREATMENT WILL BE PROHIBITIVELY EXPENSIVE SHOULD ONLY THE

EXTREMELY WEALTHY BE ABLE TO BE IMMORTAL?

o WHAT ABOUT THE PEOPLE THAT ARE NOT RICH OR THEY HAVE PHYSICAL

PROBLEMS?

IN CASE WE DON’T FIND OTHER ECOSYSTEMS TO INHABIT,

WHAT IS THE POINT OF BEING IMMORTAL WHEN WE ALL

KNOW THAT OVER THE NEXT BILLION YEARS THE SUN WILL

EXPLODE AND LIFE ON EARTH WILL CEASE TO EXIST?

IMMORTAL REFUGEES?

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