schools of psychology & founders. psychology the scientific study of behavior and mental...
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Schools of Psychology & Founders
Psychology
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Structuralism: Wilhelm Wundt
Interested in the basic elements of the human experience
Introspection: Reporting your thoughts in a controlled situation
My psychology teacher is
weird
Functionalism: William James
Actions of conscious mind & goals of behavior
Functionalists study how animals adapt to their environments
Father of U.S. psychology
Sir Francis GaltonCoined the principle of nature vs. nurture
Examines abilities people are born with
Psychoanalytic Psychology: Sigmund FreudUnconscious motivations/ conflicts are responsible for most human behavior
Behavioralists:
Study how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment.
Ivan Pavlov:
Famous for his experiments on dogs.
John Watson
Known for his experiment on baby Albert.
B.F. Skinner: introduced the concept of reinforcement
Reinforcement: A response to a behavior that increases the likelihood of it being repeated
Humanists: Maslow & Rogers
Believe that each person has freedom in directing his or her future and achieving personal growth
People are unique
Abraham Maslow
Became known for his hierarchy of needs.
Carl Rogers
Person-centered therapy
Cognitive Psychology: Piaget
Focus on how the brain processes, stores and uses info. and how that influences people’s thinking
Biological Psychology
Psychobiologists: Study how physical and chemical changes in our bodies influence our behavior.
Gestalt Psychology: Kohler & Koffka
Studied how sensations are assembled into parts
Gestalt means “whole pattern”
Sociocultural Psychology
Studies the influence of cultural and ethnic similarities and differences on behavior and social functioning